MHK - kungcono ... Umhlaba Art. MHK: Renaissance

Kunzima ungavumelani kanjani linendima ebalulekile emlandweni yobuciko noma isiphi isikhathi. Uzenzela: izifundo yomlando esikoleni emva sihloko ngamunye ozinikezele ekutadisheni isimo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho emhlabeni nganoma isiphi isikhathi esinikeziwe, abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuba ulungiselele imibiko ubuciko kule nkathi.

Futhi ngokuhamba isikole isikhathi samuva nje kukhona into okuthiwa i-MCC. Kubaluleke ngephutha, ngoba iyiphi wobuciko ingenye kuveza bhá sezikhathi lapho yadalwa, futhi ikuvumela ukuba sibheke umlando wezwe ngemehlo uMdali, owaklama walinika ukuphila umkhiqizo.

kwencazelo isiko

isiko Umhlaba, noma esifushanisiwe MCC - uhlobo isiko umphakathi, ogxile ukukhiqizwa kabusha olunothile nolunobuchule emphakathini kanye nabantu, kanye Animate nemvelo ezingaphili ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezisetshenziswa art professional kanye abantu namasiko. Libuye izenzakalo nezinqubo practice olungokomoya, kudala, ihambisa kanye inkositini izinto ezibonakalayo nezinto zobuciko ukuthi ube ukubaluleka yobuhle. Umhlaba Art kuhlanganisa imidwebo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ifa yezakhiwo kanye izikhumbuzo of yobuciko neyezandla, kanye ukwehluka abantu futhi wadala amalungu ngamanye yayo imisebenzi.

Indima MCC njengoba isihloko zezemfundo

Phakathi nesifundo isiko emhlabeni it unikezwa njengoba ukuhlanganiswa ezibanzi nokuqonda isiko zokuxhumana kwasekuqaleni nezigameko zomlando noma isiphi isikhathi isikhathi, kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isiko izwe ehlanganisa bonke umsebenzi bokubeka ukuthi inabantu wahlanganyela. Lezi zincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, umculo, zobuciko. Sifunda zonke izinqubo ezihlobene kokubili ekudalweni futhi isitoreji, ayanda, ukudalwa kanye nokuhlola nakumasiko. Hhayi ukuhlala sibukela kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa eminye empilweni yamasiko umphakathi futhi ukuqeqeshwa emayunivesithi ngokufanele Ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

Ngenxa isihloko MCC - lokhu kuphikisa sonke isiko kwezobuciko kunokuba zinhlobo zayo ngazinye.

Lo mbono kwenkathi kwamasiko

okuqinisekile Cultural noma Paradigm kwamasiko iyisici eziyinkimbinkimbi multifactorial, eliqukethe isithombe somuntu ikakhulukazi njengoba eziphilayo ngesikhathi esithile futhi yokufeza umsebenzi, futhi umphakathi wabantu kanye ukuphila efanayo, ukuphila kwemizwa kanye engqondweni, ukubaluleka uhlelo.

paradigms Cultural esikhundleni nomunye ngenxa uhlobo kwemvelo kanye kwamasiko yi ukuxhumana kwezingxenye bendabuko kanye ezintsha, esizolokhu ubuciko. MCC njengoba Yiqiniso uzibekele umgomo we cwaningo futhi lezi zinhlelo.

Uyini Renaissance

Omunye nezikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwezimakethe isiko iyona Renaissance, noma imvuselelo, umthetho okuye kwadingeka XIII-XVI eminyaka. futhi kwasho ukuqala kwenkathi okusha Isikhathi. Njengoba ayefa ngezinga elikhulu ububanzi yobuciko.

