Umsebenzi Malevich BakaJehova kule minyaka edlule: incazelo, isithombe

Malevich imisebenzi zibonisa ezinye izenzo evelele kunazo zonke art abstract ezikhathini zanamuhla. Umsunguli we Suprematism, umculi Russian nawaseSoviet okwaqala ngayo emhlabeni yobuciko umlando Umdwebo "Black Square", kodwa kuphela kulo msebenzi, umsebenzi wakhe akagcini lapho. Nge imisebenzi edume kakhulu umculi Letingcikitsi kumele kube kuleto yilowo nalowo cultured.

Theorists kanye nodokotela yobuciko wesimanje

umsebenzi Malevich zibonisa ngokucacile isimo emphakathini ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Umdwebi wazalwa eKiev ngo-1879.

Ngokusho indaba sakhe siqu ngokungcweliswa ibhuku ngempilo yakhe embukisweni umphakathi umdwebi kwaqala ngo eKursk e 1898, nakuba bungekho ubufakazi obubhalwe ngoba Nalokhu akuzange kwembulwe.

Ngo-1905 wazama ukungena School BaseMoscow Painting. Nokho, ayizange yamukelwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, eKursk Malevich wahlala nomndeni - nomkakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe Zgleyts Casimir. Ezimpilweni zabo siqu uqhekeko, ngakho musa ngisho langena, Malevich wayengafuni ukuya emuva eKursk. Umdwebi bazinza Lefortovo ku zindlani kwezobuciko. UMbuso omkhulu endlini umdwebi Kurdyumova wahlala abadwebi mayelana 300. Malevich wayephila esikhathini zindlani izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene nezintela eliphansi kakhulu, imali saphelelwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kwakusekuningi ukuze ubuyele eKursk.

Ekugcineni, Malevich kuhanjiswe ku Moscow kuphela ngo-1907. Uma elapho, wayeya amakilasi by Fedora Rerberga. Ngo-1910 waqala iqhaza embukisweni yokuzihlanganisa okudala ekuseni avant-garde , "Jack Diamonds." Isithombe baqala ukuvela owanikhipha udumo ngamazwe nokubonwa.

"Suprematist Ukwakheka"

Ngo-1916, umsebenzi Malevich aziwayo kakade enhloko-dolobha kahle impela. "Suprematist Ukwakheka" livela ngesikhathi. Kulotshiwe amafutha on ngendwangu. Ngo-2008-ke wadayiswa endalini, "Sotheby sika" $ 60 million.

Ngesikhathi endalini sibekezelele izindlalifa wakhe umdwebi. Ngo-1927, kwathiwa ukuboniswa embukisweni Berlin.

Ekuvulweni igalari yayimelelwe Malevich yayo yena, kodwa ngokushesha kwadingeka abuyele, ngoba iziphathimandla zaseSoviet akazange ukuvuselela i-visa yakhe phesheya. Zonke umsebenzi kwakudingeka ahambe. Kwakukhona mayelana 70 wemfanelo waqokwa wezakhiwo German Hugo Haring. Malevich kwakulindeleke ukuba abuyele netitfombe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kodwa phesheya ngeke baphinde ikhishwe.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, Haring lidlule wonke umsebenzi Malevich, owagcina eminyakeni yakhe abaningi emzini Amsterdam Museum (owaziwa nangokuthi Steleleyk Museum). Hering isiphethe isivumelwano, owawuthi minyaka Museum kwadingeka ukuba engu-12 ukumkhokhela ethile. Ekugcineni, ngemva nje kokufa umakhi, izihlobo zakhe, akhiphe ifa, sathola yonke lemali ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho, "Suprematist Ukwakheka" hit izisekelo Amsterdam City Museum.

Izindlalifa Malevich wathatha imizamo ukubuyisela imidwebo, kusukela 70-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka. Kodwa abaphumelelanga.

Ngo-2002 kuphela, 14 imisebenzi kusukela Amsterdam Museum banikezwe embukisweni "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." Wawuthatha e -Guggenheim Museum e-US. Malevich izindlalifa, abanye babo abayizakhamuzi Melika, bafaka icala ngokumelene Museum Dutch. Igalari Guide waqhubeka isivumelwano owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala. Ngokusho imiphumela 5 36 imidwebo ngu umculi babebuyela inzalo yakhe. Kunalokho izindlalifa wenqaba izimangalo ezengeziwe.

Lesi sithombe namanje Umdwebo eqolo ngomculi Russian wake wadayiswa endalini.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" by Malevich ingenye kakhulu bakhuluma ngemisebenzi. Kuyingxenye umjikelezo we imisebenzi umculi, anikezelwe Suprematism. Kule nkulumo wachaza ukuthi uhlole izici eziyisisekelo ukwakheka kanye ukukhanya. Ngaphezu isikwele, ngenxa yesimo samanje triptych mdwebo "Black Cross" futhi "Black Circle".

