Painting: Renaissance. Ukudala abaculi Italian Yenguquko

Renaissance - lihunyushwe lisuselwa French kusho "Ukuzalwa kabusha". It is ngakho okuthiwa inkathi yonke, elimelela izimbali nabanengqondo futhi bokubeka isiko European. Imvuselelo wazalelwa e-Italy ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV futhi yayina kakhulu ekhulwini XVI, afikelwe ngenkathi lantambama ukwehla kwamasiko kanye yokujama tsi (kwenkathi KweNkathi Ephakathi), eyayisekelwe yobuqaba nokungazi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e-Renaissance sabhala Lokudabuka isiNtaliyane, umdwebi futhi umlobi wezincwadi mayelana nezimpilo zamaciko adumile, Okugweda futhi abaklami of Dzhordzho Vazari ekuqaleni XVI leminyaka.

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "Revival" kwasho inkathi ethile (ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV) kumiswa igagasi elisha art. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi, lo mqondo usezuze incazelo ebanzi futhi yagcina lonke enkathini yentuthuko kanye kumiswa isiko, iphikisane feudalism.

Renaissance isikhathi kuhlobene eduze ukuvela izitayela ezintsha kanye namasu yokudweba e-Italy. Kukhona isithakazelo izithombe lasendulo. Secularism kanye anthropocentrism kuyinto okufakiwe, ukugcwalisa ebaziwe kwaleso sikhathi, futhi imidwebo. Renaissance displaces austerity esibonisa Ephakathi. Iza isithakazelo ezintweni zonke zezwe, ubuhle kwabantu nemvelo futhi, yebo, indoda. Renaissance abaculi asondele umbono zomzimba womuntu kusukela Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, bezama ukulungisa konke nemininingwane emincane. Imidwebo zinengqondo yini. Painting ugcwele style esiyingqayizivele. It uye wamisa canons eziyisisekelo ukunambitheka yobuciko. Njengoba ligcwele kuzo umqondo omusha wefilosofi ngokuthi "izimiso eziqondene nezidingo zomuntu", owawuthi umuntu ubhekwa okubaluleke kakhulu.

Art isiko Renaissance

umoya elichumayo has Inkulumo ezibanzi ku zabalingiswa isikhathi igcwalisa umdwebo ekhethekile izinkanuko zenyama. Renaissance uxhuma isiko nesayensi. Abaculi ngaqala ukubona art njengoba igatsha ulwazi, ukutadisha ngokuphelele izitho zomzimba womuntu nomlando kwezwe elisizungezile. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ngaphezulu elivunyelwa kuzaliseke amezwi indalo kaNkulunkulu futhi izenzakalo emidwebweni yakhe. ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa isithombe izifundo zenkolo ngubani atholwe okuqukethwe sibonga yasemhlabeni kuze kube amakhono Geniuses ezifana uLeonardo da Vinci.

Kunezigaba ezinhlanu ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko Italian Yenguquko.

International (enkantolo) Gothic

Yikuphi umsuka ekuqaleni inkantolo Gothic XIII ekhulwini (ducento) libhekene Ukukhalipha ngokweqile, pomposity futhi pretentiousness. Uhlobo eyinhloko imidwebo kuyinto altare ezincanyana isithombe izifundo. Abaculi zisebenzisa tempera upende ukudala imidwebo yakhe. I Renaissance ocebile amalungu abadumile kwalesi sikhathi, isibonelo, njenge abadwebi Italian Vittore Karpachcho futhi Sandro Bottichelli.

Oku-Renaissance inkathi (Protorenessans)

Esigabeni esilandelayo, okukholelwa ukuthi kungalindeleka ngesikhathi Renaissance, ngokuthi Protorenessans (trecento) futhi kwenzeka ekupheleni XIII - ekuqaleni XIV leminyaka. Mayelana ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha emhlabeni neyobuntu Nguwe isikhathi zomlando lembula emhlabeni kwangaphakathi yomuntu, umphefumulo wakhe, kunencazelo ngokwengqondo ojulile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo likwazi isakhiwo esilula futhi icacile. izigcawu sezenkolo ziba ubala, futhi wokuziphilisa uholela, futhi njengoba umlingisi losemcoka imele onemizwa, nesimo sobuso bakhe futhi ukuthinta. Kukhona ekumeni lokuqala Italian Renaissance, simo imifanekiso. abaculi abadumile kwalesi sikhathi - Giotto, Pietro Lorenzetti.

