Ukukhiqizwa Cooperative - lena ... uMthetho ama cooperatives ukukhiqizwa. Ibhizinisi elisemthethweni - wokubambisana

Business - kusho hhayi kuphela ukuzinothisa wona, kodwa indlela ngokwezinga elikhulu lwezimali kuleyo ndawo noma elinye ibhizinisi, okuyinto kakhulu bahlakulele ingxenye amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi. Ukwazi lokhu, iningi ohulumeni benza izenzo ezibonisa isekela (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ephepheni) izakhamuzi imizamo.

Enye indlela ezinjalo zamabhizinisi iyona wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu yokuzithandela (!) Ukuhlangana yisiphi isakhamuzi ngesisekelo ubulungu ngenjongo yomsebenzi ezimbonini. Njengomthetho, amalungu wokubambisana ngabanye ahileleke inqubo ukukhiqizwa noma ukusekela kuyo indiza lobuchwepheshe noma impahla. Ngamunye co-op - engokomthetho. Kunoma ikuphi, ngasinye abahlanganyeli has a share umnikelo siqu. Wabuyela, uma ngabe sisebenti lincibilika inkampani.

Noma yimuphi zokukhiqiza wokubambisana - kuyinto inkampani eyasungulwa ngenhloso inzuzo. Uma eyayifunwa imibhalo abalekeleli nezinye izinhlangano ezingokomthetho bangahlanganyela emisebenzini yayo. Nansi lokho co-op.

umthetho kahulumeni

Zonke imisebenzi izinkampani ezifana kulawulwa uMthetho Federal, eyamukelwa ngo-10 Ephreli 1996. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu ke iye yamukelwa zoMthetho Federal "Ngo-co-operatives ukukhiqizwa" ngo-May 8, 1996. ukudla kwabo jikelele le mibuzo elandelayo:

• Ukunqunywa wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa.
• amalungelo Eyisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi yamalungu ayo.
• Inhlangano nokuqedwa ibhizinisi.
• Okunye nezindaba ukuze kubhekwe yithi kulo iphepha (nazo ezibekwe zoMthetho Federal "Ngo-co-operatives ukukhiqizwa", kodwa ifomu olujiyile ngaphezulu).

Imithetho kanye sasithi isimiso ibhizinisi kumele akuphikisani soMthethosisekelo kanye neminye imithetho WaseRussia.

Ithini inombolo lamalungu le co-op?

Ngaphansi komthetho kazwelonke we amalungu kasoseshini ukukhiqizwa ningangeni esihlala abantu abangaphansi kuka emihlanu. It usumisiwe ukuthi kungaba kokubili izakhamuzi zombuso wethu, futhi bamazwe kwamandla angaphandle. Okwamanje lesi (isilinganiso) ibhizinisi elincane akuhlukile nezinye izinhlangano ezisebenza ezweni lethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvunyelwe ukubanjwa kweqhaza sabantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo. Njengoba sishilo kakade, enhlanganweni kungaba iqhaza nezinye inhlangano esemthethweni. Inkampani ungakwenza ngabameleli zabo ngesisekelo evunywe imibhalo ephambili.

Ngubani kungaba ilungu wokubambisana?

Lolu hlu labahlanganyeli Ungafaka noma yimuphi umuntu ofinyelele engu-16, zimise share umnikelo kulesi sikhwama jikelele le co-op. Okubalulekile! Ukubekezelelana abantu abenze share umnikelo, iqhaza ekuphathweni ngqo enkampanini, kodwa ungenzi lutho siqu zabasebenzi iqhaza emisebenzini yayo. Inani labantu elinjalo lingase linganeli ezingaphezu kuka-25% inani lamalungu, kwabona abake baba ukukhonza wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa sokusabalalisa fair inzuzo etholakele ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo.

Ubukhulu Unit Trust

Imithetho lingashoni Ubukhulu bayo. Kungase kuphakame Ukungabaza ikhono co-op sika ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zakhe, kodwa kulokhu umthetho uthi zonke amalungu alolu hlobo amabhizinisi futhi kukhona mathupha (inkampani) umthwalo wonke izikweletu abasafufusa.

Yini edala?

