UMnyango Fern: izici ezivamile isici. Zingaki ngempela izinto eziphilayo Izinhlobo

umnyango Fern bakha izitshalo semithambo, ezihlanganisa zombili yesimanje futhi lasendulo ephakeme. Manje kukhona angaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ezinjengohlinzamfuku, okuyizinto okwandile emhlabeni wonke, angahlangabezana okuyinto kuphi emhlabeni.

izici Jikelele Fern, igama zinhlobo

Ese babe izimo best for ukukhula kwabo. Lapha kukhona abaningi kakhulu zama-ezinjengohlinzamfuku, ezimila hhayi nje endaweni eyomile, kodwa ngisho iziqu amahlumela izihlahla.

Fern isitshalo ingatholakala emifantwini yamadwala, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, ezindongeni zezakhiwo, verges komgwaqo. izindawo Dark kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo mahle zizalela lianovidnyh futhi zohlinzamfuku, futhi eside elintantayo bukhoma eduze kwamanzi. Abanaso amehlo, kodwa ikuyo yonke indawo ngenxa undemanding yayo sikhule.

Izinhlobo zethu amahlathi

Ngo Ezindaweni zethu, lapho isimo sezulu is esipholile zohlinzamfuku azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa, kodwa zisetshenziswa zinhlobo herbaceous Izinhlobo ngokwanele. Uma ubheka kwezinhlobo eziningi kanjani Izinhlobo ezikhulayo e-Russia, babeyoqabuleka zibe yikhulu. I Izinhlobo ezivamile nentshe Fern, lady-Fern futhi Japanese, Dryopteris besilisa mnogoryadniki, listovik skolopendrovy, Pteridium aquilinum.

Izitshalo kufakwe Fern ahlukaniswe zihluke elula ephansi, ezifana ulwelwe, khona isiqu, izimpande namaqabunga, ezithinta izici zabo.

Iziqu, rhizomes isakhiwo sabo

Stem Izinhlobo athuthukile hhayi kakhulu. Yena ulula futhi ezincane. Ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, kukhona tropical zohlinzamfuku, benesimo uqonde neziqu, phezu okuyinto kukhona umqhele elincane ehlanganisa amahlamvu ngokwanele ezinkulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, izitshalo Fern herbaceous ube mfushane sifanamsindvo, ngokuthi rhizomes. I rhizomes zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili, kuye ukuma nendawo amaqabunga nezimpande.

Uhlobo lokuqala lihlanganisa rhizomes, impande pridatochny lapho itholakala ohlangothini engezansi bese ushiya phezulu. Uhlobo lwesibili rhizomes ebusweni nombala embozwe amahlamvu nezimpande. I rhizomes izinhlobo ezithile Fern kungaba anobuthi.

amahlamvu Izici

Amahlamvu, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-stem, makhulu futhi usinda kakhulu. Kwezinye zama-Fern angakhula amahlamvu kuze kube amathathu metres ubude. Iningi Fern leaf petiole futhi dissected pinnate ipuleti elinendawo induku eyaphenduka okungukuthi uhlobo isandiso stem.

Khula kusuka rhizomes amahlamvu abasha curled ukubukeka. Apical ukukhula Fern leaf kugcinwa isikhathi eside. Leli qiniso ngempela ezithakazelisayo, njengoba kukhula amaqabunga izitshalo ephakeme ngokuphelele ngeke ejwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa isitshalo udaba eziphilayo, amahlamvu kwezinye zezinhlobo Izinhlobo kukhona izidumbu spore.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Kukhona ezinjengohlinzamfuku, amahlamvu, okungaba izinto ezingafani nhlobo. Ngesinye kanti amacembe efanayo isitshalo azinamagciwane, ngaphandle sporangium namaqabunga, okuyizinto sporangium. amahlamvu maKristu abizwa evundile, lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Latin - efaka umquba.

Lezinhlamvu kwezinhlobo eziningi zitholakala ezansi ebusweni emuva ishidi. Njengoba kwenzeka ngeningi izitshalo ephakeme, inqubo yokuzala e Izinhlobo kwenzeka uma ezinhlamvu abavuthiwe. imfundo Special, lapho tinchabano ngokuthi sporangium ukuthuthukisa. A inqwaba enkulu ezinhlamvu ahlelwe eduze komunye nomunye ukuze kwakhiwe Sori. Banjengemafu "izikhwama", lapho tinchabano zigcinwa.

