Isigaba esisodwa se-voltage regulator: ukucaciswa, amanani, izithombe nokubuyekezwa

Uma uxhuma idivaysi endlini yokugesi yekhaya ukuze ulinganise ukubaluleka kwe-voltage yamandla - i-voltmeter, izobonisa 220 V. Ezweni lakithi lokhu izinga elivumela ukushintshwa kolunye uhlangothi noma olunye ngo-10%. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngenkathi i-voltage isukela kuma-voltage angu-200 kuya ku-245, imishini yamandla kagesi isebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezinhlelo eziningi zamandla ezikhona, kufaka phakathi amadivaysi okudlulisela amandla, ukuguqulwa nokusabalalisa kokudluliswa kwamandla, kungukuthi ngokuvamile imishini yamandla iwela ngaphansi kwe-200. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto eziningi zasendlini zingase zingasebenzi kahle futhi zihluleke. Ngokuxazulula ukuxazulula le nkinga kungaba izilawuli ezinezigaba zamagesi ezodwa zendlu. Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokuguqulwa kwesigaba, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekhaya kunciphile ngenxa yokusabalala okuncane kwemishini yasendlini ku-380 V.

Amadivayisi kagesi

I-single-phase regulator regulator iyisidingo esine-transformer encane kakhulu ehamba phambili, okuyi-unit control kanye nezinsiza ezisizayo (ukuvikelwa, ukupholisa, ukubonisa). Amandla amabili avela emanzini kuya kudivayisi anikezwa ugesi, kanti amanye anikezwa yi-220 edingekayo. Yonke into elula kakhulu. Kuye indlela yokulungisa i-voltage yokufaka, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamadivayisi: ugesi, ulayini kanye ne-electronic voltage regulator isigaba esisodwa. Vele uqaphele ukuthi okuhle kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo akunjalo. Isibonelo, kusukela ekubukweni kokukhiqiza, i-model ye-elekthronikhi iyathandwa kakhulu, kodwa ngezindleko kakhulu kudlula ezinye ezimbili zokuguqulwa. Akuwona wonke umthengi oyokwazi ukuchitha izinkulungwane eziningana kumlawuli wamandla kagesi wamanje wesigaba esisodwa. Izici zazo ngamunye sizozicabangela ngezansi.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu

Ngaphambi kokuthenga kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yimuphi umshini kagesi ubonakala inani lamandla adliwe. Leli xabiso likhonjiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi epulatifini kanye nasemadokhumeni ahambisanayo. Isibonelo, itanki elincane lokugcina lizothatha cishe 1.5 kW yamandla kusuka egridi; I-vacuum cleaner izodonsa wonke ama-3 kW; Futhi insimbi - cishe i-2 kW. Lona ungomthengi onamandla kakhulu endlini yanamuhla. Amathelevishini, amaphampu, ama-light, amakhompiyutha adinga ukuthi inani elithile lombane lisebenze. Kungani kubalulekile ukuqonda? Iphuzu liwukuthi umlawuli we-voltage single-phase okhethiwe kufanele akwazi ukudlula amandla adingekayo. Uma kungenjalo, akagcini nje ukuhluleka ukukhipha i-220 V edingekayo, kodwa yena ngokwakhe uyakwazi ukwehluleka. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuklama.

Ukukhethwa kwamandla

Uma kwenzeka isilawuli esisodwa esisodwa se-voltage ixhunyiwe ukuze sisebenzise idivayisi eyodwa (ikhompyutha, i-boiler, ipompo), kuyadingeka ukuqhathanisa amandla abo. Ngakho-ke, inani elishicilelwe ku-stabilizer kuma-Watts noma ama-kilowatts kufanele libe ngu-40-50% ephakeme kunokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi exhunyiwe.

