I-Milky Way - kungcono ... History of the ukutholakala, kuvetwa kwebalingisi, sakhiwo

Esikhathini sethu, ovuthayo ngamakhulu ngogesi, izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha abakwazi ukubona i-Milky Way. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-isibhakabhaka yethu kuphela esikhathini esithile sonyaka, siyenzeka kuphela ibanga kusuka ezinabantu ezinkulu. Ngo Ezindaweni zethu lihle ikakhulukazi ngo-August. Ngenyanga lokugcina ehlobo Milky Way kunqoba umhlaba ngesimo a lwaleli giant yasezulwini. Lokhu ababuthakathaka, ehlasela umzimba ukukhanya strip luthe ukuqina, kanti ukubukeka licace bebheke Scorpio futhi Sagittarius, futhi paler wahlakaza - eduze amaqoqo Andromeda futhi Perseus.

imfihlakalo Stellar

I-Milky Way - lokhu buyinto engavamile, imfihlakalo ongazange uvulekele abantu kulo lonke string eminyaka. I izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane kwezizwe eziningi lalibizwa ehlukile. Amazing kukhanya kwaba ongaqondakali Star Ibhuloho eholela ipharadesi, othandekayo waseZulwini Gods magic emfuleni, bethwele ubisi saphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zonke izizwe babekholelwa ukuthi i-Milky Way - yinto engcwele. Ukubengezela bakhuleka. Ukuze kuhlonishwe kuye ngisho Wakha amathempeli.

Bambalwa abantu bazi iqiniso lokuthi isihlahla yethu Christmas kuyinto ukunkenketha yokukhulekela zabantu ababephila ezinsukwini zakudala. Phela, asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi i-Milky Way - iyona ahlangene yonke, noma i-World Tree, okuyinto uvuthwe amagatsha inkanyezi. Yingakho ekuqaleni womjikelezo waminyaka yonke, futhi ivunule isihlahla sikaKhisimusi. Engowenhlabathi izinkuni mbumbulu wayehlale othela izithelo izihlahla wezulu. Lo mkhuba samnikeza ithemba ngoba umusa konkulunkulu futhi isivuno esihle. Ngakho okukhulu kwaba ukubaluleka Milky Way obaba.

ezizathwini yesayensi

Iyini i-Milky Way? History of the ukutholakala zalesi simo has cishe 2000 iminyaka. UPlato ngokuthi lokhu isiqeshana umphetho ukukhanya, yokuxhuma Nenkabazwe yasezulwini. Ngokuphambene, Anaxagoras futhi Demoksid umangalele ukuthi i-Milky Way (kungcono umbala, sizocabangela) - uhlobo ukukhanyisa izinkanyezi. Nanguya jewel esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Aristotle safundisa ukuthi i-Milky Way - kuyinto ekhethekile ukuvutha emoyeni kule planethi yethu onqenqemeni inyanga elikhazimulayo ububi ngentukuthelo.

It nezinye ezizathwini eziningi. Ngakho, wathi LamaRoma Mark Manily ukuthi i-Milky Way - Umlaza zemizimba encane yasezulwini. Nguye kwaba esiseduzane iqiniso, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ezizathwini yabo ngesikhathi lapho kuphela ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama ukubukela esibhakabhakeni, akukho ayengakwenza. Bonke abacwaningi wasendulo babecabanga ukuthi i-Milky Way - iyingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ukuvulwa uGalileo

imfihlo yakhe i-Milky Way wavula kuphela 1610 wabe esenikwa owasungula le isibonakude yokuqala uGalileo Galiley futhi wasebenzisa. I usosayensi odumile wabona insimbi, ukuthi i-Milky Way - umbuthano wangempela izinkanyezi, okuyinto ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama benziwe okuqhubekayo ibha wavuma lingekho ithemba. EGalile wakwazi ukuchaza heterogeneity isakhiwo kuleli qembu lethu.

It kwabangelwa khona lomkhuba wasezulwini hhayi kuphela amaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Yethula lapho, futhi omnyama amafu. Inhlanganisela yalawo izakhi ezimbili kudala isithombe emangalisayo izenzakalo ebusuku.

