Kanjani ukukhumbula okokuqala ukufunda: izindlela kahle kanye nezincomo

Nakuba ngiqedile ukufunda isigaba - isigamu aphume ikhanda lami ... ajwayelekile? Lena inkinga ezibhekene cishe bonke abafundi nabafundi. Iqiniso ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu akuyona ziklanyelwe kuminyana, futhi iningi okulotshwe encwadini, ngokuvamile waqonda njengoba umsindo - ukwaziswa okungasizi lutho, okuyinto akufanele agcinwe kumemori. Kodwa uma wazi ukuthi lisebenze kanjani lezi zinhlelo, ungafunda kanjani ukulawula inqubo futhi uqonde ukuthi ukuba ngekhanda ukufunda okokuqala.

inkumbulo Isayensi

Ngaphambi yiluphi ulwazi ewela "hard drive" yethu, sidlule ngendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi sesimeni ukucutshungulwa multi-level. Eyokuqala yalezi izindlela wafunda futhi kuchazwe usosayensi German Hermann Ebbinghaus. Yasho 4 eziyisisekelo inkumbulo izinqubo: ngekhanda, ukulondolozwa, ukukhiqiza kabusha okhohlwa.

Kanjani kangcono ukukhumbula ukufunda? Kulokhu, ukubaluleka ukhiye izigaba ezimbili zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kuwahlola kabanzi.

Ukugcina - kuyinto imprinting okungalindelekile ukuthi abathintekayo izinzwa. Kulokhu isikhathi esithile e cortex cerebral agcinwayo nokuncane excitation esibangelwa pulses kagesi. Ngamafuphi nje, konke esikubonayo, uzwe futhi bazizwa, ashiya insalela ngokomzimba ingqondo yethu ifa.

Loku kuhlukile engenzeka. Ngo ingane isencane ingane isebenze okungalindelekile ngekhanda inqubo. Zonke sigcina izikhathi kanye namaqiniso ukuthi akazange azame ukukhumbula: a epaki iminyaka 5, usuku lokuqala, izithombe kusuka movie ayizintandokazi ... Kuvele ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo kuyinto ukuthi akuyona yonke into sikhumbula kahle ngokufanayo. Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka?

Konke kuncike ngamandla pulses kagesi, ngakho okungcono siyikhumbule kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwemininingwane:

• lokho kubalulekile (ubuhlungu lapho obeka kukho isandla sakho umlilo);
• engavamile, imicimbi agqamile izithombe (imvunulo elikhanyayo ngesikhathi umlingisi zomkhosi);
• Ulwazi ihlobene izithakazelo zethu kanye nezidingo (iresiphi sokudla okwehla esiphundu);
• ulwazi oluyigugu ezidingekayo for imisebenzi yethu futhi kufezwe izinhloso (izimpendulo ezifanele test).

90% kahle kanjani eminye imininingwane eqoshiwe kwimemori kuxhomeke ekutheni bazibheka kanjani yethu. Eyokuqala ephrintiwe yini eyabangela imizwelo enamandla (okuhle nokubi) noma inzalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngekhanda ngamabomu - nje ukuthi inqubo lapho sizama zama "zisishise" ulwazi oluthile ezifana usuku incwadi umlando noma inombolo yefoni ebalulekile.

Londoloza - le nqubo yokwelapha, ukuguqula nokugcina ulwazi olusha ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho.

Okokuqala, yonke idatha iwela "sesikhashana" inkumbulo. Lapha indaba agcinwe isikhathi esifushane ku isimo sokuqala. Kodwa ulwazi esigabeni esilandelayo icutshungulwe, lihlotshaniswa eyaziwa kakade, kulula futhi uya ku inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke ukugwema Ukuhlanekezelwa ukuvimbela ingqondo ukuze ungeze amaqiniso lumane noma "ukuxosha" izikhathi ukhiye. Ukwazi konke lokhu, kuba lula kakhulu ukuba baqonde indlela ngekhanda ukufunda okokuqala.

