Uyini umdlavuza we-trachea? Izimpawu, ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-tracheal

Izicubu ze-incological in the trachea aziveli kaningi. Ngokuvamile, bafunyanwa emadodeni angama-40-60 ubudala. Kwabesifazane, umdlavuza we-trachea kwenzeka kancane kancane. Ezinganeni, ama-neoplasms ku-trachea ayenama-90% amacala.

I-Trachea. Isakhiwo nencazelo

Okokuqala, ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini esengozini, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yi-trachea ngokwayo. I-tube, ubude bayoba ngu-11 cm, ububanzi bungaphezu kuka-3 cm. Ukuqala kwe-trachea kungaphansi kwe-larynx, khona-ke isitho ngemuva kwe-sternum sehla. I-trachea ihlukaniswe ngama-tubes amabili, okuthiwa i-bronchi.

Isakhiwo se-trachea yizinsimbi ezingu-18-22 ezinamazinyo ezinamandla. Ingemuva kwendandatho ngayinye igcwele imisipha kanye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Ingaphakathi le-trachea ihlanganiswe nekhanda elimangalisa. Lapho i-inhalation i-trachea ikhula futhi iba yinde, ekuphumuleni-kuthatha usayizi ojwayelekile.

Ingane inesayizi encane kakhulu yokudoba. Iqala ngamasentimitha amane, futhi njengoba ukhula.

Izinhlobo zezicubu

I-Neoplasms ingaba yinhle emvelweni. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

1. I-Chondroma. Lokhu kuyakheka okuqinile kwe-nodular emasongweni omuthi we-tracheal. Indawo evame kakhulu yendawo yendawo i-larynx.
2. Hemangioma. Yakhiwa ama-capillary tissue ngokweqile.
3. I-Papilloma. Ama-neoplasms abangelwa i-papillomavirus yabantu. Ngokubukeka kufana nekholifulawa. Inkinga evame kakhulu ehlangene ebuntwaneni.

Ekhuluma ngezinkinga zesimiso sokuphefumula, ngokuvamile ukukhumbula umdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-trachea oncology ithinta kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zezifo ezilandelayo zikhona lapha:

1. I-Cylinder. Ukwanda okulimazayo kwamangqamuzana e-epithelial wezingqungquthela ezimangalisa. Inselele enkulu ukuthambekela kokuphindaphinda kanye nemetastasis. Lo mdlavuza we-trachea uqala kancane kancane. Isiguli singaphila nesisu ngenxa yeminyaka engama-5. Kwakukhona nezimo zenkambo ende yaleso sifo.
2. I-Squamous cell carcinoma. Lesi sifo sivela odongeni olusenyakatho noma olusemva kwe-trachea. Umdlavuza we-trachea owaziwa ngamacala angu-50% ukhuluma ngalolu hlobo. Kukhona ukuxilongwa ngokocansi. Iziguli ezivame ukwedlula zonke zingabantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-40. Isikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa yiminyaka engu-1-2.
3. I-Sarcoma. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlala endaweni ye-trachea. Kunzima ukuxilonga, ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ngezigaba kamuva.

Kulezi zicubu ezivamile ezingavamile, zikhona i-carcinoids, i-reticulosarcomas, i-neurofibromas, i-lymphogranulomatosis nabanye.

Izici ezicasulayo

Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela umdlavuza we-trachea. Izibonakaliso zalezi zifo azibuki zisongela, kodwa zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile odokotela. Ngakho, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuvuvukala okujwayelekile, kungase kuvele izibazi ezidala ukucindezela (stenosis) we- trachea. Uma i-endoscopy ingenzi ngesikhathi, isifo sofuba esingahle singakhula.

Kwamanye iziguli, isiteshi esixhuma i-trachea nesigxu siqala ngokungavamile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-fistula ibonakala, ibangela izinkinga zamaphaphu ne-tracheal. Njengengozi yengozi yizidumbu ezingaphandle eziwela emthonjeni.