Njengoba sishilo kakade, ukudalwa wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa kuphela inzuzo. Kulesi ibhizinisi okudalwe kungase uzibandakanye kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi esingavunyelwe kungavunyelwe ensimini ka ezweni lethu. Qaphela ukuthi ukwenziwa amaqembu athile umkhiqizo kumelwe futhi ukuthola amalayisensi ekhethekile.

ibhodi

Umhlangano amalungu le co-op, nomzimba main wokubusa kwakhe. Uma inani lamalunga idlula abantu amahlanu, ingase wanquma wamisa ikomiti asimeme ekhethekile. Uma sikhuluma emizimbeni eliphezulu, izindima zabo futhi esivuna wokubusa kwakhe (kanye / noma usihlalo wokubambisana).

Okubalulekile! amalungu ebhodi (nosihlalo) kungenzeka nje umuntu ayehileleke ngokuqondile imisebenzi izinhlangano angamalungu alo. Qaphela ukuthi lokuba yilungu leqembu lezinhloli kokubili ibhodi lokuphatha kanye ibhodi akunakwenzeka.

Kwezinye izimo, umhlangano jikelele?

kunesiqiniseko esingokomthetho sokuthi kungase umhlangano jikelele wonke amalungu wokubambisana ubizwe Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthi ngandlela-thile ezihlobene nebhizinisi. Nakuba kunezimo ezingavamile lapho kwemihlangano enjalo esikudinga ngempela:

• Endabeni ukuvunyelwa isimiso noma, uma kudingeka, wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko kuwo.
• Ukunquma isiqondiso kwenhlangano.
• Ezimweni lapho isinqumo noma uxoshwe amalungu wokubambisana.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqoqwa kuyadingeka ngoba isinqumo ukusungulwa usayizi Isikhwama mutual, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwamabhizinisi izimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela temabhizimisi (kokuthola utshalomali) kubuye akwenzeki ngaphandle kwemvume izinyathelo ezinjalo ngamalungu inhlangano.
• Yiqiniso, ngaphandle lesi senzo akwakhi Ikomidi eliphethe, kanye ekunqanyulweni noma ukwamukelwa abanye imisebenzi esiphethe nezinye izitho weKomidi. Nokho, uma usomqulu sinikela ngelungelo lomhlangano Supervisory ukunquma imibuzo esinjalo, mhlangano ngeke aphethwe.
• Kuyadingeka, uma kwakhiwa co-op is ekomidini kuhlaziywe noma iyeke imisebenzi yayo.
• Ngo ekuvunyweni imibiko yonyaka, iziphetho kwamabhuku noma ukubalwa kwezimali, kanye ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo etholakale ngenxa imisebenzi wokubambisana.
• Futhi umhlangano oluphethwe, uma inhlangano ngokwayo ku idilize.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile endabeni ukusungulwa noma ekucwileni ezikweletini kwanoma amagatsha.
• Ekugcineni, amalungu wokubambisana bayahamba, uma wanquma ukujoyina ezinye kwezinyunyana nezinhlangano.

Ngakho, le co-op ukukhiqizwa - kuyinto ibhizinisi ephelele, esesikhundleni ukuqapha yayo futhi izinhlangano ngokufeza.

Eminye imininingwane mayelana nomhlangano

Uma olunikezwa sisekelo, umhlangano wamalungu lingathathwa, nezinye izixazululo. Esimweni lapho ilungelo elinjalo kugcinelwe sibhekiswe kuleyo nhlangano, umhlangano kumele abe khona ngesikhathi esifanayo kuka 50% wabo bonke amalungu ibhizinisi ubani mathupha iqhaza emisebenzini yayo. Isinqumo Itholwa ivoti elula, umphumela ivoti nokubala. Nokho, lapho kungenzeka esethula ezinye ngezinye izindlela, kodwa zonke kumele ngokucacile sisekelo ibhizinisi. Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu isabelo sawo, ilungu wokubambisana ngamunye unelungelo ivoti elilodwa.

Uma sikhuluma ukuchibiyela umthetho-sisekelo wenhlangano noma kabusha yayo (ngaphandle nje kunjalo ukuguqulwa ibe ngokubambisana ibhizinisi noma inkampani) kanye naku-ukuvalwa, isinqumo lingathathwa kuphela uma uvotela okungenani ¾ lamalungu wokubambisana. Ngo ubudlelwano ibhizinisi noma inkampani, inkampani kungenziwa kabusha kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi lesi sinqumo sathathwa ngazwi linye.

