UStephen Hawking: Umhlaba ungaguqula iphaneli elilodwa lokushisa njengeVenus

Umhlaba ungaba iplanethi ye-hothouse, njengeVenus, ngamachibi abilayo nemvula ye-acid, uma abantu bengenakukwazi ukuvimbela ushintsho lwezulu olungaqondakali. Lokhu kwakukuxoxwa kwamuva, kusho isazi sezinkanyezi uStephen Hawking. "Siseduze nalolo shintsho, lapho ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuzobe kungenakuguqulwa. Izenzo zikaTrump zingashukumisela uMhlaba phansi, futhi kuzofana neVenus, lapho izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwa ku-250 degrees Celsius, kanti i-sulfuric acid isuka esibhakabhakeni esikhundleni semvula, "kusho uStephen Hawking, ekhuluma ngesinqumo sikaDonald Trump sokushiya i-United States Kusukela kwisivumelwano sezulu saseParis.

Ukuphendula ngamazwi ka-Hawking

Noma kunjalo, ososayensi abaningi bathi isimo esinjalo siwukugqama okuphawulekayo futhi okungenakuqhathaniswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa neVenus, uMhlaba ude kakhulu neLanga, futhi unikezwe ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, angeke kube nomkhathi owomile ohlanganisa i-carbon dioxide, ukuze izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni lingalokothi lifinyelele kuma-degrees Celsius angu-250. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi inkinga yesimo esijwayelekile sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esiyingozi iyasebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. "Kulolu cala, uHoyking ubhekene nenkohlakalo," kusho uMichael Mann, isazi sezulu saseMelika eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania. - Umhlaba uwedlula i-Sun kune-Venus, ngakho ngeke ukwazi ukubhekana nomphumela ofanayo wokushisa okulinganayo njengoVenus, okusho ukuthi ulwandle ngeke luphephe eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ejwayelekile ngokwengeziwe okwenziwa yi-Hawking, okungukuthi iplanethi yethu ingaba ingafanele impilo yomuntu, uma isintu singaphenduki izinguquko eziyingozi zemozulu, kuyinhloko yezombusazwe. "

Hothouse Planet

I-Venus iyiplanethi yesibili evela e-Sun, futhi yiyona iplanethi ekhanyayo eSystem Solar. Nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi waseRoma wasendulo wothando nothando, akufanele uhlele uhambo lothando nomlingani wakho kule planethi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Naphezu kokuthi ubukhulu beVenus buhambisana ngokulingana nobukhulu bomhlaba, futhi amandla adonsela phansi afakwa lapho, kulo lonke lihlukile kakhulu eMhlabeni, egcwele amanzi. I-Venus nayo iplanethi elishisayo kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga, futhi izinga lokushisa likwazi ukufinyelela ku-466 degrees Celsius. Isizathu sokushisa okunjalo yisimo esinamandla nesibindi se-carbon dioxide, lapho amafu e-sulfuric acid ekhona khona. Ngakho-ke, umkhathi uthatha ukushisa okuningi kunomkhathi womhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Venus isondelene kakhulu ne-Sun, ngenxa yokuthi ithola imisebe engaphezulu kuneMhlaba. Futhi izintaba-mlilo eziningi ezivuthayo ziyingxenye eyodwa kuphela ekudaleni idumela leGrey eligcwele, eliyiVenus. Ithiyori eyisisekelo yokuthi kungani iVenus yaba yindlela yokubonakaliswa kweGehena yilapho le phlanethi isizitholile engxenyeni engapheli yebhayisikili yendaba. Iplanethi yathwala imisebe engaphezulu kunalokho eyabangela, okwenza ukuba umfutho wamanzi uphuthumiswe emkhathini, okuholela ekutheni kube nokushisa okukhulu nokufudumala okuqhubekayo, okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wokushisa. "Ngamane nje, uVenus wathola" ukushaywa ngukushisa ": iplanethi yayigcwele ukufutheka, kodwa ayikwazanga ukupholisa," kusho uTyler Robinson, isazi se-astrobiologist esivela eYunivesithi yaseWashington.