Beka izinhloso ezicacile

Ngisho noma ufunda ngokucophelela futhi ucabangisise, perelistnuv khasi, ngeke neze bakwazi uyixoxe imininingwane ngalokho osanda kuzwa.

Ngo wezifo zaseYugoslavia XIX leminyaka P. Radossavlevich inhlolo-vo ezithakazelisayo. Inselele ebhekene isivivinyo sasihlanganisa ngekhanda umbhedo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. Ngokuvamile okushiwoyo eziningana Bekulindeleke salokhu. Khona-ke umgomo ishintshile - manje nje kudingeka ukufunda lo mbhalo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kakhulu ngendlela 46 (!) Times, kodwa lapho experimenter ebuzwa ukuphinda inombolo ngekhanda, akakwazanga ukukwenza. Kodwa ngokushesha ngabona ukuthi kwakufanele afunde - ke wathatha izikhathi 6 kuphela ukuskenwa emalunga ukuphinda uyixoxe ngokunembile kubo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?

Ukuze baqonde indlela ukufunda, ukufunda idivayisi inkumbulo, kubalulekile ukuba ngizibekele umgomo ocacile - ukukhumbula izinto.

Nalapha futhi, unamaqhinga lalo. Umgomo oyinhloko kufanele ihlukaniswe imisebenzi ezikhethekile ngaphezulu. Ngamafuphi nje, wena khetha ukuthi ukugxila. Kwesinye isenzakalo, ukwaba amaqiniso ngokwanele eziyisisekelo kwesinye - ukulandelana zabo, kanti eyesithathu - khumbula izwi umbhalo nezwi. Khona-ke ubuchopho ukufunda kakade ukuqala "izingwegwe" yabo ukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oludingayo.

Yakha indawo ukhululekile

Futhi siyaqhubeka ukuxoxa ukuthi ngekhanda umbhalo ukufunda phezu Zama kuqala. Esokuqala uqalaza yosesho ye- "ezizihluphayo". Ngo ikilasi ezinomsindo noma izithuthi zomphakathi ukunakwa asakazeke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ngisho uqaphele ukuthi kulotshiwe encwadini yakhe.

Ukuze ukuzigcina ngokugcwele ngokwabo kule nqubo, kungcono ukuhlala egumbini ethule noma ukuthola indawo esekusithekeni ndawo ndawo emaphandleni - lapho kuyomelwe akukho iziphazamiso.

Zibandakanye okungcono ekuseni, lapho ikhanda namanje ihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ulwazi olusha lutholwa okuningi ngokushesha.

Xoxa nabangani bakho

Nakuba abaningi ungathandi ngawakhe amazwi ku amakilasi labafundi besikole, kuba - enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhumbula ukufunda. Njengoba umsindo ukuphuma lokho muva ukufunda, ubuchopho isebenzisa iziteshi ezimbili ngesikhathi ukukhumbula kanye baveze - ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa (ukuzwa).

Ngisho kangcono, uma kuba njalo kuyoba bathole, ayikulungele ukweseka ingxoxo. Phakathi nengxoxo amaqiniso asemqoka kanye agumenti efana "baqhutshwa" kukhunjulwa u-ukuhlala khona isikhathi eside. Kwamanye amazwe, amakilabhu abathandi ezivamile Ukufundwa lapho abadlali ukuqoqa ngokunembile ukuze nixoxe Funda futhi wabelane nakho.

Ukufunda ukufunda

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ukufunda ukuba ngekhanda ukufunda okokuqala, okokuqala kudingeka ukusebenza inqubo yokufunda. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi indima enkulu ekukhumbuleni inkumbulo ezibukwayo: ikhasi ngengqondo 'isithombe ", futhi uma ungeke ukwazi ukukhumbula into - sidinga kuphela ukwethula, futhi ulwazi olufanele uqobo pops up in ekhanda lami. Kodwa indlela ukufezekisa lokhu?