Kuleso simo, uma ufuna ukwamukela noma ukubeka isakhamuzi enhlanganweni, lesi sinqumo zingenziwa ubuncane 2/3 lamavoti. Zonke yizinto ezingabalulekile kuphela ekhono Assembly, angeke sidluliselwe kwabanye amakomiti esiphezulu kwakheka ngaphakathi ibhizinisi.

IKomiti Supervisory

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, ngesikhathi ukukhula zobukhulu wokubambisana amalungu ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu Assembly of the isinqumo sekomiti asimeme kungadalwa, ogama imisebenzi futhi kufanele ngokushesha fixed ngezimiso. Sishilo kakade ukuthi kuphela ilungu le nhlangano ingase ibe ilungu lelo komidi. Inombolo ekomidini abasebenzi, kanye nobude besikhathi ngokuya sawo sokuba sezikhundleni zinqunywa imiphumela emhlanganweni.

Abakhethiwe IBhodi Supervisory woba ilungelo lokukhetha engusihlalo walo. omhlangano weKomiti kwenziwe uma kunesidingo, kodwa okungenani - njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Naphezu kwamandla alo, amalungu Supervisory IBhodi musa Unelungelo afeze noma isiphi isenzo okunenjongo engxenyeni yabo bonke co-operative. Ngokuphambene, izindaba okumele kubhekwane esikhethwe igunya lokuphatha azinakuxazululwa Umhlangano amalungu wokubambisana.

Okunye emizimbeni esiphethe inkampani

Izidumbu esiphezulu asetshenziselwa ukulawula zonke nsuku zonke ibhizinisi imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma abantu co-op ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi, kumele akhethwe amalunga ebhodi. Isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni is ngokushesha kubonakala kulesi siVumelwano. Icabangela zonke izingqinamba zokukhiqiza eziphakamayo wokubambisana esikhathini esiphakathi emihlanganweni jikelele kwamalungu ayo. enekhono ikhambi zonke izinkinga ezingase anginakubuswa nezinye izindikimba esiphezulu.

Eliholwa usihlalo webhodi. Khetha ke wonke amalungu wokubambisana emhlanganweni ojwayelekile, abazobhapathizwa bavuma kungenzeka kuphela labo bantu. Uma inkampani isivele wakwazi ukwakha Ikomidi eliphethe, abazobhapathizwa bavuma eliphakanyiswe engusihlalo wesigungu ingabe. Kunoma yikuphi, amandla ayo kufanele ngokuqinile lelipelwe kulo mthetho-sisekelo.

Ngakho, ngokushesha nje lapho udinga ukusetha umkhawulo wesikhathi ngaphakathi lapho usihlalo unelungelo ukusebenza, ukudweba nobubanzi ecacile amandla ayo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni ilungelo nokuchitha impahla kwenhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo mqulu main ulwazi olulandelayo kuyongenwa e izimo saziso: inkokhelo, imithelela ukulimala futhi ngokulimala ibhizinisi.

Uma co-op kakade unomthetho ku Articles of Association uzakuba uhlu lwezindaba ukuthi usihlalo unelungelo lokunquma e yedwa kwesokudla.

Njengomthetho, amandla anikezwe kwanele ukusebenza egameni le co-op ngaphandle simenze amandla ehlukile lommeli. Kungenzeka wokubambisana zonke izitho kukamasipala kanye uhulumeni, kanye bachithe (e imingcele kahle ichazwe) impahla inhlangano. yena kuphela onelungelo ukuphetha izinkontileka futhi asayine amandla ommeli (ikakhulukazi leyo angaphansi ilungelo esikhundleni), ukuvula kanye nama-akhawunti eduze, ukwamukela kanye uchithe abasebenzi abasha (uma nto isimiso). Kunoma ikuphi, elawulwa ngokuphelele womhlangano jikelele namalungu enhlangano.

Mayelana Commission Audit

Esimweni lapho kukhona isidingo ukulawula ukusebenza kwezimali zebhizinisi, umhlangano walo jikelele ikomiti ekhethekile kungenzeka ekhethiwe. Uma isibalo amalungu Inkampani okungenani amabili, ngoba umhloli isikhundla esisodwa kungaba esimisiwe. Akunakusetshenziswa kufanele ilungu Commission Audit kungase kungabi umsebenzi kwenye isigungu se co-op.

