Kwazalelwa Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich?

A classic kwezincwadi isiRashiya, wayeyisazi futhi izinguquko ethule - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - kwaba nethonya eliphawulekayo ukuthuthukiswa isiko futhi ngacabanga ezweni lethu. Izincwadi zakhe faka futhi wafundisa isizukulwane intsha yezwe lethu. Nakuba namuhla bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi umthelela kumiswa sinesimo sengqondo komlobi njengoba baphila, basebenza futhi lapho Turgenev wazalwa.

ingane isencane

Ucwaningo lokusungula yanoma yimuphi umlobi kuyisiko ukuba siqale isifundo zasebuntwaneni bakhe, ngamawala, kanye imvelo, okuyinto ngandlela-thile kuwo. abantu lutho, ikakhulukazi abafundi, badidekile, lapho Turgenev ukuthi bazalelwa kumuphi umuzi, embiza ngokuthi ekhaya kunina ifa sika. Eqinisweni, zakudala Russian Nokho bachitha iminyaka eminingi esengumntwana, wazalwa namanje orel.

Abacwaningi bakwa-umlobi odumile kwekhulu XIX, waphawula ukuthi okuvelayo zonke zezingane zabuna Russian kamuva bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe. Isikhathi kanye nendawo lapho yena wazalwa, Turgenev, kwaba izici juqu kwawo nesihloko zikahulumeni ezikhona.

A ibonisa zasebuntwaneni izincwadi

Ivan Sergeyevich owehla evela emkhayeni ngamunye wama lasendulo ezihloniphekayo, uyise - a elicwengiweyo, ihloniphekile izintokazi indoda kanye nomphakathi - umehluko emandleni nonina despotic Varvara Petrovna, nee Lutovinovo. Kamuva, zonke izinkumbulo kwazalelwa Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, yakhuliswa, azofakwa ezinye izifundo yemisebenzi yakhe. Futhi izithombe noninakhulu kuyoba prototypes samandla Umninindawo nabangenaluthando kusukela umjikelezo "Amanothi we Hunter".

Le ndawo lapho wazalwa Turgenev wayenothile amasiko ngempela Russian futhi amasiko asendulo. Ivan Sergeyevich zakujabulela ukulalela izindaba serfs kanina, ingena amaphupho nokuhlupheka kwazo. Kulapha, e ifa lomndeni, umbhali wayekwazi lokho ubugqila, futhi kabuhlungu wazonda lesi simanga. nakho Wezingane kwakheka isikhundla oqinile umbhali, ekuphileni kwakhe konke wakhuthaza nenkululeko wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivelaphi.

Isithombe acacile kakhulu umsebenzi Turgenev sika - ukuthi lantambama inxuluma ubudala, emele ukwehla yezikhulu, ukonakala kwazo imiphefumulo nezenzo nezazi. Wonke la maphuzu babephefumulelwe ke isidleke umndeni imvelo.

Manor Spasskoe- Lutovinovo

Lapho kuphakama umbuzo, lapho Turgenev wazalwa, konke ngesikhathi esisodwa khumbula umfanekiso incwadi yesikole. Linden alley, engena ngokusebenzisa amahlamvu imisebe yelanga nokusetha indlu endala elinamakholomu emhlophe. Akubona bonke ukhumbule lokho igama Manor, lapho kudabuka khona Turgenev, kodwa lana isimo kakhulu kuthonywa umsebenzi lalobhalako, singasho ukuthi lapha wazalwa zabuna Russian etemibhalo.

Lapha, ophoqelelwe ekudingisweni, zalotshelwa indaba "yezihambi", kanye nomsebenzi lungashicilelwe "Izizukulwane Amabili", indaba "On the Nightingale", kanye le noveli yodumo mayelana kuhlulekile wamavukelambuso 'Rudin ". Kube ubuhle onokuthula engokwemvelo konke ukuveza lokusungula futhi self-mbisana nokugxekwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi zakudala njalo wabuya lapha ngemva uhambo olude azungeze eYurophu.

Turgenev wayengeyena nje ngamagama wayephikisa ubugqila, ngemva ukubuswa serfs yabo (eziningi zazo sebevele isevisi abantu khulula), umbhali ihlelwe esikoleni izindlu izingane futhi uhlobo ekhaya labakhulile. Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, u-Ivan Sergeyevich banamathela ezimfundisweni European yenhlonipho nenkululeko ngamunye.

isixhumanisi

Ngemva kokushonelwa unina, umbhali udliwe kakhulu yefa lakhe kumfowabo uNicholas, kodwa washiya yena kwendawo lapho wayejabule - izindlu umndeni Spasskoye Lutovinovo. Kukulo muzi lapho Nicholas bakhe ababedingisiwe Ngithemba ukubonisana umbhali oluyisigwegwe. Kodwa isijeziso kuhlulekile, Ivan Sergeyevich Uchithe zonke serfs bakhe futhi waqhubeka nokubhala izincwadi egcekeni angalungile.

Kukhona, lapho yena wazalwa, Ivan Turgenev, nalapho eboshelwe ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi, ngokuvamile wavakashelwa nezinye geniuses kwezincwadi Russian. Ukuze sisekele umngane e Spasskoe- Lutovinovo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zazivame ukuhanjwa UNikolai Nekrasov, Afanasiy Fet futhi uLeo Tolstoy. Ngemva kohambo ngalunye phesheya, Turgenev wabuya lapha, ukuze ifa lomndeni. Lapha ebhala "Isidleke Noble", "Obaba and Sons" futhi "olwandulela", futhi yimuphi isifundo esijulile philological lezi imisebenzi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kukhulunywa izenzakalo amanoveli nge umlando ifa Spassky Lutovinovo.

Turgenev Museum

ERussia namuhla, eziningi dengwane futhi zonakale izigodi manorial. Abaningi babo babhujiswa esikhathini kulwiwa, abanye uhulumeni noma sabhidlizwa, kwathi abanye nje libhujiswa isikhathi kanye nokuntuleka yesondlo.

Umlando izindlu, lapho u-Ivan Turgenev wazalwa, futhi ngempela ezibuhlungu. Indlu ashisiwe izikhathi ezimbalwa, impahla Kwadliwa, futhi edumile avenue amahlozi aminyene utshani. Kodwa sibonga abathandi nezincwadi zakudala Russian ngesikhathi Soviet inkathi inxuluma ibuyiselwe imidwebo esele kanye nemidwebo. Kancane kancane ukubeka ukuze kanye infield, futhi namuhla kukhona Museum yaqanjwa Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva, zabuna emhlabeni futhi wayeyisazi odumile izincwadi Russian.