Izindlela ukwakha izethulo aphansi zezibalo (FEMP) eqenjini phakathi

Kwakungenxa neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila ingane ithuba lokufunda omningi ulwazi olubalulekile. Kukhona isu elikhethekile kumiswa aphansi Tibalo.Sib, ngawo ndoda omncane uthola amakhono ukucabanga okunengqondo.

Izici zocwaningo ezingokwengqondo zemfundo

Diagnostics, ngokuphindaphindiwe kwenziwe zasenkulisa izikhungo zomphakathi ukusekela kungenzeka kumiswa iminyaka 4-7 ubudala izisekelo ukucabanga nezibalo. Ulwazi omningi hits ingane, kusho ukuthi usesho lwe-izimpendulo usebenzisa amakhono logic. A ezihlukahlukene Ekwenza Umlingiswa imidlalo phezu FEMP eqenjini phakathi izingane zasenkulisa zifundiswa ukuba ngiziqonde izinto, qhathanisa bese uzindla asho into waphawula, ukuqonda ubuhlobo okulula phakathi kwabo. Njengoba umthombo oyinhloko ulwazi kulonyaka khulumela isipiliyoni bokusungula futhi izinkanuko. Ingane kunzima ukwakha uchungechunge zabo logic, ngakho ehola indima ekubumbeni ukucabanga kungokwalabo uthisha. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi FEMP eqenjini phakathi kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa izingane, belungiselela esikoleni. namaqiniso okuphila kwanamuhla zidinga umnakekeli ukusebenzisa izisekelo imfundo zentuthuko, wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo amasu ezintsha nezindlela izisekelo ukucabanga nezibalo.

Indaba le FEMP emfundweni zasenkulisa

Le nqubo yesimanje ye kumiswa amakhono aphansi IiMbalo izingane ubudala zasenkulisa, indlela zomlando eside. Ngokokuqala ngqá umbuzo yezindlela nokuqukethwe zasenkulisa yokufunda izibalo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kule 17-18 eminyaka othisha bakwamanye amazwe nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. In izinhlelo zabo zokufundisa eyenzelwe ngonyaka 4-6 abaneminyaka, K. D. Ushinsky, I. G. Pestalotstsi, Ya. A. Kamensky waveza ukubaluleka esungula nokuqonda okucacile isikhala, kulinganisa nesilinganiso ubungako obuhlukahlukeneko, osayizi lwezinto ezinikezwa algorithm yezenzo .

Izingane eminyakeni zasenkulisa, banikezwe izici ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, libonisa isithakazelo engazinzile elandelayo Tibalo.Sib: isikhathi, isimo, inombolo, isikhala. Bakuthola kunzima ukuhlobanisa la izigaba ndawonye, uzihlele, kusebentisa lwati lwabo ukuze zangempela izimo. Ngaphansi nemithetho emisha kahulumeni kwezemfundo zenzelwe izinkulisa, FEMP eqenjini phakathi uyisidingo.

Umqondo imfundo pre-school banikwa nezimfuneko ecacile ukuze kumiswa isithakazelo ulwazi ka Ngokuzayo lokuqala ibanga, futhi abanye kuba imfundo nje wezibalo.

Ukubaluleka Tibalo.Sib ezasenkulisa

Ukufundisa izingane izisekelo wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi ezinjalo, izibalo anayo pedagogy yesimanje ezibalulekile. Isithakazelo esinjalo kungenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• isikole siqala kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 6-7 ubudala;
• omningi ulwazi oludingwa amakghono wokucabanga wengane okunengqondo;
• ukwethulwa e inqubo yemfundo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe (i-ICT).

Uhlelo zasenkulisa Ikakhulukazi izibalo

alo focus eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa amakhono okunengqondo nemibono, kubekhona engqondo, ukuthuthukiswa esikoleni savvy. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi FEMP eqenjini phakathi kuhloswe asathuthuka le zinto elula, ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma lwelulwimi lolufanele.

Ukuqeqeshwa zezibalo abafundi esizayo ngaphansi Uhlelo, ngaphezu kokufundisa izingane nekubala, ithuthukiswe umqondo inombolo kanye nenani zokuqala eziyishumi. FEMP eqenjini phakathi kuhilela sokuhlukanisa izifundo zibe izingxenye alinganayo, ukulinganisa izinto lwezindinganiso okunemibandela ukuzimisela ngobuningi nemizimba ketshezi. Abantwana kokuqeda izabelo ahlinzekwa uthisha eba i ukulinganisa iso, izithombe ziyimifanekiso ezakheke ehlukahlukene Jomethri, ukwakha ukuqonda kokusebenzisana ngekwendzawo.

Ngesikhatsi sesifundvo ezibalweni umfundisi uyaqaphela imigomo yemfundo eyisisekelo hhayi kuphela, FEMP eqenjini phakathi kusiza nokuqalisa imisebenzi zemfundo. Thishela unika umbono kubafundi mayelana nemithetho yokuziphatha, yakha kuzo isiyalo, ukukhuthala, ukuzithiba. kumiswa umsebenzi izingane aphansi Tibalo.Sib uthisha wenza ekuseni, emini, ntambama kungekho izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2-3 ngesonto. FEMP phakathi iqembu GEF kusita bothishela kutsi bakwati ukuthuthukisa ezigcemeni zabo yisakhamuzi esebenzayo, ukuzimisela, ukukhuthazela ukuzibamba.