1. Ungaqali ngokushesha baqonde okushiwo igama ngalinye kanye betame kwenta lonke Ukubuka ikhasi.
2. Khulisa sivinini sekufundza. It is wafakazela ukuthi ngokushesha umuntu efunda umbhalo, ngcono ukugaya ulwazi. Zama ukwandisa indawo ukugxila "ongazihlwitha" bheka eyodwa, kodwa okungenani 2-3 amazwi. Ungase futhi ubhalisele sivinini sekufundza izifundo lapho uzofunda ukufunda ngokuphambeneyo.
3. Lapho isaziso sokuthi kuphazamiseke Uphuthelwe amanye isinqamu, noma kunjalo, musa zibuyele kuye ukufunda. Okunjalo "kuzuba" ukugxambukela ebalulekile Umbono impahla. Ukuze uqonde kangcono isigaba kuze kube sekupheleni, bese ufunda futhi ngokuphelele.
4. Bangakwazi ukuyeka umkhuba wokushaya athi ngokwengqondo lomusho noma unyakazise izindebe zakhe. Ngenxa imikhuba lezi zingane, ubuchopho ayikwazi ukugxila umbhalo, futhi bachitha ingxenye nengcebo yethu ukuze siyisekele "Izipikha Yangaphakathi" yakho.

Esikhathini 3-4 amahora okuqala angu-akuvamile futhi kunzima. Kodwa uma uke kabusha, kuzokhuphula hhayi kuphela sivinini sekufundza, kodwa futhi inani Imininingwane ukuthi uzoba ukhumbule kusukela okokuqala.

ukubhala amanothi

Enye ukukhumbula ubudala ekuqaleni. Uma ungenalo nje nitshekule embhalweni, kodwa zifezeke impahla kanye okungenani ukulobaloba amaphuzu ayinhloko ku ngasekupheleni kwalo ukuthi angafaki ithegi lula ukuba bakhumbule ulwazi oludingayo.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nokuthi ukuthatha amanothi, ngoba ngaphandle uhlelo ezithile nje babhajwe inqwaba amaqiniso kusele izingxenyana nje ze. Nazi amasu ambalwa ongayisebenzisa:

• Ukubuthelela. Zonke izinto sinqamukile yaba izicucu, abese kuhlanganiswe ngokuvumelana kokushesha (kuncike, isikhathi, izinhlangano nokunye. D.).
• Hlela. Ngokuba ingxenye yombhalo (isigaba, isahluko noma kwesigaba kwesigaba) ngalinye amanothi short, okuyizindawo amaphuzu izinto nokusekelwa kulezo engingakwazi bayosiza ekubuyiseleni konke okuqukethwe. Ifomethi kungaba noma yini: imiyalezo key, izihloko, izibonelo noma imibuzo mayelana netheksthi.
• Ukwahlukanisa. Kuthatha ngesimo imidvwebo nobe amatafula. Kuvumela ukusabalalisa izinto noma izenzakalo of imiqondo okusekelwe izici ezivamile yamaqembu amakilasi ahlukahlukene.
• Schematization. Ukusebenzisa umbhalo block, imicibisholo kanye nezibalo ziboniswa ubuhlobo elula phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, izinqubo kanye nemicimbi.
• Association. Into ngayinye we plan noma mqondo ihlobene evamile, esobala noma nje basilibale, esiza "avuselele" inkumbulo lonke.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zama hhayi ukuba bazibandakanye. Khumbula, lena akuyona okufingqiwe egcwele, futhi izimpawu ezincane, okuyinto uyoqondisa imicabango endaweni efanele.

5 engcono asebenzayo amasu ngekhanda

Manje ngenxa kakhulu "ezihlwabusayo" kanye nenkulumo mayelana nendlela ukukhumbula ubudala okokuqala, ngisho ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa. Mhlawumbe uke uvezwe nomqondo Ukubamba Ngekhanda - ezihlukahlukene amasu ezisiza inhlabamkhosi ulwazi oluningi ngesikhathi esifushane.

1. Okubona

Uma ufunda udinga njengoba ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ngeso lengqondo zonke izenzakalo futhi izenzakalo ezichazwe embhalweni. Lapho "zingaphila" nangokomzwelo izithombe, ngcono.