Ikhomishini sisungula isibopho ukuze uyohlolwa oluphelele ngesimo sezimali inkampani esidlule sokubika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakhiqiza ehloliwe ingxenye yezimali ka imiyalelo olukhethekile emhlanganweni jikelele amalungu wokubambisana, le Supervisory iBhodi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo engaphezu kuka-10% abasebenzi kwenhlangano.

Ivunyelwe futhi uhlole ekuthatheni isinyathelo siqu amalungu ikhomishana. Wonke amalungu alo Unelungelo ukucela kusuka kunoma imaphi umqondisi zonke imibiko edingekayo yezimali nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye namanye amadokhumenti.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa enikeziwe ukuze acutshungulwe lomhlangano jikelele amalungu nokuthunywa asimeme. Uma kwekhono amalungu kwekomiti lokuhlola amabhuku akwanele hlandla nye eziyinkimbinkimbi nezindaba ezimali, futhi banelungelo bahlanganyele bamabhuku bangaphandle (noma amafemu audit), uma layisensi ukuqhuba iphethini ejwayelekile.

Okubalulekile! Uma ukuhlolwa okudingekayo 10% abasebenzi wokubambisana, izindleko konke ukuqasha mabhuku (uma kunesidingo) esakhokhwa kubo.

Uyini umthwalo wemfanelo le co-op ukukhiqizwa?

Uma uneminye nezinkinga zalowo inhlangano ihlangabezana zonke ezikhona impahla yakhe. Charter wokubambisana nayo idinga ubukhulu nezimo of icala ngokuzibona, okuyinto onikezwe wonke amalungu enhlanganweni, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu kuvulwa lolu phiko. Ukuze kwezibopho abasebenzi ngabanye, inkampani akuyena obangela nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kungokufanayo kuthiwa umthetho "Ngo-co-operatives ukukhiqizwa".

Kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi ilungu wokubambisana ukukhokha izikweletu, ukubaluleka eyeqa izindleko uquqaba izimpahla zalo, it is elivunyelwe nokuvulwa bonke bukhona. Nokho, i-fund indivisible nezinye imali inkampani kulokhu ayikwazi abathintekayo noma kunjalo. Ngakho, le co-op ukukhiqizwa iyinkampani classic kanye isibopho sezomthetho ezengeziwe.

Uhlu kwemibhalo ephambili

Ngeke ibe mifitjhani, njengoba kule dokhumenti inkampani charter kuphela. It liyadingeka ukuze ukhokhe igama eliphelele kwenhlangano, kanye ulwazi mayelana nendawo yayo ngokomzimba. Kuyinto kulo mthetho-sisekelo kufanele inikezwe lonke ulwazi mayelana ubukhulu umnikelo, kanye nemibandela isicelo sabo. Kukhona futhi esifanelana ku wemfanelo amalungu ulwazi wokubambisana ephula oda ukuzithoba kwabo, kanye nemibandela siqu zabasebenzi iqhaza emisebenzini ye ibhizinisi. Kwamanye ukwephulwa kungenziwa izinhlawulo noma ezinye izinyathelo, imininingwane nayo ezilotshwe isimiso isicelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube ulwazi ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo futhi ukulahlekelwa, kanye zaveza ngokuningiliziwe kungumsebenzi wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa nawo wonke amalungu alo. Ngokuphelele futhi ngokuningiliziwe enkulu uchaza imisebenzi kanye namandla we izidumbu esiphezulu, kuhlanganise lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho izinqumo zingenziwa engusihlalo wesigungu ngokulandelana kuphela.

Lapho kuziwa ukwesulwa kobulungu enhlanganweni, idokhumenti futhi wenza ulwazi indlela yokukhokha yomnikelo, futhi kufanele kubhekwe inqubo yokuvuma amalungu amasha nokungavunyelwa abasebenzi enkampanini. Kukhona futhi izimpawu enemininingwane yena inqubo okukhiphayo kusukela amalungu wokubambisana, kanye zonke izimo lapho kungase inhlangano party ayifakiwe ke. Made futhi ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke amagatsha etholakalayo, kanye nokwenzeka kabusha kanye nokuqedwa ephelele. Ngo inqubo inhlangano ye-sisekelo wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa kukhonjelwe nenye idatha ezidingekile ukusebenza kwawo.

On ekuguquleni ...

