Abaculi Yenguquko: uhlu okungcono

Renaissance - ke umcimbi lokukwazi emlandweni wesintu. Angikaze ngibe flash enjalo izihlakaniphi kwezobuciko. Okugweda, abaklami abaculi ngeNkathi Yenguquko (uhlu kubo kukhulu, kodwa thina uthinte ku edume kunazo), esimagama aso laziwe kubo bonke, wanika jikelele esingenantengo zobuciko. abantu abahlukile ezehlukile bazibonakalisa hhayi enkundleni efanayo, kodwa ambalwa.

Painting asekuqaleni Renaissance

I Renaissance has a isihlobo wesikhathi obekiwe. Okokuqala kwaqala e-Italy - ngonyaka 1420-1500. Ngalesi sikhathi, umdwebo bese zonke art ngokuvamile akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela esikhathini esidlule yamuva. Nokho, okokuqala ziqala ukuvela izakhi lathathwa endulo classical. Futhi kuphela okwalandela iminyaka, Okugweda, abaklami abaculi ngeNkathi Yenguquko (uhlu okuyinto okungukuthi kakhulu elikhulu) ngaphansi kwethonya yesimanje okunomsoco nezimo zokuphila futhi lesichubekako Amathrendi ekugcineni ukulahla medieval izisekelo. Ngesibindi kodwa ebafundisa ezinhle kunazo yobuciko lasendulo ngoba imisebenzi yabo, kokubili jikelele kanye nemininingwane letsite. Amagama abo aziwa eziningi, sizogxila ubuntu evelele kunazo zonke.

Masaccio - wayeyisazi Umdwebo European

Yenze iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imidwebo, babe wezinguquko enkulu. Florentine master wazalwa ngo 1401 emkhayeni wezingcweti kwezobuciko, ngakho izinzwa zokunambitha nesifiso ukudala kwaba egazini lakhe. Lapho eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 16-17, wathuthela Florence, lapho ayesebenza amashabhu. Othisha bayo abhekwa ngu Donatello futhi Brunelleschi - the Okugweda omkhulu futhi abakhi. Khuluma nabo uthethe amakhono ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinte umdwebi abasha. I Masaccio lokuqala waboleka ukuqonda entsha nobuntu, okuyinto sici ebaziwe. Eyesibili master - izisekelo of ngombono komugqa. Eyokuqala eyiqiniso umsebenzi abacwaningi bakholelwa "Triptych San Dzhovenale" (isithombe sokuqala), esatholakala ngo esontweni elincane eduze kwedolobha, lapho kudabuka khona Masaccio. Imisebenzi esemqoka kukhona nemidwebo ku Brancacci Chapel, anikezelwe umlando wokuphila St kaPetru. Umdwebi uye wahlanganyela ukudalwa eziyisithupha, okungukuthi: "imali inkokhiso," "Ukuphuma axoshwa ePharadesi", "Ukubhapathizwa neophytes", "Ukwabela impahla kanye nokufa u-Ananiya, '' Uvuko iNdodana Theophilus", "St Peter uphulukisa abagulayo, isithunzi nje sakhe" futhi "Saint Peter emnyangweni."

Italian Renaissance abaculi - abantu ngokuphelele wazinikela buciko, bamshaya indiva kuya izinkinga zansuku zonke abantu ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ukuba sokusinda abampofu. Ayikho ngaphandle futhi Masaccio: okuyinhloko brilliant ushone ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 27-28 ubudala, eshiya umkhiqizo enkulu futhi semali izikweletu.

Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506)

Lena ummeleli we-Padua isikole abadwebi. Kubaluleka amakhono wayethole efundiswa nguyise wokutholwa. kwakhiwa isitayela is ngaphansi kwethonya imisebenzi by Masaccio, Andrea del Castagno, Donatello nokudweba Venetian. It ezikhonjwe isitayela eziningana ezinzima futhi abukhali Andrea Mantenya, uma iqhathaniswa naso Florentines. Yena wayengajabule ngalendoda kanye connoisseur yemisebenzi kwenkathi isiko lasendulo. Ngenxa isitayela sakhe, musa ibukeke akekho omunye, waba negama phakathi i Innovator. Wakhe kakhulu ezidumile umsebenzi, "The Dead Kristu", "The Triumph kaKhesari", "UJudith", "Battle of ulwandle onkulunkulu", "Parnassus" (esesithombeni), njll Kusukela 1460 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe wayesebenza njengoba umdwebi enkantolo umndeni Dukes of Gonzaga.