Ukulingana okusheshayo akumukeleki! Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi uma amandla omgogodla awela ku-150 V, isilawuli esisodwa se-voltage regulator, nakuba siqhubeka sinikeze u-220% (+ -10%), kodwa le ndlela yokusebenza ilahlekelwa amandla ngesigamu. Imisho eqondile ayikwazi ukubizwa ngegama, ngoba inqunywe uhlobo lwe-transformer elisetshenzisiwe (i-toriid, i-Ш-i-core core), izici zabathengi, njll. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi isigaba esisodwa se-voltage regulator esingu-10 kW, esisebenza ku-150 V, singanikeza amandla kumishini kagesi enekhono eliphelele elingaphezulu 6 kW. Futhi izici ezimenyezelwe zifinyeleleka kuphela uma kwenzeka uma i-200-240 V inikezwa kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle. Nansi isici esinjalo.

Uma ngokusebenzisa idivaysi kuhlelwe ukondla indlu noma indlu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukugcina umthetho ofanayo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga it Kunconywa ukwenza uhlu lwemishini yombane, ukugqamisa okuvame ukusebenza ngesikhathi, bese uhlanganisa amandla. Ngokuvamile kuyoba ngu-30-50% yendlu yonke. Njengoba le parameter ithinta ngokuqondile izindleko zomkhiqizo, ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi amandla okusimama okumele akhethwe kufanele abe ngama-20% aphezulu kunenani elitholakalayo: lokhu kuyindlela yokuhweba phakathi kwezindleko namakhono.

Amandla aphelele futhi asebenzayo

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela incazelo yedivaysi, ngoba inani lamandla linganikezwa kokubili kilowatts (kW) ne-kilovolt-amperes (kVA). Ukucaciswa kwemishini kagesi yendlu kubalulekile ukuthi okokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umkhiqizi ubonise ukugcwele (kVA), cishe cishe singacabanga ukuthi i-active (kW) izoba ngu-30% ngaphansi. Lokhu kungukuthi, i-stabilizer ye-3 kVA ingadonsa imishini yasendlini ngenani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa okungaphezulu kuka-2 kW. Yiqiniso, ukubalwa kuyalingeka, futhi ezinye izici zingathonya, kodwa ngokuvamile zanele.

Njengoba sesivele sikhombise, ngaphezu kwamandla, isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke kunoma yikuphi ukuzinza ukuklama kwayo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, qiniseka ukuthi uyayinaka .

Indlela yokufaka

Izilawuli zamagesi ezizimele zendlu zingasetshenziselwa ukunikeza i-220 V esitebeleni kunoma iyiphi idivayisi eyodwa (isibonelo, umshini wokushisa oshisayo) noma eqenjini (indlu yonke). Yiqiniso, ukhetho lwesibili lungcono kakhulu, uma kunoma yiliphi igumbi lasekhaya lihlale lingu-220 V, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla enethiwekhi yangaphandle. Okungalungile ukuthi uma, isibonelo, isibonelo se-Watts "Resant" esingu-500, esifaneleke ukushisa, sithenga ama-ruble angu-1,700, bese-ke isilawuli se-voltage se-single-phase esingaba ngu-15 kV esilungele indlu yanamuhla, kuzodingeka unikeze abantu abangaba ngu-27 000 AmaRubles. Amazwana, mhlawumbe, angenakuqhathaniswa.

Dlulisa ama-Models

Ngokusho abanikazi abaningi, i-voltage best regulator regulator ilayishwa. It isekelwe transformer nge eziningana umjikelezo ukuqhuma. I-unit ekhethekile ye-elekthroniki ihlale iqhathanisa ukubaluleka kwemithamo engenayo nge-voltage reference ye 220 V futhi, uma idlula inani elithile, ivuselela ukushintshwa kwe-windings, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise noma iyanciphise inani eliphumelelayo kulokhu okukhiphayo. Lapho lezi zakhi zisebenza, ukuchofoza okuphawulekayo kuyazwakala. Inombolo yokudluliswa kwemali inquma inani lezigaba. Okungaphezulu kwabo, ukugudluza okulula.

Cabanga ukuthi lezi zithombe zisebenza kanjani. Ngesikhathi i-stabilizer ithola u-220 V (+ -10%), ukulungisa akukwenziwa. Kodwa i-voltage yehlile, ithi, ku-190 V. I-unit comparison ibona lokhu futhi iphendulela ukulayishwa, ngaleyo ndlela ihamba nge-windings, enezela i-30 V engekho emkhakheni. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola i-220 V. Lesi yisinyathelo esisodwa esishukumisayo.