Uma lezinhlamvu sezivuthiwe, ehlatshwa, basuke ulele ngumoya awela induduzo izimo ezikhulayo. Ngokushesha kusuka ezinhlamvu imila kwakhiwa ipuleti encane green kokuba ububanzi kuphela kwangu ambalwa, okuyinto Fern prothallia.

gametes

Lokhu zarostok ziqale ukuphila kwazo nge-sinamathele emhlabathini by zabo asamicwana. On the engxenyeni engezansi ukuthuthukisa gametes iduna nensikazi (amaqanda nesidoda). amanzi Dropwise noma amazolo, okuyinto ibambezeleke prothallia, isidoda amaseli ezilethwa amaqanda, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza kokukhulelwa.

gymnosperms Fern zihlukaniswa kusuka kwamanye zinhlobo ihlumela. Umehluko omkhulu - kabusha impova gametes abangaphakathi kwayo. Impova eyalo umoya olude. Imbewu akhiwa Izigaxa, abanayo igobolondo, abizwa kanjalo gymnosperms.

yobudala efanayo izibankwakazi

Fern ahlukaniswe isindala kakhulu ke kanye nezinye izitshalo ezimibalabala ukuthi ungqimba ebusweni emhlabathini. Ngo le Carboniferous isikhathi e izimbuku ihlathi ezindaweni ngaphezu omkhulu horsetails futhi club wona wakhula lasendulo ezinjengohlinzamfuku, okuyinto ukufinyelela eziphakemeyo amathathu kwamamitha.

On izingcezu amalahle zisekhona kunyatheliswa amaqabunga amakhulu esikhulu zohlinzamfuku. Manje ukusakaza Fern waphawula emhlabeni wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu. Zitholakala kokubili ezindaweni ezishisayo ashisayo futhi izingxenye enyakatho yezwe.

Izinkathi zonyaka nethonya yabo plant Fern. Entwasahlobo uqala ukukhula nokwakheka kwalo, futhi eduze ekwindla, lezi izinqubo kumisiwe. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ihlamvu ukufa kwenzeka, kodwa kukhona kwezinhlobo lapho kukhona ubusika zabo futhi bahlale oluhlaza, ukukhumbula ukuthi kwa-ezishisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo siluhlaza Izinhlobo, futhi, ahlale eluhlaza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Igama elithi "Fern" livela kahle eliyindilinga amahlamvu ibukeke ipeni. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo spore ephakeme, Izinhlobo ube ukubaluleka okukhulu emvelweni ngokwemvelo, isibonelo, kukhona izakhi ebalulekile ehlathini.

ukusetshenziswa commercial

Division Fern, has isicelo ububanzi bendlu. Ngakho izakhamuzi Kwamanye amazwe asetshenziswa ukudla core amahlumela amasha ezinjengohlinzamfuku, kokuba ngesimo esihlahleni. Lezi zingcezu enososo usawoti. Ngokwesibonelo, ezidliwayo kuyinto "Pteridium aquilinum," esesikhundleni wokuqukethwe lelisetulu wamaprotheni ne isitashi emaqabungeni azo.

izinhlobo eziningi Fern asetshenziswa njengoba izithako izidakamizwa ngokumelene izimuncagazi emathunjini. umphumela Ukuhlanza has impande nezitshalo isetshenziswa okukhipha ubuthi, futhi bephathwa izilonda, eczema, ubuhlungu bekhanda, izilonda. Izimpande anganikela ekubuyiselweni egcwele ukusebenza kahle uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

amahlamvu zokuhlobisa

Ngenxa amaqabunga ayo ezinkulu amahle dissected, Fern livame ukusetshenziswa njengoba umhlobiso izingadi namapaki. Ngokwesibonelo, Izinhlobo "marsilea quadrifolia" isetshenziswa umhlobiso machibi futhi batshala ngqo emanzini. Fern, okuyinto inegama "Nephrolepis" Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa njengenhlangano unesitshalo Ornamental, edonsa abantu for amaqabunga ayo ezinkulu openwork.

Amanzi Izinhlobo zibizwa kabanzi njengendlela imihlobiso for okugcinwa. Ngaphezu decor, Izinhlobo ezifana zinendima eqakathekileko ekufanele ukuqinisekisa abakhileyo umoya-mpilo. Kanjani izinhlobo eziningi Izinhlobo bekungakabhekwana, zozela zonke, zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yehlathi.

abameleli ezinesihlungu

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphe, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo Izinhlobo zinobuthi. Izitshalo dryopteridaceae umndeni, kukhona eziyingozi kakhulu, njengoba okuqukethwe rhizomes yabo aqukethe amagama ahlobene ezinobuthi of phloroglucinol. Noma kunjalo Dryopteris babe ayelapha futhi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha helminthiasis.

Njengoba singabona, banayo izakhiwo eziningi ewusizo, ngakho udinga ukuvikela Izinhlobo. Ukuvakashela Forest Park futhi akudingeki ukuba uhlukane Izinhlobo ezikhulayo izimbali behlobisa ngoba amaqabunga lezi zitshalo zasendulo ukulimala ubhujiswe ngokushesha futhi ulahlekelwe kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo.

Lesi sitshalo kuba alithandeki, nabashwabeneyo, wilted futhi umane kulahliwe. Ngenxa ezifana izenzo inani izitshalo endala kokuba izakhiwo ewusizo isisindo incipha. Izici unique Fern kudingeka ukubaphatha ukuzwela kakhulu.