Sandro Bottichelli (1445-1510)

Botticelli - okungelona elakho, igama langempela - Filipepi. indlela umdwebi sika, wakhetha hhayi kanye, kodwa ekuqaleni wafunda imigexo art. Imisebenzi yokuqala ezizimele (eziningana "Madonna") wathonywa Masaccio futhi Lippi. Kamuva impela, wazibonakalisa kanye portrait, oda ngobuningi zivela Florence. Imvelo ocacile eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi wakhe phezu izakhi isitayela (isifinyezo izithombe usebenzisa amasu ezivamile - inkimbinkimbi ifomu, umbala, isayizi) usethe ihluke kwezinye abaculi bangaleso sikhathi. Njengoba aphila sikhathi sinye uLeonardo da Vinci kanye Michelangelo nesokana elaphuma nokuncane elikhanyayo emhlabeni yobuciko ( "Ukuzalwa Venus" (isithombe), "Spring," "Wokudumisa izazi", "Venus ne-Mars", "Christmas", njll). Umdwebo lakhe ngobuqotho futhi ebucayi, futhi indlela yokuphila nzima futhi ebuhlungu. Umbono zothando zomhlaba esemncane wakhala nezimfihlakalo kanye nokuphakamisa zenkolo ekuvuthweni. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe Sandro Botticelli esehlala ubumpofu kanye la mavangeli.

Pierrot (Pietro) della Francesca (1420-1492)

umdwebi Italian futhi omunye omele ngaphezulu ekuseni Renaissance odabuka Tuscany. isitayela kombhali kwamiswa ngaphansi kwethonya Florentine esikoleni umdwebo. Ngaphezu ithalenta umculi Piero della Francesca kwadingeka namakhono avelele izibalo, futhi iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe abazinikezele yona, uzama ukuyixhumanisa art okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umphumela waba indatshana ezimbili zesayensi: "Ngo-mbono Umdwebo" futhi "incwadi encane mayelana ukudla okuqinile njalo emihlanu." isitayela sakhe kuyahluka solemnity, ngokuvumelana nomoya wokupha kwezithombe, ibhalansi compositional, imigqa eqondile kanye nokwakha, ububanzi ezithambile imibala. Piero della Francesca saba nesikhathi eziphawulekayo ulwazi ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe umdwebo bese izici ngombono kuka wathola udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu: "The History of the Queen yaseSheba" "Flagellation kaKristu" (bheka isithombe), "Brera Madonna" kanjalonjalo.

Renaissance High imidwebo

Uma Protorenessans nesikhathi ekuseni yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu amahlanu yekhulu ngokulandelana, le nkathi ihlanganisa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa (e-Italy kusukela ngo-1500 kuya ku-1527). Kwakuyisikhathi elikhanyayo, aphuphuthekise flash, wanika izwe lonke Umthala zabantu ezinkulu, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi uhlakaniphe. Wonke amagatsha e yobuciko kuyahambisana, amakhosi amaningi ngakho - ke futhi ososayensi, Okugweda, abasunguli, hhayi kuphela abaculi Yenguquko. Uhlu mkhulu, kodwa phezulu Renaissance kwasho lokusungula L. da Vinci, M. futhi R. uSanti Buanarotti.

ubuhlakani ezisebenza da Vinci

Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela ubuntu engaphezulu kakhulu kwevamile futhi oluvelele emlandweni empucukweni yomhlaba. Wayeyindoda we jikelele ngomqondo ophelele walelo gama, futhi unolwazi olunzulu kunazo ezibonakalayo neziphiwo zami. , Umqophi wemifanekiso nowayenguSomhlahlandlela emkhakheni wezobuciko, sezibalo, wezakhiwo, anatomist, isazi sezinkanyezi, isazi sesayensi yemvelo futhi unjiniyela - konke ngaye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye izifunda uLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ebonakaliswe njengalokhu Innovator. Kuze kube manje, kwathi 15 imidwebo yakhe futhi imidwebo eminingi kuphela. Nge ubungqabavu emangalisa kanye isifiso sokuthola ulwazi, yena wayesephelelwe isineke, yena umxhwele inqubo cognition. Esemncane kakhulu (iminyaka engu-20), yena wayekufanelekela njengokaputeni Guild of St Luke. Imisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu steel Umfanekiso "I ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina" imidwebo "Mona Lisa", "Madonna benua" (ngenhla), "Lady nge Ermine", njll

Ekumeni of Abaculi Yenguquko - siyindlala. Bancamela ukuqhubeka izithombe zabo ngezithombe eziningi abantu. Ngakho, emhlabeni self-portrait of da Vinci (esesithombeni) impikiswano iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Beka phambili version ukuthi wakwenza eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-60. Ngokwe-umbhali wemilando yokuphila kwabantu, umculi kanye umbhali Vasari, inkosi enkulu washonela ezandleni umngane wakhe omkhulu, eNkosini uFrancis I ngenjongo Ezinqaba yakhe du Clos Luce.

Rafael uSanti (1483-1520)

Umculi and umklami odabuka Urbino. Igama lakhe kwezobuciko njalo exhumene ne inkolelo yokungafi ubuhle sublime futhi kuvumelana ngokwemvelo. Phakathi nokuphila esifushane (iminyaka engu-37), wadala eningi edumile emhlabeni wonke imidwebo, murals kanye ekumeni. Izindaba ukuthi wayefanekisela zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi njalo ukhangwa umfanekiso Our Lady. Ngokuphelele Raphael ezifanele ngokuthi "ingcweti of Madonna", ikakhulukazi abadumile eyabhalwa kuye eRoma. Esikhathini Vatican wayesebenze kusukela 1508 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-olusemthethweni ehhovisi labaculi inkohlakalo yomkhandlu kapapa.