Indlela efanayo iyasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo sokudonshulwa umehluko owodwa ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokuhamba zisetshenziswa. Uma kunezinyathelo eziningana, ukushintshela esibonelweni esicatshangelwayo kuzokwenzeka nje ngo-190 V kuphela, kepha futhi nasezindinganisweni eziphakathi. Izigaba ezengeziwe, ukushintshwa okungaphezulu, nokuhluka, ngokulandelana, kungaphansi kwe-30 okukhulunywe ngayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthola emkhathini njalo 220 V, hhayi 220 V (+ -10%). Ukujikelezwa kwe-voltage regulator yalesi siklamo kulula futhi kugcinwa, njengoba kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwemoto. Noma kunjalo, abanikazi bayiqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yokuchofoza komfanekiso walesi silasi kungcono ukungangeni emakamelweni lapho abantu behlala khona. Phakathi kwezixazululo zesabelomali, kodwa ezaneleyo zinganakwa imikhiqizo yezinkampani "Resanta", "Energy", "Voltaire."

Servo

Okuthakazelisayo okuncane kungamamodeli lapho kungekho khona izigaba ezishintshayo ngomqondo weklasi. Ngaphakathi kwamehlo enjalo, uhlelo olulula kakhulu lokuqhathanisa i-voltage yokufaka nge-value reference reference. Nge-windings ye-transformer, abaqoqi bamanje abaqhutshwa yi-motor encane kagesi bayasuswa: azikho ukuthunyelwa. Ukulungiswa kubushelelezi. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona izingxenye ezihambayo, ukwethenjelwa kuyaphansi kunezinguquko ze-elektroniki. Akuyona umhlangano omubi we-Rucelf SDW. Izithombe ze-Beech zalesi sigaba - ukuqhuma okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, uma imigqa yokuxhaswa kwenzeka ngenxa ye-welding, khona-ke i-servo-drive ukuguqulwa ngeke isetshenziswe. Kwamanye amacala, lezi ziqinisi zitholakale kakhulu, ngoba zisebenza ezinamandla kunokuba zilayishwe, futhi zibiza kancane kunezimboni.

Izilawuli eziphethwe

Okubiza kakhulu futhi okuphelele kunazo zonke kuyizinto eziqinisekisayo kuma-thyristors noma ama-triacs. Lezi zakhi ze-semiconductor zenza umsebenzi ofanayo no-relay - switchings windings. Njengoba kungekho izingxenye ezihambayo, ukwethenjelwa kuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokushintsha liyingxenye yesigamu. Lapho kukhona imali eyengeziwe, kunconywa ukuthenga amamodeli walesi silasi.

Inkinga yokuzikhethela

Umuntu oye wanquma ukuthenga isiqiniseko sekhaya ubhekene nolwazi oluningi oluphikisanayo. Isibonelo, ezitolo ezihlukene, imodeli efanayo inganikwa izici ezithathwe kusukela ephahleni. Ikakhulukazi mayelana nendlela yokulungisa. Ukufinyelela kusayithi lonjiniyela ngokuvamile kuvame ukudideka umthengi. Isibonelo, ama-relay models ajwayelekile angabizwa ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi i-electromechanical nge control electronic. Ngempela, ukujikelezwa kwamandla kagesi kuzo ukuthi i-unit comparison ibulawa kuma microcircuits. Iqiniso, kumnikazi wesikhathi esizayo, ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, akunandaba. Noma ukuheha abathengi, abanye abathengisi nabakhiqizi baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "digital". Ngokwenza njalo, lokhu kusho ukuthi leyunithi yokuqhathanisa iphinde isetshenziswe kabusha, futhi isibonakaliso sevolumu akuyona inkinobho, kodwa isibonisi esisodwa. Ingabe lesi sici sisebenza kahle emifanekisweni yezizukulwane ezedlule? Yebo, kuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe akukho phuzu lokukhokhisa ngokweqile isikhathi sefesimasi? Uma ukhetha isilondolozi, kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi into esemqoka kulawa madivayisi yindlela yokushintsha i-windings. Yiloluphawu oluthinta ukusebenza.