Ukudweba Malevich wabhala ngo-1915. Wawenziwa for embukisweni yokugcina Futurists. umsebenzi Malevich sika ngesikhathi "0,10" ngo-1915 ziye hung, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, in the "ekhoneni elibomvu". Endaweni lapho okuhlatshelwa khona isithonjana yafakwa "Black Square" is ngokwesiko elenga maqhugwane Russian. Oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke futhi isithombe esibi kunazo emlandweni Umdwebo Russian.

Lemitsatfu lebalulekile Suprematist bobunjwa - square, esiphambanweni mbuthano, imfundiso yokuziphendukela art kubhekwa benchmark ukufukula inkinga ngokwengeziwe lonke Suprematist uhlelo. Kukithi esikhathini esizayo bazalwa amafomu amasha Suprematist.

Abacwaningi abaningi umculi wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze uthole inguqulo yasekuqaleni isithombe, ukuba ukuvalelwa ngaphansi ungqimba phezulu upende. Ngakho, ama-X-ray ukuthi kwenziwe 2015. Ngenxa yalokho, it wakwazi ukuhlukanisa izithombe ezimbili umbala, okuyinto yayisezintabeni ngendwangu efanayo. It ekuqaleni ungenisa kubofuturisticheskogo ukwakheka ngenhla liphinde protosuprematicheskaya. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho yonke wagcwalisa black kvardrat.

Ososayensi futhi uyakwazi ukuwuqonda okucashunwe lapho umculi oshiywe ngendwangu. Lawa ngamazwi "Battle of bangamaNigro emhumeni omnyama", okuyinto ubheke abadumile art ochwepheshe ezinombala ofanayo umkhiqizo Alfonsa Alle, okuyinto edala e 1882.

Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane igama lo mbukiso, okuyinto luboniswe umsebenzi Malevich. Izithombe kusukela vernissage angasahlelwa elatholakala enqolobaneni ubudala namajenali yesikhathi. Ukuba khona kwamadijithi 10 ukhombise inombolo esivezwa iqhaza Abahleli. Kodwa lutho wathi ngalokho kuyoba obala "ibhokisi elimnyama" okuyinto, ngokusho umbhali, uya zenza konke kube zero.

ezintathu isikwele

Ngaphezu "Black Square" ngemisebenzi Malevich babehlale bekhona abambalwa kulezi ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Yebo, futhi "Black Square" waqale unxantathu elula. Wayengenaso engeli esiqinile kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa kuphela geometry kuba quadrangle, hhayi isikwele. Art mlando zithi konke akulona ukunganaki nombhali, futhi abakulelo isimiso. Malevich wazama ukwakha ukuma esiphelele, okuyinto kungaba ngempela ashukumisayo neselula.

Futhi, kukhona ezimbili imisebenzi by Malevich - izikwele. Lona "Red Square" futhi "Esimhlophe". Umdwebo "Red Square" yabukiswa e-avant-garde embukisweni "0,10". Isikwele esimhlophe wabonakala ngo-1918. Nakuba umsebenzi Malevich, isithombe okuyinto namuhla kunoma iyiphi ebhukwinitifundvo yobuciko, uhlangabezana esiteji "amhlophe" inkathi Suprematism.

"Mystic Suprematism"

Kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1922, Malevich ayelungisa mdwebo "Mystic Suprematism." It is eyaziwa ngokuthi "isiphambano abamnyama kwi okusaqanda ebomvu." Canvas ababethi amafutha on ngendwangu. Kwathiwa sathengiswa endalini, "Sotheby sika" cishe izinkulungwane 37 zamaRandi.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, Umdwebo kulandela isiphetho "Suprematist design", okusho isivele watshela. Wabuye uvele amaqoqo Museum of Amsterdam, futhi kuphela emva kokwelashwa Malevich wezindlalifa inkantolo, bakwazi ukuthola futhi indlela okungenani ingxenye imidwebo.

"Suprematism. 18 design"

Umsebenzi we Malevich, izithombe nge amagama okuyinto ingatholakala kunoma iyiphi amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi umlando yobuciko, captivate futhi bahlanganyele ukunakwa.

Enye imidwebo ezithakazelisayo - umdwebo, Ibhalwe ngo-1915 "Suprematism 18 ukwakhiwa.". Ngesikhathi endalini, "Sotheby sika" yayibizwa ithengiswe ku 2015 ngoba cishe $ 34 million. Wabuye uvele ezandleni izindlalifa umdwebi sika ngemuva kokuphela kwesivivinyo ne-Amsterdam City Museum.

Esinye isithombe, okuyinto waphula Dutch baba "Suprematism: olunothile okwangempela footballer mass Colorful ku ubukhulu sesine.". Useke wathola umnini wayo ngo-2011. It itholwe yi-Institute of Art Chicago ngenani akafunanga ukudalula umphakathi. Kodwa umsebenzi ngo-1913 - "Desk futhi Room" kuyabonakala Umbukiso enkulu Malevich e igalari Madrid "Tate". Futhi umdwebo embukisweni ngokungaziwa. Lokho kwakusho ukuthi kumelwe abagqugquzeli - alucacile. Phela, lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho umnikazi we ngendwangu weqiniso ufuna ukuhlala bengaziwa, wamemezela ukuthi Umdwebo eqoqweni yangasese. Iphinde isebenzisa amagama abekwe ngayo bahluke.