ekuseni Renaissance

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV iqala esigabeni zakuqala Renaissance (quattrocento), atjengisa nokuqhakaza yokudweba nokuntula izifundo zenkolo. Ubuso kuzithonjana abe lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa kanye landscape njengendlela uhlobo in umdwebo, ithatha niche ehlukile. Umuntu owasungula le ekuqaleni Renaissance isiko kwezobuciko Mozachcho izenzo, okusekelwe nomqondo okuyinto biko. imidwebo yakhe abe ngokoqobo okusezingeni eliphezulu. amakhosi Omkhulu uphenyo lwento kanye nombono zasemoyeni, nokwakheka kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi emisebenzini yazo, lapho ungabona lesifanele isikhala ezintathu-ntathu. Abameleli beNdikimba ekuseni Renaissance kukhona Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Pollaiuolo, Verrocchio.

Renaissance okuphezulu noma "i-Golden Age"

Kusukela ekupheleni xv ekhulwini waqala isigaba okusezingeni eliphezulu Renaissance (cinquecento) futhi yathatha esifushane, ngaphambi XVI leminyaka. It yaba isikhungo Venice neRoma. Abaculi ukwandisa HORIZONS zabo ngemibono futhi banesithakazelo yonke. Man livela umfanekiso iqhawe, Ilungile kokubili ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Izinombolo kwalesi sikhathi abhekwa uLeonardo da Vinci, uRaphael Titian Vecellio, Buonarrotti Michelangelo nabanye. Umdwebi omkhulu we-Italian Renaissance uLeonardo da Vinci 'wayengumuntu jikelele "wayeseGibhithe njalo zifunana iqiniso. Catching ebaziwe, idrama, ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo lwesayensi, wakwazi ukuthola isikhathi imidwebo. Creation "Madonna kwamadwala" imidwebo ubonisa elakhiwe isitayela umdwebi obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi, lapho kwakwakhe kuyinto yokukhanya nasethunzini kudala umphumela ivolumu edumile "Mona Lisa" senziwa usebenzisa inqubo "smuffato", ukudala inkohliso ufasimbe.

Late Renaissance

Ngesikhathi ngasekupheleni Renaissance, okuyinto eyenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI, kwakukhona nesithuthwane kwempahla emzini waseRoma ngo amabutho aseJalimane. Lokhu senzakalo saphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokuqothulwa. Roman Isikhungo samasiko uyekile kube umxhasi ne izibalo edume kakhulu, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba ziyahlakazeka zingene nakwamanye amadolobha aseYurophu. Ngenxa ukuvelela ukungafani phakathi kwe ukubukwa ukholo lobuKristu nobuntu ekupheleni le xv ekhulwini banomkhuba kuba nesitayela oqavile ephawula lo mdwebo. Renaissance kancane kancane usezofika ekupheleni, ngoba ngesisekelo lesi sitayela ubhekwa ngendlela enhle ukuthi kuphazamiseke umqondo lobumbano emhlabeni, iqiniso futhi omnipotence okucabanga. Ukudala kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezidinga izici le ngxabano ndlela ehlukile. umsebenzi Brilliant zabaculi abaziwayo ezifana Paolo Veronese Tinoretto Jacopo Pontormo (Karruchchi) eyakhe.

Italy muzi waba isikhungo yamasiko umdwebo bese wanika izwe abaculi okhazimulayo lesi sikhathi, laba izithombe zabo futhi namanje umuzwa ohambisana injabulo ngokomzwelo.

Ngaphezu Italy, ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko kanye Umdwebo kwadingeka indawo ebalulekile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Wawubizwa ngokuthi i- Northern Renaissance. Kuyaphawuleka Umdwebo French Yenguquko, okuyinto uye wanda ngezinga emhlabathini waso. Ukuphela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu kwaholela ukuqwashiswa komphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu. Ngo art French kukhona okwangempela, ukuxhumana kolwazi lwesayensi, ekhangwa izithombe endala. Zonke lezi zici amyise Italian, kodwa khona amanothi nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu imidwebo umehluko obalulekile. abaculi abadumile Yenguquko eFrance - Angerran Sharonton, Nikola Fromana, Zhan Fuke, Zhan Klue Lesiphakeme.