Umdlavuza we-tracheal ungathuthuka ngenxa yokwehlisa kwezicubu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-tracheomalacia. Ukukhubazeka ngokuvamile kubhekisela ezinhlotsheni zokuzala, futhi kudinga ukuqapha njalo. Abantu abadala bahlushwa yi-trachea ye-tishu esithambile ngenxa yokubhema isikhathi eside.

Akuvumelekile ukungazinaki isihluthulelo se-tracheal. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, futhi kususa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-oncology. Ukuthukuthela kusetshenziselwa ukuqeda inkinga yobungozi.

Izimpawu zenkambiso yezinto eziphilayo

Umdlavuza we-tracheal, izimpawu nezibonakaliso zazo okunzima ukuzinquma ekuqaleni, kunezibonakaliso ezivame futhi ezihlukile. Kuzici ezijwayelekile, ngezifo ezingokwemvelo, zifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukushisa kwehla;
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu;
• Ukwephulwa kwesifiso;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ekuphileni.

Izimpawu zendawo

Okucacile, okuthiwa ukubonakaliswa kwendawo, okunikeza umdlavuza we-trachea yizimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sikhula izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezi-8:

1. Ukubukeka kokuphefumula. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi kukhona imfundo enciphisa ukukhanya kwe-trachea.
2. Isimo sokuphelelwa amandla. Uvela endaweni yokulala, ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma ukulala. Kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isiguli singazizwa sikhululekile kuphela uma sihlezi.
3. Ukukhwehlela okunomile oqinile. Isibonakaliso singabonakala njengesibonakaliso se-bronchitis noma i-asthma, kodwa ayiphenduli ekwelapheni. Isikhukhula siqinisa uma isimo somzimba sishintsha.
4. Ukususa isikhuphuka ngephunga. Isibonakaliso sesigaba sekwephuzile, esibonisa ukubola kwesisu.
5. Kunzima ukugwinya. Izimpawu zesisu ngemuva kwe-trachea. I-Neoplasm ikhula ibe yisisindo, iphuza ukudla.
6. Izinguquko zezwi. Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kubonisa ukuthi izinzwa eziphindaphindiwe ziyathinteka.
7. Memeza ekuphefumuleni. Kubonakala ngokuphuza noma ukuphuma.
8. Kunzima ngokuphefumula. Ekuqaleni kwenqubo, i-trachea iyakwazi ukwandisa ngokuphefumlelwe, kodwa ngezinye izinkinga. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesisu esinomdlavuza - ubunzima abuhambanga nje nge-inhalation, kepha futhi kuphuma umoya.

Ngamunye walezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi udokotela, ngakho-ke kudingeka adluliselwe ekuxilongweni.

Izigaba zomdlavuza

Izinyathelo zomdlavuza we-trachea, kanye nezinye izinqubo ze-incological, zinqunywe ngokuya ngobukhulu be-tumor, ukutholakala kwe-metastases, uhlobo lokulimala kwezicubu. Ingqikithi kunezinyathelo ezine:

1. Ubukhulu be-tumor bufinyelela ku-3 cm. Akukho metastasis.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesisu kuze kufike ku-6 cm.
3. I-neoplasm ingaphezu kuka-6 cm. I-tumor ibangela ushintsho emahlokheni azungezile. Kukhona izidakamizwa.
4. I-tumor ikhula ngokungalawuleki ngaphandle komzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-metastases, izitho ezikude ukusuka endaweni yangakini zingathinteka.

Esigabeni sokuqala, umdlavuza we-trachea (isithombe) ubonakala ungesabi kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo esincane noma ama-nodule, angathonywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ukuphakama kwesiteji sentuthuko, kunzima kakhulu ukuphathwa kwesisu. Yingakho uma kubonakala ukuthi izimpawu ze-neoplasm zivela, kufanele ufune ngokushesha iseluleko nosizo. Esigabeni sesine, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isiguli.

