Zinhlobo Catadromous futhi anadromous zezinhlanzi: izici zabo futhi olwenzeka endaweni

Umhlaba abakhileyo ezilwandle, izilwandle, imifula kanye namachibi wehlukile kakhulu. Ososayensi zaba imvelo okunosawoti azungeze 12,000 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, nasemanzini agelezayo amadamu - eduze 6800 amakhophi. Ngokuvamile, kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi uthuthe njalo: kusukela emifuleni, waphonseka elwandle, kusukela elwandle kuze kube emfuleni. Abanye bakwenza kanye ngonyaka, abanye nsuku zonke. Okudingayo kuyinto ezihambayo futhi ngasiphi izinhlobo ihlukaniswe bonke bayaphila esiliva ezifudukayo? Abaningi wezwa ngalokho okwenzeka ku anadromous, catadromous futhi emingceleni yamazwe ikakhulu esifundeni zinhlobo izinhlanzi. On kubo kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana nokuthutha inhlanzi

Thuthela (izinhlanzi ezifudukayo) zihluke umnyango omunye kulabo unekhono ukubhukuda isikhashana ezilwandle, futhi enye ingxenye - ku thutheleka fula siwahlole. Ezinye izinhlanzi ezifudukayo uhambe kalula endleleni eya Freshwater izindawo (zinhlobo izinhlanzi anadromous), kanye neminye - phezu kolwandle (ngabanye catadromous). Eziningi zalezi ukuhwebelana amabanga amade. ukufuduka enjalo ephathelene ne-noma ukukhiqizwa kokudla, noma zizalela.

Anadromous futhi catadromous zinhlobo izinhlanzi anezici zabo, ezihlobene izinguquko amanzi usawoti. Ithuthela, abantu abanjalo ufuna indawo evumayo sokuthuthukiswa gazinga kokudla. Ngo ushintsho komunye naphakathi kwenye ibusa eziningi amandla futhi kukhona zonke izinhlobo izithiyo: izimpophoma, Rapids, ngesivinini ukugeleza. Kuze kube yimanje, i-ngokusebenzisa abantu abadala kudingeka buthelela reserve izinto ngesimo amafutha. Eziningi ezifudukayo izinhlanzi ukufa ulindela ngemva zidala, futhi abanye nabo eziyizimbangela ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lezi nenhlanzi isihloko esibalulekile ngokuba namalungelo okudoba futhi amandla izilwane ezithile.

anadromy eyaziwa

zinhlobo Anadromous zezinhlanzi ngoba zidala of imvelo yasolwandle ushukumiseleka ukuba fresh. Laba bameleli be-evelele kunazo kukhona salmon, i-herring, Sturgeon. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu salmon ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. Abadala bangase bahlole 6kg futhi ube ubude cm 60. Zidala uchitha emifuleni Japan Peninsula Primorye, ukubhema, Sakhalin. Lo mbono kubonakala sengathi ukukhanyisa emanzini emfuleni, bese ukubhukuda abantu olwandle, lapho ichitha khona kusukela eminyakeni 1 kuya 6. Ngemva kwalokho, buyela endaweni olwenzeka endaweni yokuqala, eziyizimbangela futhi bafe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ukunyakaza yenzeka ukugeleza imifula.

The Black futhi Azov futhi samanje zinhlobo izinhlanzi anadromous, ezifana herring. Ukuze uthuthele, bebhukuda emifuleni delta European. Anadromous heats ukwenza Sturgeon, lamprey futhi carp. Uhlu anadromous zinhlobo izinhlanzi ubuyise Shad, trout, stickleback emithathu spined. Kusukela abameleli owaziwa carp kungenziwa ngokuthi krasnoporok-UGAI.

Ngaphandle-salmon, nomele ezingavamile we lamprey. Sitholakala eVolga delta. Spawns e kamenistnyh futhi izindunduma zesihlabathi. anadromom abadumile kakhulu kuyinto Sturgeon. Cishe ihlala ezilwandle Omnyama, iCaspian kanye Azov ezilwandle, spawns ku iVolga, Ural, Kura.