Uma ungabaza, kunconywa ukuba ubheke ngaphakathi kweso ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokuphuza umoya noma ucele ukuvula i-stabilizer ngokusebenzisa i-autotransformer bese udala ama-voltage. Uma ichofoza, ukulayishwa kuyashintsha. Ukushaywa okungazwakalayo - imoto kagesi isebenza, imodeli ye-servodrive. Yebo, ukuthula okuphelele kusho ukuthi izikhiye ze-elektroniki zifakwe ngaphakathi.

Uma sibiza abaholi, khona-ke singasho ukuthi inkampani "I-Energy" ikhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zokuqiniswa, okungaqondiswa ngempendulo yabanikazi. Kodwa imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi baseChina akuzona njalo ezingeni: ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo evela ku-Forte kuyinothi. Abanye basebenza iminyaka, abanye bashisa ngenyanga.

Umbuzo wexabiso

Akwanele ukunquma amandla okudingekayo kanye nendlela yokuxhumana (ukuhlanza uhlelo olulodwa noma iqembu labo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yomkhiqizo ibalulekile. Imakethe inikeza inamba enkulu yeziqinisi ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Futhi ngokwendlela yokuklama, ngokuvamile emgqeni womkhiqizo ngamunye kunamamodeli azo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu. Ngenxa yalokhu kungcono kunzima ukukhetha i-voltage regulator regulator. Isibonelo, umthengi oyedwa ufuna ukuthola idivayisi enokwethenjelwa, okukhulunywa ngayo, iminyaka eminingi. Ukhetha ukuhluka kobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, isilawuli esisodwa se-voltage regulator "Resant" ene-electronic control control ASN-8000/1-C noma i- "Energy classic" enekhono lika-7500 W, okuzokhokha ngalo ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-25. Omunye uthanda imodeli ye-Voltron RSN-8000, esekelwe ekuthunguleni okubiza okungenani - cishe abayizinkulungwane ezingu-12. Yebo, othile uzothanda intengo ye-servo "entsha Line-10000", eyi-ruble engu-16 000.

Ukubuyekeza

Enye indlela yokukhetha ukuqiniswa kwekhwalithi ukutadisha imibono yabantu asebevele basebenze ngemodeli ethile. Ngakho, ukuthengwa okuhle kakhulu, ngokubasebenzisi, yi-Forte TVR-3000. Amandla asebenzayo angaba ngu-2.2 kW, nakuba izintaba zivunyelwe 3 kW. Lolu uhlobo oluthile oluthile olwenziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho-ke kungcono ukulifaka ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala (isibonelo, emgodini noma ekhishini). Ukubuyekeza kubonisa ukuthi amandla akwanele indlu encane. Izici zifaka izinkinga ezithile uma usebenza emotheni eyanda. Okusho ukuthi, abantu abahlala eduze ne -transformer-down-down, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthenga le model.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlanza indlu yonke ngemodeli ngezinyathelo zokushintsha komshini, ngakho-ke, ngokwezibuyekezo, iVolter HL-9 yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu. Le stabilizer yenzelwe i-9 kW, eyenzelwe ukufakwa kwodonga. Utholile futhi unokwethenjelwa. Inezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Uma kunesidingo, amandla okushisa, ikhompiyutha, i-TV kanye nezinye izinto zokuthenga izinto eziphansi ezincane zeluleka ukuba zithenge i-Sven Neo R-500 encane. Isebenza kahle, ukuchofoza okulayishiwe kungacaceki. Awekho ama-voltmeters, kodwa lokhu kubuyiselwa izindleko eziphansi (cishe ama-ruble angu-1000).

Yebo, isheke eliphelele lifanelwe imodeli kusuka ku "Resant". Abakhulu babo emakethe. Noma kunjalo, iphesenti yezicelo zokulungisa izitolo ziphakeme kunezinye. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi abadwebi baseShayina bafunde ukukhipha amakhophi angaphandle angaphandle. Yingakho ku-model ye-ACH-8000/1-EM engcono kakhulu engakwazi ukuhluleka ngokushesha, kodwa ibukeka ihlukile kunomkhiqizi.