Umehluko omkhulu e-Arctic nase-Antarctic: Incazelo kanye nezici

Ukuze ukuncela kangcono umehluko e-Arctic nase-Antarctica, kubalulekile ukuba eminye ukuhlola lezi zindawo kule planethi yethu. Ngamunye wabo inezici yaso ehlukile.

Arctic

Uma ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu Emhlabeni ulandele inaliti yekhampasi ke ekugcineni uzithola ku-North Pole. Lapha ilanga izinyanga eziyisithupha uya aqhelile, bese inani elifanayo akufihlekile. Lena ngenye yama-izici eziphawulekayo kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho iplanethi. Igama elithi "Arctic 'yavela igama lesiGreki, owawuke esiqokiwe umlaza i-Ursa Major. amatilosi Bold nabahloli bamazwe bayengelwa ezweni ongaqondakali embozwe shining ice cap futhi ulwandle nezilwane ezimangalisayo. Ezikhandla umzamo angaphezu kwawabantu nokubonisa intando olungenamkhawulo ngempela, abacwaningi sathuthela eduze North Pole. Vula izindawo, amabhishi namabalazwe ulwandle.

Umahluko phakathi Arctic Antarctica kubonakala degree of remoteness kusukela emngceleni waseRussia. Northern namanzi phansi ocebile amaminerali, phakathi okuyinto hydrocarbon, metal nonferrous, idayimane, nabanye. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa imali kunzima ngoba kwezimo ezinzima zezulu. Small abantu eNorth amakhulu amaningi eminyaka sebejwayele ukuba imvelo wendawo. Bahlala, ukwenza bendabuko ukudoba - ukuzingela, ukudoba kanye nezinyamazane zizalela.

Arctic Isimo Sezulu

Yomuntu eduze ukuqapha izimo sezulu esingesihle kuleya ndawo. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Arctic kanye Antarctica cishe ezingabonakali kule ndaba. kokuma sezulu kumcoka, ngoba elakhiwe izinqubo asemkhathini ezisebenza yonke le mbulunga kulezi zindawo.

sezulu Arctic egxeka: ngisho nezinyanga zasehlobo, emoyeni ukufuthelana cishe zero lokushisa. Ikhava iqhwa akabashiyi acishe never. Bhalisiwe kukhona Ngokuqhubeka imimoya ephezulu. Umsebenzi we uMzila Wasolwandle OseNyakatho bunikezwa iziteshi ekhona polar, basakaza ngokulinganayo ogwini futhi iziqhingi.

Imingcele ye-Arctic

Ukuthola impendulo yombuzo umehluko phakathi kwe-Arctic esuka e-Antarctic, kwaholela ososayensi ukuphenya ngokucophelela. Eyokuqala yalezi kuhlanganisa izifunda kakhulu polar ezintaba zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, kanye ne-Arctic Ocean neziqhingi eziningi. Ayifakiwe kule ndawo kuphela ezweni olwandle eduze eScandinavia.

Yomngcele oseningizimu esifundeni Arctic oluhambisana ukuthi zone nezimfunda. abayizigidi ezingu-27 km ² - ngobukhulu ke, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana ephakeme ukwedlula indawo yaseYurophu. Uma emdeni Arctic ongasichitha ku-Arctic Circle (ngezinye izikhathi ososayensi ukwenza), khona-ke endaweni kuyoba 6 million km ² ngaphansi.

Nature ye-Arctic

Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Arctic, uMnu McKinley, ivuliwe Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, ukuphakama kwayo ingaphezu 6 km. Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-kule ndawo zemvelo ezitholakala hhayi kuphela eziqongweni entabeni, kodwa futhi phezu kwezilwandle. imiphetho zabo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene ukuzehlukanisa, ukwakha Clumps omkhulu - zeqhwa. Bona sikhangwe yenkabazwe, eliqhutshwa Imimoya nemisinga.

Bayahlonishwa ngozankosi ezineqhwa iziqhingi Arctic: banayo indlela domes njalo, ashone emaweni. Ingxenye yalesi siqhingi, mahhala kusuka iqhwa, kuthatha ehlane polar - ezinkulu engapheli futhi imfucumfucu. Ibhande nasogwini Arctic Ocean kuhlala nezimfunda. Kule ndawo, eziningi emaxhaphozini, njengoba eyiqhwa thaws kancane kuphela ngesikhathi ehlobo.

Kukhona amachibi amaningi, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo zitholakala yonke iNhlonhlo Taimyr futhi Kola.

Izimila nezilwane ye-Arctic

Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo etsheni placers abampofu. Ngesisekelo ulele. Ngezikhathi ezithile ungase ukuhlangabezana futhi zezimbali izitshalo: buttercup, ama-poppy elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye utshani kuropatochyu. Phakathi willow izihlahla zikhona birch kanye namafomu yemifino. ukuphakama yabo ingeqi ngamasentimitha ambalwa.