Ukuvula William Herschel

Lolu cwaningo-Milky Way, futhi baqhubeka ekhulwini le-18. Phakathi nale nkathi kwaba umcwaningi ezimatasa Vilyam Gershel. Umqambi owaziwa futhi umculi, wahlanganyela womshini izibonakude futhi wafundelwa isayensi yezinkanyezi. Ukutholakala ebaluleke kakhulu Herschel baba uhlelo omkhulu wendawo yonke. Ososayensi yabukela iplanethi ngendlela isibonakude futhi ekhiqizwa ukubala kwabo etincenyeni letehlukene esibhakabhakeni. Ucwaningo baye baphetha ngokuthi i-Milky Way - uhlobo Star Island, esemgwaqweni ilanga lethu. Herschel Waze wadweba uhlelo kwendikimba wokuvula yayo. Lesi sibalo uhlelo inkanyezi esiye njengoba lokugaya, kanye yase yenze i ijamo okungajwayelekile. Ilanga ngesikhathi esifanayo luphakathi lokhu indandatho ezungeze umhlaba wethu. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo Umthala bethu bonke babengaphansi ososayensi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule.

Kuphela 1920 wabona ukukhanya umsebenzi Jacobus Kapteyn lapho i-Milky Way kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Kulokhu, umlobi wanikwa lezinkanyezi esiqhingini wesifunda, elifana ukuthi yaziwa kithi ngalesi sikhathi. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi i-Milky Way - iyona Galaxy, okuyinto iyingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga, Earth, futhi labo izinkanyezi ngamanye ababonakalayo ehlweni lomuntu nqunu.

Isakhiwo zemithala

With ukuthuthukiswa isayensi izibonakude yezinkanyezi baba namandla kakhulu nonamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngokucacile ngaphezulu isakhiwo laligujwa imithala. Kwavela ukuthi abazange like nomunye. Phakathi kwabo babenza iphutha. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-azange abe wesimethri.

Futhi waphawula Umthala okweqanda futhi Kuvunguza. Ukuze ukuthi lezi izinhlobo ukukhathazeka-Milky Way? Lena komthala wethu, futhi ngaphakathi, ukucacisa oyiyo luyindida kakhulu. Nokho, ososayensi bathole impendulo yalo mbuzo. Manje siyazi ukuthi kuyinto i-Milky Way. Kuchazwa lanikeza abacwaningi sinqume ukuthi lo disc nokuba core kwangaphakathi.

izici Jikelele

Milky Way kungokwalabo uhlobo Umthala Kuvunguza. Ngakho-ke, unendawo enkulu lapho jumper uhlelo lezinkanyezi axhunyiwe ndawonye yi-amandla adonsela phansi.

Kukholakala ukuthi i-Milky Way sekuneminyaka ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane nantathu eminyakeni. Lena yinkathi kule Umthala kwamiswa izinkanyezi ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-400 nemilaza, ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane of omkhulu ngobukhulu gaseous mafu, amaqoqo kanye namafu.

Ukuma-Milky Way iyabonakala ngokucacile ebalazweni indawo yonke. Uma sicabanga kuba sobala ukuthi leli cluster inkanyezi kuyinto disc kabani ubukhulu ilingana ayizinkulungwane 100. Iminyaka Khanyisa (unyaka owodwa kukhanya ingamakhilomitha angu isigidintathu eziyishumi). I ukushuba we cluster inkanyezi - ayizinkulungwane 15, kanye nokujula -. Light-years Abangaba yizinkulungwane 8 ..

Indlela esindayo kuba i-Milky Way? It (kwencazelo isisindo sayo - umsebenzi onzima kakhulu) akunakwenzeka kubalwe. Ubunzima kubangela ukuzimisela nenqwaba esimnyama, okungadingi uxhumana emisebeni kagesi. Yingakho izazi zezinkanyezi Awukwazi ukuphendula ngokuqondile lo mbuzo. Kodwa zikhona izibalo anolaka, owawuthi isisindo Galaxy ububanzi uquqaba solar kusuka 500 kuya ku-3000 bhiliyoni.

Milky Way kufana zonke izindikimba zasezulwini. Wenza kwaba nombhikisho emhlabeni axis awo, ezihambayo endaweni yonke. Izazi zezinkanyezi ukuphakamisa okungajwayelekile, ngisho ukunyakaza kunezinxushunxushu yomthala wethu. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi ngamunye zayo izinhlelo ilungu inkanyezi futhi mafu unendlela yawo, kwenye ngesivinini, kanye amafomu ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezungeza.

