I corona welanga: incazelo, izici, ukukhanya kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Sun - kuba sphere omkhulu amagesi esishisayo ukuthi ikhiqize amandla amakhulu ukukhanya futhi wenze ukuphila Emhlabeni kungenzeka.

Le ndawo yasezulwini mkhulu kakhulu futhi okukhulu kakhulu yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Emhlabeni kuye kusukela ibanga amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-150. Ukuze sifinyelele us ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga kuthatha imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili. Le libanga ibizwa nangokuthi njengoba eziyisishiyagalombili ukukhanya-imizuzu.

Star, ukufudumala umhlaba wethu siqukethe izingqimba eziningana yangaphandle, ezifana photosphere, le chromosphere kanye corona. I engxenyeni engaphandle umkhathi amandla elanga ukuze udale ebusweni ukuthi abagcwele we viscera futhi ubona izinkanyezi, futhi kuchazwa njengokukhanya kwelanga.

Ababamele vneshenego Sun ungqimba

Isendlalelo ukuthi sibona, ebizwa ngokuthi i-photosphere, noma indilinga yokukhanya. Photosphere imakwe elikhanyayo plasma ukubila elimbudumbudu amakhaza mnyama sunspots, okuyinto zenzeka lapho amasimu solar kazibuthe ifohle ebusweni. Amachashaza ayavela siyadlula ukusitha ilanga. Ukubuka lokhu ukunyakaza, lo izazi zezinkanyezi ukuphetha ngokuthi inkanyezi yethu sivuleka axis awo. Njengoba ilanga ayinakho iyasisekela, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene uphendukisa aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Yenkabazwe kuza circle ngokugcwele mayelana 24 izinsuku, ngesikhathi ukujikeleza polar kungathatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 (ukwenza revolution).

Uyini photosphere?

I-photosphere ubuye umthombo ama-solar: amalangabi ukuthi yokwelula amakhulu izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphezu kwamanzi-solar. Ama-solar flare ukukhiqiza Ukuvutha-X-ray, oku-ultraviolet, emisebeni kagesi kanye namagagasi omsakazo. Umthombo-X-ray kanye umsakazo ekushayweni kuyinto ngqo corona welanga.

Uyini chromosphere?

Ezizungezile photosphere, okuyinto udonga lwangaphandle Sun, ebizwa ngokuthi chromosphere. endaweni Esincane ehlukanisa umqhele kusukela chromosphere. Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka likhanya esifundeni shintsho, kusukela degrees eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ku chromosphere ukuba abangaphezu kwesigidi degrees ku corona. Chromosphere likhipha ngokubomvu luminescence kuyinto esishisa bhé by the amandla omlilo hydrogen. Kodwa obomvu usebe kungabonwa kuphela phakathi kwelanga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhanya chromosphere, ngokuvamile ayinamandla ukubona ngalo i isizinda photosphere elikhanyayo. kwabantu plasma uwela ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa esifundeni inguqulelo ihamba phezulu kusuka chromosphere kuya corona.

Uyini corona solar? incazelo

Izazi zezinkanyezi njalo kwenziwe ucwaningo imfumbe owabuzwa a corona welanga. Yini Lalimeleleni?

Lesi simo solar noma olwelwesini. Leli gama wanikezwa ngenxa ukubukeka kwakhe kuba sobala lapho kukhona ilanga lisitheka khona. I izinhlayiya kusukela corona aphelela emkhathini futhi, eqinisweni, ukufinyelela orbit eMhlabeni. Leli fomu ikakhulu kunqunywa kazibuthe. Amaelectrons khulula bathuthe corona kanye imigqa emkhakheni kazibuthe yakha izakhiwo eziningi ezahlukene. Amafomu, okuyinto nasemkhakheni corona ngenhla sunspots ngokuvamile ube ukuma ukhamba, okuyinto waphinda kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulandele imigqa kazibuthe. Kusukela phezulu lezi "nemengamo" ingase streamer eside ezindaweni ibanga ubukhulu solar noma nakakhulu sengathi ezinye inqubo uyahoxa impahla kusuka eziqongweni nemengamo emkhathini. Lokhu kwakuhilela ama-solar wind, olungena ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Izazi zezinkanyezi ukubiza izenzakalo ezinjalo "nesigqoko sokuzivikela streamer" ngenxa kungububi babo kuya nezigqoko igiya ukugqokwa Knights esetshenziswa amanye amasosha aseJalimane kuze 1918

Kuyini umqhele?