Ivikela amakhono okunengqondo, kutawenteka ngesikhatsi udini, ukudweba. imininingwane Ukwakhiwa iphepha (Origami) kusiza ukubhebhethekisa ulwazi mayelana bobunjwa, isayizi, inombolo yezinto. Izicelo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa imiqondo kwendawo, wayekwenza ngesikhathi kulezi zifundo izimfanelo lezingane zasenkulisa njengoba ukufika ngesikhathi, nokubekezela. Umzimba kanye umculo amakilasi sifake izinto yomdlalo. Mathematics lubaluleke ngesikhathi ishaja, umsebenzi. imidlalo Outdoor umnakekeli isebenzisa ukuzizuzela kokuqala Tibalo.Sib wafunda eklasini. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, FEMP eqenjini phakathi futhi eqhutshwa kulezi njengoba sishaywa umoya, izwe uhambo.

Basics amasu FEMP

Njengoba base ukufundisa zona amakhono esikoleni ukusebenzisa izindlela didactic: ukungaguquguquki, ukungaguquguquki, ukwehluka, ukungaguquguquki. Ulwazi ukuthi uthisha ithumela izingane ekilasini ukuba ekilasini eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ikhumbula ezingeni yentuthuko kwezingane. Ukuphinda ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile ngendima-ukudlala imidlalo. Mathematics iba esikoleni kuncike ozithandayo, bayajabula ukuba sifeze umsebenzi uthisha, ngifuna letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile e izinto, ukugxila ezincane, ukuthola impendulo yalo umeluleki mbuzo.

ukuqeqeshwa Ukuthuthukisa

Amakilasi ezihilela ukusetshenziswa othisha befundisa, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene: ngeso, imidlalo ubuchwepheshe: izingxoxo ngamazwi, imidlalo ongaphandle, ngezinhloko phambi.

A indawo ekhethekile imfundo zasenkulisa wezibalo kungokwalabo ekuthuthukiseni ukuqeqeshwa. Noma yimuphi okufingqiwe FEMP eqenjini phakathi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izinsiza-kufundisa (iziqondiso, tinkhulumo, imidwebo, izithombe), ngakho izingane uthole isithombe esiphelele mayelana lezinto, izakhiwo zawo kanye nezici.

Izimfuneko Izinsiza-kufundisa Ngempumelelo e zasenkulisa

Kuye izinselele wokufundisa izici ngamunye kanye nobudala kwezingane, kunemithetho ethile ukuthi kumele kube ngokugcwele umugqa ezibukwayo izinto zezibalo:

• ezihlukahlukene usayizi, umbala, ijamo,
• kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa e Ekwenza Umlingiswa imidlalo;
• ashukumisayo, amandla, ukuzinza;
• izici tebuciko;

E. V. Serbina, encwadini yakhe inikeza "iziyalezo ezemfundo," okubhekisele uthisha zasenkulisa:

• "Ungasheshi ne umphumela." Njalo ingane eba "simo" yayo, kubalulekile ukuqondisa ke kunokuzama ukusheshisa elamukelekile.
• "Promotion - indlela engcono kakhulu empumelelweni." GCD ngu FEMP eqenjini phakathi kuhlanganisa ngephromoshini yanoma ikuphi ingane umzamo. Umhlinzeki kumele uthole lezo zikhathi okuyiwona angakhuthaza ingane. I ezisheshayo simo, ngadala umfundi ngamunye, kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo amakhono okunengqondo, kukhulise nesithakazelo mathematics.

Imininingwane ukusebenza esikoleni

yobudala Preschool akusho ukusetshenziswa izimpawu ezingezinhle, sola nguthishela. Akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa ipumelelo ingane nge imiphumela omunye umfundi, kuphela ukuhlaziywa evumelekile ngabanye ukukhula preschooler. Thishela kumele asebentise ku izindlela namasu ezibangela izigceme yakhe isithakazelo esiqotho. Amakilasi "ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu" ukwenza okuhle akukho, kunalokho, wona aholela ekwakhekeni Umbono ophambene izibalo, amakhono Computing. Uma kukhona komuntu kanye nobuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwengane umeluleki wakhe yibhange Chile oqondile.

Amaforamu zasenkulisa wezibalo imfundo

Uhlelo zasenkulisa wezibalo imfundo sihlelelwe ukufunda izigaba ezilandelayo: i-value, inombolo zeJiyomethri, orientation in space ngesikhathi. Eminyakeni emine, izingane zifunda amakhono, ukusetshenziswa izinombolo ngokubala, ukuqhuba temlomo imisebenzi elula yezamakhompyutha. ungakwazi ukudlala imidlalo emabhuloki letingemasayizi lahlukene e esithile esinikeziwe, imibala, bobunjwa.

Ngesikhathi lo mdlalo, uthisha eba izingane amakghono alandelako:

• yokusingatha izinto, izinombolo, izinto, ukuthola izinguquko lesilula ijamo, ubungako,
• ukuqhathanisa, nje okungaqondile amaqembu lezinto, ofanayo, ukuzehlukanisa kwemithetho;
• ukuzimela, ubunzima, plan yokusesha isenzo

isiphetho

GEF ngoba preschools iqukethe uhlu labo imiqondo ezidinga zimiswe at ababethweswa iziqu enkulisa. Ikusasa lokuqala Ababumbi uzobe ukuma izinto, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezakheke ehlukahlukene Jomethri ezaziwayo, osayizi emizimbeni. Ukuze uqhathanise izinto ezimbili weJiyomethri, ingane eneminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala isebenzisa nemakhono ekukhuluma ngetimphawu kanye nasemakhonweni okuhlakanipha. Ucwaningo kanye nomklamo amasu ukusiza ukuthuthukisa e izingane ilukuluku. Uthisha ekuthuthukiseni naleminye imisebenti leyehlukene yeTibalo ukhetha labo amafomu kanye nezindlela umsebenzi ayengeke neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni egcwele esikoleni. Ngo enkulisa, kwasekuqaleni akusiyo okuqukethwe ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kanye ekwakhekeni umfundi esikhathini esizayo.