Isimo esingenakwenzeka seMhlaba

Nakuba iningi labantu lithatha kalula isimo sezulu somhlaba, le planethi iye yahlupheka kakhulu emlandweni wayo wezinkulungwane eziyi-4.5 billion. Phakathi ne-oxygenation enkulu, eyenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5 edlule, i-cyanobacteria ye-photosynthetic yenza ukuba ukwanda okumangalisayo ku-oxygen emkhathini womhlaba. Eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-650 edlule iplanethi igcwala ngokuphelele, iphendukela eqhweni elilodwa elikhulu le-snowball. Futhi ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs, izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni lalilinganiselwa ku-10 degrees Celsius ephakeme kunamanje, ngoba umkhathi wawusenotho e-carbon dioxide. Futhi ukukhishwa okukhulu kwekhabhoni kuye kwaholela ekuqothulweni okuningi esikhathini esidlule, isibonelo, ukuqedwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasePermian cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-252 ezedlule, lapho amaphesenti angaba ngu-95 wempilo yasolwandle efa ngenxa ye-oxidation yolwandle.

Umhlaba ngeke uhlupheke ekupheleni kweVenus

Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engacabangi ukucabanga ngesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isimo esinjalo asinakwenzeka. Ngokombono, inqubo efanayo eyaqaliswa kuVenus ingenzeka eMhlabeni, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo izothatha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Lona umbono ochwepheshe abaningi. Kungenzeka ukuthi izilwandle zasemhlabeni zizoqala ukupheka ngendlela efanayo nolwandle oluneVenus luncane kakhulu.

Yini evikela umhlaba?

Iqiniso liwukuthi uMhlaba uvikelwe emisebeni yelanga ngomoya ohlukile kakhulu emkhathini waseVenus. "Isimo seVenus siphezulu izikhathi ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye kunomkhathi womhlaba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sine-carbon dioxide," kusho uRobinson. Uma kuqhathaniswa, umkhathi womhlaba unamanye amaningi e-nitrogen yamangqamuzana ne-oxygen, kanti amaphesenti angu-0.04 kuphela yi-carbon dioxide.

Umhlaba usuvele ubhekana nokubi kakhulu

Ngaphandle kwesimo esinamandla se-carbon dioxide kanye nomthamo owengeziwe we-radiation kusukela e-Sun, kungenzeka ukuthi isimo esifanayo esenzeka eMhlabeni njengoVenus sincane kakhulu. Akukho okulindelekile okunengqondo ngokubonakala komphumela onjalo wokushisa phakathi kwamaqiniso awaziwa abantu namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhathini esidlule kwakukhona izimo zezulu ezifudumele eMhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi se-Eocene (phakathi kuka-56 no-34 wezigidi zeminyaka edlule). Ngaleso sikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini kwakuphindwe kathathu kunamanje. Ngisho noma ucabanga ngekusasa nazo zonke izimoto, izindiza kanye nama-air conditioners, akukho ukubonakala kwesimo sezulu okungabonisa leli zinga le-carbon dioxide emkhathini.

Isimo sobuhlakani obubi

Umphumela wokushisa ongasalawuliwe kuze kube yimanje awube usongo wangempela emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, yiqiniso, kukhona njalo isongo se-sabotage ehlosiwe. UDkt. Evil angasungula isisombululo sezobuchwepheshe esifana nesicatshangelwe ukuthi sisetshenziswe ku-terraform Mars, kodwa isilinganiso saleso senzo kufanele sibe mkhulu kakhulu. Uzodinga ama-fluorocarbons, ngakho uDkt. Evil uzodinga ukusungula inkolo yezwe ezinikezelwe ukusetshenziswa okungcwele kwe-hairspray kanye nama-deodorants. Kodwa lapha futhi inkinga ivela: esikhathini esidlule, i-fluorocarbon yayisetshenzisiwe kwezinye imikhiqizo ye-aerosol yomthengi, kepha lesi sithako sasivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa.

Inhlekelele yezulu ingenzeka

Noma kunjalo, uMhlaba awudingi ukuba ube yi-Venus yesibili, ukuze kungabi okufanelekile ekuphileni komuntu. Isivumelwano seParis sihlose ukugcina ukushisa okungaphansi kwama-degrees Celsius uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga okushisa wangaphambili. Kodwa ngisho nezinga elinjalo, elondolozwe isikhathi eside, lingabangela ushintsho olungenakuguqulwa olusuqalile kakade. Futhi lezi zinguquko zemozulu zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni, kanye nokulima.