Indaba kuyiphi kwakheka corona sikanozungezilanga, lishisa kakhulu, ehlanganisa plasma tenuous. Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi umqhele abangaphezu kwesigidi degrees, okumangalisayo kunalelo lokushisa kobuso Sun, okuyinto mayelana 5500 ° C. Ingcindezi futhi umqhele kwabantu ephansi kakhulu kunalokho emkhathini.

Ukuqaphela bohlu elibonakalayo corona solar, elikhanyayo ekushayweni imigqa at yamaza Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ayihambisani izinto ezaziwayo. Kule ndaba, izazi zezinkanyezi hypothesized ukuba khona "umqhele" njengoba igesi labalulekile eluLwimi corona. Ukuthi lo mkhuba eqiniso liye laqhubeka imfihlakalo kwaze kwaba yilapho bethola ukuthi amagesi coronal ebilayo ngenhla 1.000.000 ° C. Ephambi kwezinduna izakhi ezifana lokushisa eliphezulu ezimbili evelele - hydrogen ne-helium - ngokuphelele bancishwa electron yayo. izinto Ngisho ezincane ezifana carbon, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen likathayela nuclei elingenalutho. yezingxenye ngoyisiwula kusinda (yensimbi ne-calcium) kuphela sikwazi ukuqhubeka ezinye electron zabo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo kulezi zingxenye ionized kakhulu akha imigqa Spectral kuze kube muva nje wahlala Ayindida ngoba izazi zezinkanyezi zokuqala.

Ukukhanya amaqiniso athakazelisayo

ebusweni selanga esikhanya kakhulu futhi, njengoba umthetho, umbono wethu ayitholakali ke emkhathini yelanga, corona kwelanga futhi akubonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Olwelwesini umkhathi mncane kakhulu futhi ebuthaka, ngakho-ke kuyabonakala kuphela kusukela Earth ngesikhathi lapho kuthiwa ukusitheka kwelanga noma nge ekhethekile isibonakude-coronagraph ukuthi ulingisa eclipse, esehlanganise idiski bright libalele. Ezinye coronagraph usebenzisa izibonakude phansi-based, kanti abanye baqhubeka iziphuphutheki.

Ukukhanya corona elanga X-ray kungenxa lokushisa yayo enkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-photosphere solar likhipha kancane kakhulu zama-X ray. It ikuvumela ukubuka umqhele disk kwelanga, uma siyibona e X-ray. Isebenzisa yokukhanya ekhethekile, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ubone X-ray. In the 70s ekuseni ngowokuqala US isikhala esiteshini Skylab esetshenziswa-X-ray isibonakude, nge okwakukhona kuyabonakala corona elanga futhi izindawo solar noma izimbobo kuqala. Phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule kuye kwabizwa omningi ulwazi kanye izithombe corona kwelanga. Ngosizo satellite corona solar kuba kufinyeleleke kalula okubonwa ezintsha nezithakazelisayo weLanga, izici zayo kanye nemvelo ashukumisayo.

izinga lokushisa kwe-Sun

Nakuba isakhiwo engaphakathi core solar kufihliwe uyazibonela ngqo, kumele kuphetfwe nokusetshenziswa onobuhle ezahlukene ukuthi izinga lokushisa esiphezulu ngaphakathi inkanyezi yethu imayelana million 16 degrees (Celsius). I-photosphere - ebusweni ebonakalayo kwelanga - has lokushisa mayelana 6000 degrees Celsius, kodwa kwandisa kakhulu ngqo kusuka degrees 6,000 amadigri ambalwa million corona, eduze amakhilomitha 500 ngaphezu photosphere.

Ilanga elishisayo ngaphakathi kuka ngaphandle. Nokho, umoya elingaphandle ilanga, umqhele empeleni ibavuthela ngaphandle photosphere.