Taimyr futhi Peninsula Kola ehlobo akha amakoloni namahansi. Izilwane sezulu Arctic ahlukile, ngoba kukhona inqwaba zinhlobo ehlukile. Walruses, amabhere Narwhal, izimvu zamanzi, njll Ingabe sizungezwe iqhwa lase-Arctic Ocean.

Tundra kuhlale nezimpisi polar, izimpungushe kanye lemming arctic. Emaweni yalesi siqhingi wakhethwa giant inyoni amakoloni, ezibalelwa emakhulwini ezinkulungwane. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi usesikhundleni eqondile phakathi ukuphumula. ERussia, izilwane Arctic ivikelwe umthetho.

Antarctica

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Arctic kanye Antarctica ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi Laba sise-South Pole Zomhlaba, ngenkathi kuqala - eNorth. Ngaphezu nezwekazi eponymous, sifaka izingxenye izilwandle ezintathu ezungeze iziqhingi: Indian, Atlantic kanye Pacific. Area ezwekazini abangaba yizigidi ezingu-14 amakhilomitha ^2, ngenkathi i-Antarctica cishe izikhathi ezingu-4 aphakeme yayo. Ayikho iyiphi izakhi ezindawo zosizo: .. Rivers, izintaba, njll Yonke zwekazi embozwe iqhwa igobolondo ukushuba 4300 m kule afanayo buhlangene cishe 90% wabo bonke abantu amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Ngaphansi kwalo stratum kukhona izintaba nezintaba-mlilo.

Uhambo ngokusebenzisa Arctic Antarctica kudinga imishini efanayo nokuqeqeshwa, njengoba bobabili izingongolo embozwe iqhwa. Ezwekazini eningizimu izindawo ngaphandle yeqhwa, lapho kukhona amachibi.

Izimila nezilwane Antarctica

Ngezinye izingongolo okuphambene Umhlaba kukhona Arctic Antarctic, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo kanye Ukwakheka zama-eziphilayo. Izinhlobonhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ayiyinhle kakhulu. Imibandela abanokhahlo lapha. On ezindaweni komhlaba ngaphandle yeqhwa kungatholakala kuphela ulele futhi wona, ama-bacterium, ulwelwe encanyana.

Kwezinye izindawo ngasogwini uhlalwe penguins - izinyoni okumangazayo imiphetho nokhahlo. Ababona esekwazi ukundiza, ungahambi beqiniseka kakhulu, kodwa ukubhukuda kakhulu.

I ezizungezile ocean izwekazi owakhiwe, abanye zezilwane ezincelisayo nenhlanzi. Antarctica elingenalo kwemingcele yezizwe nabakwenzayo lokhu futhi ayinaso labantu unomphela. Esikhathini esidlule, kwaba yingxenye izwekazi olulodwa - Gondwana. Kusukela Antarctica alishiye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi sasizungezwe olwandle abandayo zamanje okukhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuthinta yonke ukushuba amanzi wasolwandle, ekuvimbeleni ukungena we nezwekazi eliseningizimu yamanzi ashisayo babesuke efudumele.

Lokhu kuhamba akusho aphule mass ice kuleli zwekazi, okuyinto komphangayo Umhlaba semali energy ezishisayo. Ngenxa lesi simanga eplanethini yethu kukhona zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu, okuyinto anikeza ugqozi nokuqhakaza kwayo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini Antarctic, Antarctica-Arctic? Igama elithi likhuluma okokuqala izwekazi sise-South Pole. Esesibili - a ebanzi xaxa futhi kubandakanya, ngaphezu ezwekazini, ngisho amanzi eduze kwezilwandle ezintathu. Esesithathu umqondo - ocean endaweni emhlabeni emhlabeni North Pole Zomhlaba. Naphezu ngokuvumelana, le migomo emithathu kusho ezindaweni ezahlukene iplanethi yethu.

Arctic Antarctica: ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana

Phakathi kwalezi zindawo kukhona ukufana ezithile:

• Embozwe ungqimba obukhulu ice.
• Cishe izimo lokushisa elifanayo.
• Kunezinhlobo efanayo yezinto eziphilayo.
• Mosses futhi ulele zikhule.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Arctic kanye Antarctica, ungaboniswa ezingu ezilandelayo:

• Arctic - World Ocean esifundeni, futhi i-Antarctica - izwekazi.
• Le ndawo lokuqala cishe 2 izikhathi ephakeme kunaleyo lakamuva.
• flora Arctic acebile nezilwane eyinqaba (zingaki izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sendawo) kuka e-Antarctic.