Umthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle

Ulwazi ngezisekelo zokusebenza kombuso ngokuvamile kusiza ukuqonda lezo zinqubo zomnotho noma ezombusazwe ezenzeka kuhulumeni. Abameli balezi zinhloso baye bahlakulela futhi bahlanganisa yonke imithetho yegatsha - yezwe, ebuye ihlukaniswe ngumthetho wangaphakathi kahulumeni, kanye nomthethosisekelo wezwe langaphandle.

Ukudalula umqondo nemithombo yalesi senzakalo, kusetshenziswe izindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukubukeza futhi ukukhomba ukuthi kunembile kakhulu futhi ephelele.

Umqondo womthethosisekelo womhlaba wamazwe angaphandle

Uma ucatshangelwa igatsha ngalinye lelungelo lama- theorists lidalula ngalezi zindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: njengezesayensi, njengegatsha lomthetho kanye nesiyalo sesayensi.

Ngenxa yesayensi, kungenzeka ukuletha umthetho womthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle njengamanyano ezinkambiso, ukucabanga, ukucabanga, idatha yezibalo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziya kwabo okwethulwa ososayensi bezwe abavelele. Kulo mongo, lo mcimbi ugcwele imfundiso, imibhalo yomthetho ekhomba uhlobo lokusebenza komthetho kanye nombuso.

Njengesiyalo sesayensi, umthetho wezomthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle uyisifundo esizimele esihlaziya izikhungo zamanje zamandla, umnotho kanye nenhlalo yomphakathi emthethweni owenziwe. Kungabandakanya futhi izimfundiso eziqakathekileko zommeli bamazwe angaphandle nakwamanye amazwe.

Njengegatsha lomthetho, lesi senzakalo asikwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Iqiniso liwukuthi emkhakheni walo kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izinhlaka ezingekho zikazwelonke zomthetho kahulumeni.

Ngakho-ke, umbono wezomthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle uvela ngesimo somqondo wokuthi kuyisethi yemfundiso nemithombo yokusebenza yomthetho ehlose ukudalula ukusebenza komthetho kanye nombuso ezweni elikhethiwe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezijwayelekile ekuthuthukiseni umthetho kahulumeni.

Kodwa ngokudalulwa okukhulu komthetho womthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle, kubalulekile ukucubungula imithombo yawo yomthetho wezomthetho.

Imithombo yomthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle

Kule nkathi yesikhathi, ama-jurists ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zemithombo: umthethosisekelo (noma izenzo zomthethosisekelo), umthetho oyisisekelo wezwe kanye nezenzo ezengeziwe.

Ukuqhubeka kusukela esihlokweni soqeqesho olucutshungulwayo, kunengqondo ukuqala ukutadisha imithombo evela kuMthethosisekelo. Leli fomu isethi yemigomo ebeka isiqondiso jikelele sokuthuthukiswa kobuso. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi uMthethosisekelo ungabonakala njengomqulu owodwa, uphawu kanye nezenzo zonke (isihloko sesibili kulokhu kuhambisana nezenzo zomthethosisekelo). Kukhona futhi amazwe lapho umqondo womthethosisekelo uthathwa khona yizenzo zenkolo. Isibonelo yiVatican noma amanye amaSulumane, lapho izikhundla zamaSulumane zinamandla kakhulu.

Umthetho oyinhloko ucatshangelwa, ngoba Inikeza incazelo yezenzo zomthethosisekelo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, uMthethosisekelo ubeka isiqondiso kuphela (ngaphandle kokungavamile). Futhi izindlela zokuqalisa nokusebenza zichazwe ngemithetho ejwayelekile. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele, singanikeza isibonelo esilandelayo. Umthetho oyisisekelo wombuso umemezela ilungelo lomuntu ukukhetha ngokukhululekile iqembu elithile lezombangazwe. Ukuthi leli lungelo lingabonakala kanjani licacisa imithetho yamanje yamakhetho.

Imithombo yomthethosisekelo umthetho wamazwe angaphandle nawo uhlanganisa izenzo ezengeziwe. Bamelelwa yizinhlaka zombuso, izenzo zomthetho zendawo, izimfundiso zamabhishobhi omthetho owaziwayo. Inkinga yokubandakanya izenzo zomhlaba wonke kuzo. Lokhu kungenzeka, kepha esimweni sokuthi le mibhalo yamukelwe ngumkhandlu wezwe wezomthetho ngendlela enqunyiwe.

Ngako-ke, umthetho wezomthethosisekelo wamazwe angaphandle ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwawo usebenza ngezimiso ezihlukahlukene, ezifakwe "piramidi", inkulumo engumthethosisekelo kanye nezenzo zomthethosisekelo.

Ukuqonda izikhathi ezivezwe kulesi sihloko ezihlobene nomthetho kahulumeni wezizwe zakwamanye amazwe kusiza ukuzimisela ezihlukahlukene zezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kombuso kanye nezinqubo ezenzeka ezweni lanamuhla.