Yiziphi izixhumanisi is Milky Way? Lokhu core namabhuloho, disk kanye izingalo Kuvunguza, kanye umqhele. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

core

Le ngxenye ye-Milky Way Itholakala umlaza Sagittarius. Umnyombo ungumthombo ngemisebe-non-ezishisayo, kokuba izikhathi ezingaba yizigidi eziyishumi degrees lokushisa. Ngesikhathi nendawo le ngxenye ye-Milky Way mvu yamanzi, ngokuthi "iqhubu". Kuyinto lonke yezinhlamvu kwezinkanyezi ezindala, esishukumisela i orbit side. Ngo iningi lezi zindikimba umjikeleto wemphilo wasezulwini usezofika ekupheleni.

Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi kuyi-nucleus ye-Milky Way kuyinto Supermassive Black Hole. Okuningi okuqukethwe yile ngxenye isikhala kabani isisindo ilingana izigidi ezintathu amalanga isisindo has adonsela phansi enamandla. It lumayelana omunye umgodi black, ezincane kuphela. uhlelo okunjalo kudala umuntu onamandla kangaka ensimini okudonsa ukuthi sekuseduze ukuba nemilaza kanye izinkanyezi wenze ukunyakaza endleleni engavamile kakhulu.

Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo ye-Milky Way, zikhona nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, ejwayelekile yinhlanganisela enkulu izinkanyezi. Futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile kuyinto kaningi ezincane kuno ukuthi ebonwe azungeze imfundo.

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi, nangokubheka abanye imithala nucleus Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi kungenxa kukhanya yabo egqamile. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe ke akubonakali e-Milky Way? Abanye abacwaningi baye bazwakalisa ngisho nokucabanga ukungabikho emthaleni wethu i-nucleus. Nokho, kwatholakala ukuthi kukhona e Kuvunguza mafu ungqimba amnyama, okuyizinto amaqoqo zothuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi kanye negesi. Alapho e-Milky Way. Lezi omkhulu amafu amnyama futhi ningathuli isibukeli eliwumhlaba ukubona ukuvutha nucleus. Uma abantu bangayithola imfundo enjalo awuvinjwa Earthlings, besingabuka nucleus ngesimo ellipsoid imisebe, futhi leyo mali kuzodlula umkhawulo ububanzi eyikhulu izinyanga.

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo abantu baye basiza ngezibonakude zanamuhla, ekwazi usebenze ezindaweni ezithile kagesi spectrum ngemisebe. Ngalobu buchwepheshe yesimanje, elikwaziyo aphazamisa isihlangu uthuli, ososayensi bakwazi ukubona umongo kuyi-Milky Way.

jumper

Le ilungu ye-Milky Way kweqa ingxenye emaphakathi futhi ubukhulu ayizinkulungwane 27. Khanyisa-iminyaka. Ibhuloho siqukethe kwezigidi ezingu-22 izinkanyezi ezibomvu abanobudala umxhwele. Ngakule Ukwakheka igesi indandatho, lapho Ukwakheka iqukethe iphesenti elikhulu le-oxygen yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kwebhuloho ye-Milky Way kuyisabelo lapho obuningi kakhulu ifomu izinkanyezi.

idiski

Leli fomu ngokwalo i-Milky Way, elisetendeni njalo ezinyakazayo ukujikeleza. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinga yale nqubo kuxhomeke ibanga ingxenye ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Ngakho, enhliziyweni kuba zero. Ngezinye ibanga kusukela core ekukhanyeni-eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili Ukujikeleza ijubane 250 amakhilomitha ngehora.

Ohlangothini olungaphandle ye-Milky Way izungeza ungqimba hydrogen-atomic clock. ukujiya Its ayizinkulungwane 1.5 iminyaka ukukhanya.