Multi-abanamakhono, kanye nezinye abaculi abaningi kakhulu ngeNkathi Yenguquko, Raphael wayebuye wezakhiwo, kanye wahlanganyela abavubukuli. Ngokusho kwenye version, Craze zakamuva ungaphakathi uxhumano ngqo ekufeni kungakabi yisikhathi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yaphathwa ku kumbiwa LamaRoma imfiva. Wangcwatshwa onkulunkulu ye-master okukhulu. Ohambweni lwakhe izithombe self-portrait.

Michelangelo Buoanarroti (1475-1564)

I eside engu-70 umsebenzi yale ndoda wamenyezela, washiya yesizukulwane okudaliwe elingukungaboli hhayi kuphela imidwebo, kodwa futhi eziqoshiwe. Njengezinye omkhulu abaculi Yenguquko, Michelangelo buphele ngesikhathi egcwele zomlando imicimbi kanye nezinxushunxushu. art lakhe - inothi yokugcina enkulu kunazo zonke Renaissance.

Master ukubeka ebaziwe ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye ubuciko, kodwa njengoba isiphetho yayiyoba i umdwebi oluvelele and umklami. Ambitious kakhulu futhi okungavamile izenzo zakhe yokudweba le eSistine Chapel (esesithombeni) esigodlweni eVatican. Area yasezindongeni abangaphezu kwabangu-600 metres square futhi ine 300 izibalo womuntu. Umxhwele kakhulu futhi ujwayelene - kuba yesehlakalo lokwaHlulelwa Kugcine.

Italian Renaissance abaculi kwadingeka amathalenta enezici. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi ukuthi Michelangelo wayebuye imbongi omkhulu. Lokhu izici ubuhlakani bakhe liye lazibonakalisa khona ngokugcwele ekupheleni ukuphila. Mayelana 300 izinkondlo ezisekhona.

Imidwebo ngasekupheleni Renaissance

Isikhathi sokugcina ihlanganisa isikhathi kusuka 1530 kuze iminyaka 1590-1620. Ngokwe-Encyclopedia Britannica, Renaissance njengoba isikhathi zomlando yaphela ngemva kokuwa koMbuso waseRoma, owenzeka ngo-1527 kwaba ngalesi sikhathi e-Southern Europe iwine neNkathi Yokumelana Nenguquko. Catholic ngoba wabheka warily ngasiphi abathanda ifilosofi, kuhlanganise silokhu sithi ubuhle umzimba womuntu nokuvuka art kwesikhathi lasendulo - okungukuthi zonke eyinsika Yenguquko. Lokhu kwabangela ethile - banomkhuba libhekene ukulahlekelwa ngokuvumelana ngokomoya futhi komzimba, indoda kanye nemvelo. Kodwa ngisho Ngale nkathi enzima yokuba abathile owaziwa Renaissance abaculi wadala yobuciko zabo. Phakathi kwabo, Antonio da Correggio, Andrea Palladio (kubhekwa umsunguli classicism futhi palladianstva) kanye Titian.

Tiziano Vecellio (1488-1490 - 1676 iminyaka)

He kubhekwa titanium Renaissance, kanye Michelangelo, Raphael futhi da Vinci waseNgilandi. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuza neminyaka engu-30 ubudala, Titian ngoba udumo lwayo ngokuthi "inkosi yakwa-abadwebi kanye umdwebi zamakhosi." Ngokuyinhloko, umculi edwetshwe izindikimba basezinganekwaneni nengokomBhalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, uye waba adumile njengoba portraitist okukhulu. Abaphila Besikhathi wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuba afanekiselwa ngebhulashi amakhosi amakhulu - kusho ukufeza ukungafi. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ama-oda Titian zazivela ohlonishwa kakhulu futhi yizicukuthwane abantu: opapa, amakhosi, okhadinali nezikhulu eziphakeme. Nazi ezimbalwa nje kakhulu owaziwa, umsebenzi wakhe: "Venera Urbinskaya", "Kudlwengulwa Europa" (esesithombeni), "Kristu Ukuthwala Isiphambano", "evelele nge Ameva", "Pesaro Madonna", "Owesifazane nesibuko," njll

Lutho iyaphindwa kabili. I Renaissance wanika abantu isintu brilliant okungavamile. Amagama abo aqoshwe emlandweni emhlabeni yobuciko in izinhlamvu zegolide. Architects kanye Okugweda, babhali, bahlatiyi, abaculi Yenguquko - uhlu kubo likhulu kakhulu. We namatha kuphela Titans, owaqopha umlando, ethwele izwe imibono ukhanyisele nobuntu.