"Suprematist Ukwakheka"

Umsebenzi we Malevich, incazelo ozosithola kulesi sihloko uzokunika banombono ephelele futhi ecacile ephathelene nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, iphethini "Suprematist Ukwakheka" yadalwa 1919-1920. Ngo-2000, ngesikhathi endalini, "UPhillips" ke ithengiswe for $ 17 million.

Le ndlela, ngokungafani kuya langaphambilini, ngemva Ukuhamba Malevich kusukela Berlin kokuphindela eSoviet Union, wahlala e-Germany. Ngo-1935, kwakusijabulisa ukuba umqondisi we-US-New York Museum of Modern Art, u-Alfred 'uBarr. iminyaka engu-20, yena usimisile e-United States ngo kohlaka kwami embukisweni othi "Cubism futhi Abstract Art". Iqiniso lokuthi isithombe kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha khipha - eJalimane ngesikhathi amaNazi liqala ukubusa, umsebenzi Malevich sika ewa umusa. abaphathi bakhe amaNazi libhekisela isampula ka "art ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye." umqondisi lokuqala Hanover Museum blade afihlekile engaphansi kwakhe, wabe esenikeza ngasese Barry, owayeze umsebenzi eyigugu kakhulu e-United States.

Ngo-1999, Museum e-New York usebuyele izindlalifa Malevich lesi sithombe bese eziningana imisebenzi yakhe ingcaca.

Self-portrait umdwebi

Ngo-1910, Malevich ngesineke sakhe self-portrait. Kuyinto omunye ezintathu zakhe self-portraits, ngesineke phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi agcinwa ezinye ezimbili iminyuziyamu zendawo. Lezi imisebenzi Malevich ku Tretyakov Igalari kungabonwa.

Esesithathu self-portrait wadayiswa endalini. Ekuqaleni wayephikisa eqoqweni eyimfihlo Georgiya Kostaki. Ngo-2004, ngesikhathi endalini, "Christie" e-London, self-portrait wathola umnini wayo ngoba amakhilogremu 162.000 nje. Zonke, ngoba eminyakeni 35 ezayo, inani layo kunyuke ngo-35 izikhathi. Kakade 2015, ngendwangu wadayiswa endalini, "Sotheby sika" cishe 9 ama-dollar ayisigidi. Ngempela, inzuzo ngezimali.

"INhloko ongumlimi"

Uma sihlaziya umsebenzi Malevich iminyaka, kungenzeka ukusungula mkhuba ocacile ohambisana okuyinto ukubona ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uye savela.

Isibonelo engokomfanekiso le - isithombe "iNhloko nabalimi abancane," ebhalwe ngo-1911. Ngo-2014, ngesikhathi endalini, "Sotheby sika" eLondon waya zidayiswe ukuze 3.5 million dollars.

Ngokokuqala ngqá izethameli wabona Umdwebo by Malevich ngo-1912 ethi "Tail Imbongolo sika" embukisweni, okuyinto kwakuhlelwa Natalia Goncharova futhi Mihailom Larionovym. Ngemva kwalokho, wahlanganyela embukisweni zonke eBerlin ngo-1927. Khona-ke walunika Malevich Hugo Hering. Kakade kusukela kuye ke wadlula ifa kumkakhe nendodakazi yakhe. Hering izindlalifa ithengiswe Umdwebo kuphela ngo-1975, ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

I-Russian Museum

Umsebenzi we Malevich e Russian Museum ayetfulwanga kahle kakhulu. Lapha, mhlawumbe, kungenxa ukuqoqwa ezinonileyo imisebenzi yakhe. Ngu umsebenzi lo wezinguquko kanye uthisha ziphathwe hlonipho, imidwebo yakhe ukwabela izindawo isikhundla esihlonipheke kunazo zonke.

Sekukonke, ezimalini Museum Russian namuhla kukhona abangaba ngu-100 imidwebo, plus ihluzo engengaphansi kwengu-40. Eziningi zalezi datings entsha. esinembile. Ohlukile nokuqoqwa, esethulwa eMihlanganweni Yesigodi ethi Russian Museum, namanje e yokuthi umsebenzi akuyona nje eziningi Basaba ukumboza ehlukahlukene yasakazwa kungenzeka yomsebenzi wakhe. Kwethulwa njengoba imisebenzi ekuseni, cishe ukuhlolwa kuqala yokudweba ekumeni namaqiniso futhi kamuva, okuyinto ayiboni shayela umdwebi ngubani zaveza "Black Square".

ukufa umdwebi sika

Kazimir Malevich wafa eLeningrad ngo-1935. Ngokwentando yakhe, umzimba ibekwe suprematic lomngcwabo emele isiphambano izingalo eyeluliweyo futhi sebefile.