Ngemva kwenkathi ukwehla Ephakathi art blooms kanye siyavuka Antique ukuhlakanipha nobuciko. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ngomqondo Rinascita "imvuselelo" lisetshenziswa, izwi isiNtaliyane, kamuva kukhona nozakwabo eziningi ngezilimi yaseYurophu, ehlanganisa i-French Renaissance. Yonke indalo kwezobuciko, ubuciko ngokuyinhloko ezibukwayo, iba "ulimi" jikelele elikuvumela ukuba ukwazi izimfihlakalo bemvelo futhi eduze nalo. Master eveza uhlobo akuyona kabi amandla akhe, kodwa ivame lungene engokwemvelo, ezama ukudlula Ophakeme. Iqala ukuthuthukiswa we ajwayelekile kithi umuzwa ubuhle, ngesayensi yemvelo kanye nolwazi ngoNkulunkulu sonke isikhathi ukuthola izinto esivumelana ngazo. Phakathi Renaissance, kanye nekhono iba laboratory, futhi ithempeli.

periodization

Revival sehlukaniswe nezikhathi eziningana isikhathi. E-Italy - ekhaya Renaissance - nezikhathi eziningana ezabonakala, okuyinto ziye zasetshenziswa eside emhlabeni. It Protorenessans (1260-1320 GG.), Ngokwengxenye kufakwe isikhathi duecento (XIII c.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba nezikhathi trecento (XIV c.) Quatrocento (xv c.) Cinquecento (XVI c.).

A periodization ajwayelekile uhlukanisa inkathi ku Early Renaissance (XIV-XV eminyaka.). Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukuxhumana yezitayela entsha ne-gothic, okuyinto ngobuhlakani zishintshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona nezikhathi Ephakathi, noma okuphezulu, futhi Renaissance Late, endaweni ekhethekile ikhokhwe banomkhuba, libhekene inhlekelele yama-Renaissance sezifundo isiko.

Futhi, emazweni anjenge baseFrance naseNetherlands, wadingida okuthiwa Northern Renaissance, lapho indima enkulu eyadlalwa ngasekupheleni Gothic. Njengoba umlando MCC ithi imvuselelo kubonakala eMpumalanga Yurophu: Czech Republic, Poland, eHungary, nasezweni emazweni aseScandinavia. ESpain, e-UK nasePortugal baye isunguleka emazweni yasekuqaleni Renaissance amasiko abo.

izingxenye zefilosofi nezenkolo Yenguquko

Ngokuzindla abameleli abanjalo wefilosofi kwalesi sikhathi, efana Giordano Bruno, Nikolay Kuzansky, uGiovanni Pico della Mirandola, Paracelsus, abe efanele e-MCC isihloko lokusungula ezingokomoya, kanye umzabalazo ilungelo ukubiza umuntu "unkulunkulu wesibili 'futhi amaqhawe umhlobo naye.

Ahambisanayo, njengoba kuzo zonke izikhathi, le nkinga ukwazi kanye nesazisi, ukholo kuNkulunkulu emandleni aphakeme. Thatha indawo njengoba ukusilela, alungise, futhi ukubukwa zezihlubuki lo mbuzo.

Man ubhekene bakhethe, futhi iSonto sikhathi, izinguquko kuhilela Renaissance hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi MCC. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho imvuselelo zokuziphatha komuntu, okusakazwa ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza abaholi bazo zonke izinkolo zenkolo, kusukela abasunguli kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni ukuze amaJesuit.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kwenkathi. A amazwi ambalwa mayelana nobuntu

Phambili ngesikhathi Renaissance ibekwe imfundo umuntu omusha. Igama lesiLatini humanitas, okuvela kulo igama elithi "zobuntu" lilingana nokuchitha imali engu igama lesiGreki "imfundo".

Njengengxenye Renaissance zobuntu ukhuthaza umuntu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifa kubalulekile esikhathini tikuhlakanipha futhi ukuthola indlela ukuzazi futhi self-ngcono. Lapha kukhona Fusion kunakho asikwazanga inikeze ezinye izinkathi ashiye uphawu lwawo ku-MCC. Renaissance wathatha ifa endulo, ikhodi benkolo nabezwe ephakathi nodumo, namandla okudala yingqondo yomuntu we New Age lasendulo, ukudala uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele futhi ebonakala ephelele sempilo yalelozwe.

Renaissance amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene umsebenzi womuntu kwezobuciko

Phakathi nale nkathi, imidwebo luyakhohlisa naturopodobnye esikhundleni imifanekiso, ekubeni maphakathi emisha. namathafa ebhaliwe Ngezenzo, ikhaya imidwebo, portrait. Sabalalisa umbhalo libhalwe metal nezinkuni. Ukusebenza abaculi imidwebo ube uhlobo esizimele lokusungula. Isithombe imvelo luyakhohlisa ekhona imidwebo omkhulukazi.