Ekupheleni namathathu banesifo esibi Grotrian (1939) kanye Edlen wathola ukuthi imigqa ongaziwa Spectral ebonwe bohlu we corona solar, izakhi imbuthuma, ezifana yensimbi (Fe), i-calcium (Ca) kanye ne-nickel (Ni) e eliphezulu kakhulu ionization izigaba. Baphetha ngokuthi igesi coronal heats lokushisa kuka 1 million degrees.

Umbuzo othi kungani le corona kushisa kakhulu, luhlala luwuhlamvu lunye we umlutha kakhulu puzzle imidlalo astronomy phezu engu-60 eyedlule. Impendulo isobala kule mibuzo ingucha.

Nakuba corona solar kwanikela ashisayo, liphinde lunesibalo aphansi kakhulu. Ngakho, kuphela ingxenye encane emisebeni lisitheka edingekayo ashona corona. Amandla Imininingwane Babechichima ngu-X ray, kuphela mayelana eyodwa kweziyisigidi luminosity ingqikithi ilanga. Umbuzo obalulekile indlela amandla uyiswa umqhele, futhi yini indlela obangela ezokuthutha.

Izinqubo ze-solar amandla corona

ezahlukene imiqhele supply izindlela eziningana Kuye kwahlongozwa eminyakeni:

• amagagasi Acoustic.

• Fast and kancane magneto-acoustic amagagasi tel.

• Alfven amagagasi umzimba.

• Slow okusheshayo magneto-acoustic amagagasi ebusweni.

• (Ensimini noma kazibuthe) yamanje - ukushabalalisa.

• Ukusakaza izinhlayiya futhi yokucucuza kazibuthe.

Lezi izindlela okufakazelwe kokubili kwakuthiwa kanye Ucwaningo, futhi kuze kube manje, kuphela amagagasi acoustic athola.

Nakuba ukuthi ingakamiswa wafunda, okuyinto iphela mkhawulo we umqhele. Umhlaba kwamanye amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga elise ngaphakathi umqhele. emisebeni Optical we corona is ebonwe 10-20 radii welanga (amashumi ezigidi amakhilomitha) futhi kuhlanganiswe lo mkhuba ukukhanya lwezinkanyezi.

Magnetic ukhaphethi corona solar

Muva nje, "ukhaphethi kazibuthe" kuye kwahlotshaniswa iphazili Ukushisa coronal.

Okubukwa nge isinqumo high ngekwendzawo abonisa ukuthi ebusweni embozwe solar Amasimu ababuthakathaka kazibuthe kakhulu etindzaweni encane polarity okuphambene (ukhaphethi kazibuthe). Lezi lokuhlushwa kazibuthe, kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphuzu ayinhloko amashubhu ngabanye kazibuthe ethwele kagesi.

kokuma kwakamuva lokhu "ukhaphethi kazibuthe" lubonisa amanani ezithakazelisayo: photospheric kazibuthe ngokuqhubekayo ihamba, nihlanganyele, futhi zisabalale ngaphandle isikhathi esifishane. reconnection Magnetic phakathi kazibuthe ka okuphambene polarity ensimini yomphindwa zingashintsha futhi ukudedela amandla kazibuthe. inqubo reconnection futhi eyayiyoholela ukushabalalisa ka imisinga kagesi, okuyinto ukuguqula energy kagesi ku ukushisa.

Lo mbono jikelele umata kazibuthe kanjani kungenzeka baneqhaza Ukushisa coronal. Nokho, ukuze bagomela ngokuthi "ukhaphethi kazibuthe" ekugcineni enquma coronal inkinga Ukushisa akukwazi, njengesibonelo ambalwa of inqubo ingakamiswa ezihlongozwayo.

Ingabe ilanga siyocinywa?

Uhlelo elanga eziyinkimbinkimbi kangaka futhi nhlobo ukuthi izitatimende ukuthusa ezifana: "Ngokushesha Ilanga uyophuma," noma, kunalokho, "elangeni lokushisa liphuma ngokushesha ukuphila Emhlabeni ngeke kwenzeke 'umsindo okungenani iwubuphukuphuku. Ubani ongafaka acagele ezinjalo, bengazi kahle ukuthi izindlela ezibangela le nkinga inkanyezi ongaqondakali?!