Ukwelapha

Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza we-trachea zixhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Udokotela kufanele ahlele uhlobo lwesisu, aveze usayizi wawo, anqume isigaba sokuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yesiguli, nesimo sakhe sezempilo ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale i-oncology. Lapho ukubona izicubu, kokubili okubi futhi ezinobungozi, ukhetho oluhle lokukwelashwa lungususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu lesi sitatimende kungenxa yezingubo zokudla, ubukhulu bawo obuthatha okungaphansi kwengxenye yobukhulu be-trachea. Uma kungenzeka, ngemuva kokwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo, ingxenye elahlekile ye-trachea ibuyiselwe.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-trachea akunikezi imiphumela ephumelelayo. Ezimweni ezingenakuphulukiswa, i-chemotherapy ehlangene ne-added nge-carboplatin noma i-nedaplatin kanye nokuvezwa kwemisebe ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenziwa. Amacala omuntu ngamunye wesifo avumela i-brachytherapy kuphela.

Uma i-tumor ingakwazi ukususwa, umoya womoya unwetshwa ngethubhu yokufakelwa efakwe ngaphakathi kwe-trachea. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-trachyronchronic stent yenqubo yokuphefumula.

Indlela yokwenza ukuxilongwa

Ngokuvamile, iziguli ziqinisekile ukuthi ziphendukela kudokotela ngeqhwa elide, i-bronchitis noma i-asthma. Uma udokotela ethola isizathu sokungabaza isimo sesiguli, wabeka izivivinyo ezengeziwe. Ngokuvamile lezi yizinqubo ezilandelayo:

1. I-Laryngoscopy, okwenza kube lula ukuthola i-neoplasm engxenyeni engenhla ye-trachea.
2. I-Tracheotomy, evumela ukuhlungwa okuncane ukuhlola isimo sangaphakathi se-trachea.
3. I-X-ray ngokuphambene, ukucacisa indawo ye-tumor.
4. I-biopsy, ehlanganisa ukuthola isampula yezishukela ze-hertology ne-cytology.

Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, i-MRI noma i-CT scan isenziwa.

I-prophylaxis yomdlavuza we-trachea

Ukuvimbela noma yisiphi isifo kulula kunokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe nomqondo wokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-HPV emzimbeni, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi elisengozini yokuguguquka ibe yinkqubo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ngokuzithandela ukuyeka ukubhema, ikakhulukazi emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane, lapho umzimba uphendula ngokuthe ngqo ekuthonyekeni kwangaphandle. Ukubhema ngokweqile kubantu abaye babhekana nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu kwama-neoplasms amahle kungukusebenza komzimba, ukuhamba, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo ngaphandle kokucindezela, ukudla okunomsoco nokugcina indlela ethile yokuphila.

Kubalulekile ukuthukuthela nokufeza ukuvimbela i-bronchitis ne-asthma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, thola futhi uphathe izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula. Kanye ngonyaka, wonke umuntu kufanele ahambele udokotela ovimbela ukuthi, uma esolwa ukuthi unezifo, uzothumela kuchwepheshe ofanelekayo.

Ukubikezela kwezokwelapha

Ukuze wenze ukubikezela ukuthi ululame, udokotela kufanele acabangele izici eziningi. Isakhiwo sakhe semfundo yezemfundo, izinga lokukhishwa kwe-lumen ye-trachea, ukuthambekela kokuphindaphinda, ukunganakwa kwenqubo kuhlolwa. Naphezu kokuthi umdlavuza we-trachea uyingozi kakhulu, kanti ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ululame.

Uma isiguli sinokusola ngomdlavuza we-trachea, izimpawu, izimpawu kufanele zifundwe. Isiguli kufanele sihlolwe, emva kwalokho udokotela uzokwazi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi enze ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusencane, ngokuphumelelayo.