Njengoba siye okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, ngokuvumelana isinqumo abavumelene lomhlangano jikelele inkampani ingase kabusha ukwakha ubambiswano noma ibhizinisi. Inqubo yokudlulisa enjalo eqondiswa ngumthetho, bona kumelwe siqondiswe yiwo wonke ama cooperatives ezimbonini kanye umthengi.

Yiziphi amalungelo amalungu wokubambisana?

Okokuqala, umsebenzi ngamunye unelungelo ukuba bahlanganyele emisebenzini ibhizinisi, futhi ine nevoti elilodwa emhlanganweni ojwayelekile le co-op. Abasebenzi futhi kungase ngokwabo bakhethwe ukuba yonke imigwamanda esiphezulu, kanye ekomidini zokuqapha.

Uma kukhona isizathu, amalungu ibhizinisi khulula Unelungelo lokwenza iziphakamiso nokwenza kwenhlangano, kanye isimangalo mayelana amaphutha kwembulwe umsebenzi abaphathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amalungu wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa uzakuba nelungelo bukhona inzuzo, okuyinto etholwe ngenxa yomsebenzi ukukhiqizwa ibhizinisi.

Ilungu ngalinye may wokubambisana ngasiphi isicelo isikhathi ulwazi oludingekayo izikhulu zenhlangano, kanye nganoma isiphi isikhathi bahoxe ekungeneleni Group, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwakufanele bakhokhe equivalent lemali usayizi share yayo umnikelo. Uma amalungelo isisebenzi adicilelwe, ufanelwe ukuba zisebenze ezinkantolo, kuhlanganise ukudluliswa kwamacala ezinqumo amalungu ebhodi, ngubani ngandlela-thile ukuthi kuphula izithakazelo wonke amalungu wokubambisana.

Yiqiniso, kule isimiso (nemithetho WaseRussia) sinikela ngelungelo lokuthola umvuzo, okuyinto ibalwa inani siqu zabasebenzi iqhaza kwabasebenzi kunhlangano. Ngokuvamile, konke lokhu kwaziswa iqukethe umthetho "Ngo-co-operatives ukukhiqizwa", okuyinto sishilo ngenhla.

Imisebenzi amalungu wokubambisana

Umsebenzi kufanele afake esivivaneni yabelana, kanye iqhaza emisebenzini yenhlangano, balithathe ngqo zabasebenzi iqhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi sibophekile ukuba silalele yonke imithetho futhi ukulandela ezinye izimiso, okuyinto yamukelwa ibhodi le co-op. Futhi, wonke amalungu wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa uzathwala isibopho sezomthetho osizayo, okuyinto kufanele amboze zonke abasafufusa izikweletu eqinile.

Ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo

Ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo eyenziwe ngesisekelo lacondzene zabasebenzi iqhaza kwabasebenzi kanye usayizi share yayo umnikelo. Uma kuziwa amalungu co-op, abangafuni ukuthatha siqu zabasebenzi emsebenzini kwenhlangano, ke inzuzo isakazwa phakathi kwabo, kucatshangelwa ubukhulu lamasheya ngabanye. Kuleso simo, uma zithathwe ngokuhambisana nesinqumo lomhlangano jikelele, ingxenye imali abayithole kungenzeka kwabelwa abasebenzi. I-oda we ukwabelana inzuzo phakathi kwabo kuleli cala kumele ngokuqinile kulawulwa yisimiso ibhizinisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwamalungu wokubambisana anikezwa futhi imali ukuthi uhlala ngemuva kokukhokha zonke izintela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo saziso. Qaphela ukuthi ubukhulu izimali, okuyinto zihlukaniswe phakathi namalungu enhlangano, ngeke sidlule 50% inzuzo inani, njengoba bonke abanye kufanele iqondiswe ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza futhi ukuqinisekisa solvency jikelele kwebhizinisi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Okwamanje leli fomu tekwenta libhizinisi eliveni lakitsi yikho okuvame okungenani. Iqiniso lokuthi e Kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthola inani elikhulu izisebenzi ezinekhono ngubani ukukunikeza siqu zabasebenzi umnikelo inkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo zixhaswe okuyiwona izobophezeleka amaphutha noma ngamabomu ukuphathwa ubugebengu, akusho ugqozi abangafaka imali emabhizinisini abo futhi abasebenzi ukuba nethemba lokuhle.

Ngamafuphi, Ukuthuthuka kohwebo ezweni lwethu kuxhomeke wavuma ku-co-operatives.