Izizathu zokwenzeka kwezibopho

Ku-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation, ubuciko. 307-453 engxenyeni jikelele kanye no-454-1109 we-Art. Ngokukhethekile, ucabangela izinhlobo zayo ngokuningiliziwe. Umqondo wezibophezelo ubuhlobo bomthetho obuvela phakathi kwezihloko (umbolekisi kanye nomkweletu), kuboniswe ezenzweni zabo noma ekusebenzisaneni ngokuphathelene nomunye nomunye. Umthetho womphakathi wawungeke ube khona ngaphandle kwemithetho yomthetho.

Okuqukethwe kwesibopho sinelungelo lokumangalelwa (noma ilungelo lokukweleta) kanye nesikweletu (umsebenzi wabathengi). Futhi, izihloko zobudlelwane obunjalo bomthetho zibizwa ngokuthi amaqembu agunyaziwe nezibophezelayo. Zonke izenzo, phambi kwezibopho, umbolekisi wenza ngesicelo sombolekisi.

Isakhiwo sokuqukethwe sihlukanisa izibopho zibe zilula futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izibopho ezilula zilodwa. Zenzeka lapho umbolekisi enikezwa ngamalungelo kuphela, futhi umboleki kuphela ngemisebenzi yokufeza izidingo. Izibopho eziyinkimbinkimbi ziphakathi noma ziphindaphindiwe. Ngaphambi kobuhlobo obunjalo bomthetho, bobabili amaqembu anamalungelo nezibopho.

Uma sikhuluma ngomkweleti nomboleki, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengokwokuqala nesesibili ngesikhathi esifanayo ebuhlotsheni obulodwa bomthetho, abantu abaningana (kodwa ngokucacile bahlongozwa) ohlangothini ngalunye bangenza okufanayo. Lezi zibophezelo ngobuningi babantu.

Izizathu zokwenzeka kwezibopho zihlukaniswe ngezivumelwano futhi azihambisani nesivumelwano.

Izibopho zesivumelwano zichazwe futhi ziqukethe isivumelwano esiphethwe phakathi kombolekisi nombolekisi, kodwa angeke sisekelwe kuphela emthethweni, kodwa futhi esivumelwaneni lapho amaqembu ahlangene khona. Izibopho ezingekho izivumelwano zivela ngesisekelo samanye amaqiniso omthetho ngokuhambisana nomthetho noma ngenxa yentando yohlu olulodwa kuphela lobuhlobo bomthetho.

Izizathu zokubukeka kwezibopho ngaphansi kobudlelwane bomthetho obuvunyelweneyo zingahlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- ukuthengiswa kwempahla;

- umshuwalense;

- ezokuthutha;

- ukuhlinzekwa kokusebenzisa okwesikhashana impahla yomklomelo;

- ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo;

- ukusebenza komsebenzi;

- Ukubalwa nokuklomelisa;

- izibopho kwimisebenzi ehlangene.

Izizathu zokuthi izibopho zezinhlobo ezingezona ezithengiswayo ezingokomthetho zikhona zihlukaniswe ngamaqiniso asemthethweni alandelayo:

- ukuthengiselana okungahlanganisiwe;

- ukucebisa okungenangqondo;

- kubangele ukulimala kokubili kanye nempahla;

- Izenzo zokuphatha nezomthetho.

Ngokuvamile, ngesisekelo sokuvela kwezibopho, isakhiwo somthetho esiyinkimbinkimbi singabonakala, simelele amaqiniso amaningana omthetho ngesikhathi esisodwa . Ukuba khona kwawo yilowo nalowo kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho isibopho ngeke sibe khona.

Noma yisiphi isibopho sinqanyulwa ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa okugcwele. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lowo obolekayo angafezi izibopho zakhe noma enze ingxenye ethile, umbolekisi angafaka isicelo kuziphathimandla ezifanele futhi afune ukugcwaliseka kwezibopho zomboleki ngendlela ephoqelekile. Ngenqwaba yabantu abakweletwa, ababolekisi bangabizwa ukuba babelane ngokuhlanganyela noma ngokulingana.