Bokwakha, bethonywe intshiseko umbono ka abaklami centric Seziyathandwa wakhona amathempeli, izigodlo kanye ensembles yezakhiwo, okwenza ukugcizelela emhlabeni, centric horizontals ngombono-ihlelwe.

Renaissance izincwadi elinesimo uthando isiLatini njengolimi ngolimi abantu abafundile, side by side nge izilimi kazwelonke lomdabu. Ukuba izinhlobo popular ezifana noveli picaresque futhi inoveli ezisemadolobheni, izinkondlo zobuqhawe amanoveli ka medieval knightly adventure-theme, ukubhinqa, izinkondlo wokwelusa nothando. Sesinamandla ukuthandwa amathiyetha idrama ukubeka ngemidlalo inala amaholide idolobha kanye extravaganzas enkantolo aluhlaza, abe umkhiqizo okwesikhathi zamagama ezimibalabala ezihlukahlukene art.

Umculo liyachuma esiqinile zomculo Polyphony. Inkinga ukwakheka, ukubukeka izinhlobo zokuqala eziphansi Sonatas, ikhamera, Suites, futhi ibika ubugagu. umculo Ebhizinisi iseduze temdzabu, kuba zilingana nezinhlobo zenkolo. Kukhona ukwehlukana umculo wezinsimbi njengoba zinhlobo ehlukile, futhi ngenkathi isiqongo - ukudalwa agcwele iculo uwedwa, opera futhi oratorios. Esikhundleni ethempelini opera iza, othatha indawo zomculo isiko isikhungo.

Ngokuvamile, intuthuko enkulu iba yini yake yokufihla medieval esikhundleni umuntu oyedwa, lokusungula kombhali. Kule ndaba, isiko umhlaba uya ezingeni elisha.

Renaissance titans

Akumangazi ukuthi imvuselelo ezinjalo eziyisisekelo art empeleni emlotheni akakwazanga ukuthatha indawo ngaphandle abantu abasungula okudaliwe yabo nesiko elisha. Kamuva, baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "the titans" ngeligalelo benzile.

Protorenessans emelelwa Giotto, futhi ngesikhathi Quatrocento kuqhathaniswa nezinye ngokwakhayo esiqinile Mazachcho futhi lyrical ngobuqotho umsebenzi ngamunye Botticelli futhi Angelico.

Isilinganiso, noma okuphezulu, Yempucuko emelelwa Raphael, Michelangelo futhi yebo uLeonardo da Vinci - abaculi abaye baba yisakhiwo sodumo ekuqa- New Age.

Adume Renaissance wezakhiwo Bramante waqala, Brunelleschi futhi Palladio. Brueghel uMdala Van Eyck kanye Bosch - abadwebi Dutch Yenguquko. Holbein Omncane, Dürer, Cranach Omdala baba abasunguli Yenguquko German.

Lezo zincwadi kwalesi sikhathi ukukhumbula amagama anjalo "Titans" masterov- njengoba uShakespeare, Petrarch, Cervantes, Rabelais, wanika jikelele isosha esihlatshelelwayo, romance, futhi idrama, futhi obani abaye benza umnikelo ekwakhekeni izilimi etemibhalo lamazwe abo.

Ngokungangabazeki, Renaissance uye waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izindawo eziningi yobuciko anikeza ugqozi ukudalwa amasha. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungaba umlando namasiko emhlabeni, uma kwakungakabi isikhathi. Mhlawumbe art classical namuhla ngeke okuye kwabangela injabulo enjalo, lapho iningi ezincwadini, umculo nezobuciko ngabe akekho nhlobo. Noma mhlawumbe zonke salokho sasivame ukuhlobanisa art classical, bazovela, kodwa kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi noma ngisho namakhulu eminyaka kamuva. Kungakhathaliseki inkambo izenzakalo, umlando akakubekezeleli kwemizwa subjunctive. Futhi kusobala into eyodwa kuphela: ngisho nanamuhla sibuka imisebenzi kulesi sikhathi, futhi waphinda uyakufakazela ukubaluleka kwayo empilweni yamasiko omphakathi.