Anadromous komunye umuntu Omnyama futhi iCaspian iziLwandle ukhonza spike. Akakwazi ukushiya eminyakeni embalwa emfuleni. Ukuze lolu hlobo futhi zihlanganisa chum, salmon, ama-salmon emhlophe, ama-salmon emhlophe. Ezinye izinhlanzi kufuduka diurnal emfuleni i-surface kormozhki (ebusuku), futhi emini bebuyela imvelo okunosawoti.

abameleli katadromov

Omele bhá zezinto eziphilayo catadromous kuyinto ugrovyh umndeni (umbokwane). amaqanda ayo akwazi ukuhamba olwandle oluvulekile izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Khona-ke zisebenza ogwini Yurophu, lapho bebhukuda emfuleni futhi baqala ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Umbokwane ukuthandwa imisinga enamandla phansi udaka noma sandy. Phawula it is nzima kakhulu, ntambama, efihla e Burrows noma ngaphansi amatshe. Ngezinye ilanga lishona, ephuma yokucasha wakhe indawo. Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe umbokwane European uchitha imvelo angenasawoti.

inhlanzi emingceleni yamazwe ikakhulu esifundeni

Abantu ababephila nokubingelela, indawo ezivamile kwezomnotho, eyaziwa ngokuthi cross-border. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi semi anadromous ezihlala ezindaweni okunosawoti, blizprilegayuschey emilanjeni kanye eziyizimbangela emanzini angenawo usawoti amadamu. Lezi zihlanganisa bream, carp. Esikhathini Sea Azov kanye ne-Aral Sea, North iCaspian atholakala Pike, roach, roach.

zinhlobo izinhlanzi Anadromous yoLwandle iCaspian

Kugcizelela nge yayo ukwehluka zomhlaba abahlala we iCaspian umcengezi. Hlangana lapha gobies encane kakhulu futhi abameleli giant - Beluga. Salmon futhi lamprey, sihambele naseKourou ziyozalela, ngokuvamile yindlala. Ukuze izinhlanzi anadromous ezizungeze zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: salmon, ama-salmon ezimhlophe, Sturgeon, ameva Sturgeon. Ngiyabahlonipha olwandle Pike perch, Pike, eyikati, carp, carp kanye lase-Amur omhlophe.

Sturgeons ukufinyelela ingenkulu kakhulu, kodwa kukhona abantu abaye waphila eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-30. Ezinye stellate Sturgeon e yoLwandle iCaspian kuze kufinyelele 40 kg isisindo. Kodwa-salmon olwandle wabanjwa sincipha isibalo sawo. inhlanzi Okubalulekile ukubamba nansi Pike. Ingxenye enkulu catch kuyinto Rudd atholakala emadwaleni, embozwe izimila obukhulu.

Ukuvikelwa zezinhlanzi ezifudukayo

Hatcheries babé ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ezifudukayo. izitshalo ezinjalo zivame Kwakhiwa amadamu at imilomo nemifula emikhulu. Izinsikazi zibanjwa futhi eyayenziwe inseminated. Ngemva egqamisa amathole yakhe igcinwe amachibi akhethekile. Ngemva gazinga zikhule, bathunyelwa ichibi ekhethekile noma emfuleni. I-Russian hatcheries izigidigidi gazinga etshalwa ngonyaka. yakhiqizwa Ngakho futhi abuyiselwe zinhlobo eyigugu kakhulu anadromous zezinhlanzi: Sturgeon ne-salmon. Ezinye bekwi ukutshalwa perch futhi whitefish.

zokudoba Russian we iVolga noDon wamisa inhlanzi ukukhiqizwa-kwaguqulwa: bream futhi carp. I gazinga ezidla izitshalo ezifana ne izifunzo zemvelo noma zokwenziwa.