Emaphethelweni Galaxy izazi zezinkanyezi Kutholwe khona amaqoqo aminyene igesi kokuba lokushisa ayizinkulungwane 10. Degrees. I ukushuba zokwakheka ezifana kuyinto ezimbalwa light-years.

izingalo Kuvunguza Five

Lena eyodwa ngaphezulu ingxenye izingxenye i-Milky Way, etholakala ngqo emva iringi igesi. I izingalo Kuvunguza sawela nemilaza Cygnus futhi Perseus, i-Orion futhi Sagittarius futhi Centaurus. Lezi ukwakheka Ukuboshelwa egcwele igesi yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwenza iphutha ukujikeleza imithetho Galaxy.
I izingalo Kuvunguza beze ngokuqondile umongo esimangalisayo kulesi siqhingi. Ziyizinto sibona ngeso lenyama, ukushaya ukukhanya ukuhlubula i-Milky Way.

I izingalo Kuvunguza kuthiwa afakwa ku nomunye, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda kudivayisi yabo. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi lezi imikhono akhiwa ngenxa yokuba khona e-Milky Way amagagasi ukunwetshwa giant futhi kokucindezelwa gas interstellar, okuyinto basuke core kudiski Galactic.

umqhele

Milky Way has nokubingelela eyindilinga. Lena umqhele wakhe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kumiswa amaqoqo ehlukene kwezinkanyezi nemilaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyindilinga halo Ubukhulu abanjalo ukuthi sidlulela ngalé kwemingcele Umthala 50 light-years.

Njengengxenye umqhele ye-Milky Way yilezi, njengoba umthetho, ongaphakeme-mass izinkanyezi ubudala, kanye imithala yemifino kanye namaqoqo gas ashisayo. Zonke lezi zinto ukwenza ukunyakaza omise side emhlabeni nucleus kokwenza Ukujikeleza kunezinxushunxushu.

Kukhona umbono, owawuthi ukubukeka umqhele kwaba umphumela ukumuncwa ye-Milky Way Galaxy encane. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi yobudala halo yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ibe neminyaka eyishumi nambili.

izinkanyezi Indawo

Ku-Licwathile ngobusuku obucwathile, i-Milky Way iyabonakala ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu kule planethi yethu. Nokho, ukubukeka komuntu kuphela ingxenye yesikhathi Galaxy, okuyinto uhlelo inkanyezi kubekwe phakathi ingalo Orion.

Iyini i-Milky Way? Kuchazwa isikhala zonke izingxenye zawo iba eqondakalayo uma sicabangela ibalazwe lezinkanyezi. Kulokhu, kuyacaca ukuthi ilanga, okukhanya phezu Earth, etholakala cishe ku-disc. Lena cishe emaphethelweni emthaleni, lapho ibanga kusuka nucleus ilingana ayizinkulungwane 26-28. Khanyisa-iminyaka. Ukuhambisa ngesivinini 240 amakhilomitha ngehora, ukukhanya uchitha umuntu kuguqulwe nucleus eminyakeni million 200, ukuze ngazo zonke isikhathi ukhona ke uye wahambela yonkana disk laphetha nucleus izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu.

iplanethi yethu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi corotation mbuthano. Lena yindawo lapho ijubane ukujikeleza inkanyezi izingalo futhi ayafana yini. Ukuze lo mbuthano libhekene nenkinga yezinga isigqugquzeli yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Yingakho ukuphila njengoba ososayensi bakholelwa, kungavela kuphela emhlabeni, eduze kwayo kukhona inombolo encane izinkanyezi.

Lokhu kwaba iplanethi yethu ne-Earth. Itholakala azungeze emthaleni, ku kuthule indawo yayo. Yingakho kule planethi izigidigidi zeminyaka, kwakungekho enhlekeleleni yembulunga yonke, okuyinto ngokuvamile kwenzeka kwi-universe.

Hlahluba okuzayo

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ukushayisana kungenzeka kakhulu phakathi i-Milky Way futhi eminye imithala, ayisizwe esikhulu okuyinto Andromeda Galaxy. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhuluma ngokuqondile ngento akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kudinga ulwazi ubukhulu bale velocities transverse lezinto extragalactic, okuyinto kubacwaningi lanamuhla ayikatholakali.

Ngo-September 2014, esinye sezenzakalo models yanyatheliswa ngo abezindaba. Ngokusho kwakhe, izobanjelwa iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezine, i-Milky Way kanye Magellanic amafu ukuncela (Lesibanti Amancane), kanye neminye iminyaka engu bhiliyoni yena abe ingxenye Andromeda Galaxy.