2. Creative Association

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa sibasungule - kuyikhono. Kukhona 5 "segolide" imithetho, okuyinto kufanele ihambisane kulula ukukhumbula yiluphi ulwazi:

• Ungacabangi. Sebenzisa isithombe sokuqala ukuthi wafika engqondweni.
• Izinhlangano kufanele ibe ingxenye ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo.
• Zicabange umlingisi lomcoka (isibonelo, uma lemon walala Itafula - zama "ukudla" ke).
• Engeza engenangqondo.
• Ingabe uthole "isithombe" iwubuphukuphuku.

Isebenza kanjani? Ake sithi ufundelwa isiqondiso umdwebo bese ufuna lokho pointillism ukukhumbula. Kafushane: leli fomu omunye neo-impressionism lapho isithombe siqukethe sebuningini amaphuzu eliqhakazile ifomu efanele (umsunguli - Pierre Georges Sulphur). Hlobo luni inhlangano ungacabanga? Cabanga ballerina, Pointe is ezigcotshwe ngopende kanye yelangabi emdansweni, kokuya we isithombe amachashazi multi anemibala. Enaka futhi ngephutha ubuhlungu umlenze Imbiza ophuzi sulphur, olungena nge ukuphahlazeka elikhulu. Ngakho inhlangano yethu: Pointe izicathulo namabala elikhanyayo - pointillism, esitsheni nge grey - Georges-Pierre Seurat.

3. Indlela ukuphindaphinda I. A. Korsakova

Le ndlela isekelwe yokuthi ingxenye enkulu ulwazi sikhohlwe ngokuphazima kweso. Nokho, uma into iyaphindwa njalo, ke lizimelele kwimemori. Yini okudingeka sisikhumbule?

1. Ulwazi olusha kufanele okuphindaphindiwe ngemizuzwana 20 ngemva bezibona yayo (esimweni isinqamu enkulu umbhalo - kuze kube umzuzu).
2. Emini Okufundiswa lokuqala impahla izikhathi eziningana imizuzu 15-20 ke - ngemuva kwamahora 8-9 futhi ekugcineni emva kwamahora angu-24.
3. Khumbula ukufunda isikhathi eside, kufanele ukuphinda umbhalo izikhathi ezimbalwa phakathi nesonto - kwi 4 th futhi 7 th suku.

Le nqubo elula kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngendlela emangalisayo ngempumelelo. ukuphindaphinda avamile kunikeza ubuchopho ukuqonda ukuthi akuyona nje ulwazi umsindo nedatha ezibalulekile njalo lisetshenziswa.

4. Indlela Cicero

A inqubo ewusizo kulabo abafuna ukwazi ukuthi ukugcina ulwazi ukufunda encwadini. Isiphetho sendaba ulula. Ukhetha uhlobo "isizinda" - isibonelo, isimo efulethini yakho. Khumbula ukuthi ungaqala kanjani ekuseni yakho, yini futhi kulokho ukulandelana uyenze. Ngemva kwalokhu, isenzo ngasinye kuyadingeka ukuze "hlanganisa" ucezu oluthile lombhalo - futhi, ngosizo izinhlangano. Ngakho-ke ngeke khumbula hhayi kuphela ayinto kodwa futhi ukulandelana isethulo kolwazi.

Ake sithi ukufunda sigaba umlando, ungakwazi ngengqondo 'ukudweba "scene impi etafuleni eliseceleni kombhede noma" thumela "Columbus igagasi isikhala yokugezela.

5. Indlela Pictograms

Lungiselela ishidi ingenalutho futhi esibayeni. Kwesokudla enqubeni Ukufundwa kudingeka ukumaka angukhiye kanye avelele ngokwengqondo. Umsebenti wakho - beveza ngayinye encane ingcaca-isithonjana ukuthi kukukhumbuza lokho obekuxoxwa ngakho. Asikho isidingo ukwenza kwendikimba noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithombe ezinemininingwane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke bakwazi ukugxila umbhalo bese ngokuvamile ukukhumbula. Uma ufika ekupheleni kwendima noma isahluko, zama ukubheka kuphela izithonjana, ukuthi yodwa khuluma ufunde umbhalo.