Umdlavuza we-Thyroid: Bangaki abahlala? Ukubonisana kwe-oncologist

Isisu esibi singasakazeka kunoma yisiphi isitho. I-gland yegciwane ayiyona into ehlukile. Ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana e-epithelium glandular ibe yi-oncological, ukwehlukaniswa kwabo okungalawuliwe kunengxenye ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezisongela ukuphila. Kusukela ezintweni ezikulesi sihloko uzothola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisana nomdlavuza we-thyroid, bangaki abantu abahlala nokuxilongwa okunjalo, umuntu angakuvimbela kanjani lokhu kuphila.

Incazelo yesifo

Ingubo ye-thyroid iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso se-endocrine yomzimba. Njengezinye izitho eziningi, iqhubeka ngokukhiqiza ama-hormone. I-Thyroxine ne-triiodothyronine banomthwalo wokulawulwa komsebenzi wobuchopho, izinqubo ze-metabolic, kanye nesilinganiso sokwakhiwa kwamaseli egazi.

I-gland yegciwane itholakala esifundeni se-larynx. Naphezu kobukhulu obuncane, lesi sitho senziwe kahle. Umsebenzi wakhe ulawulwa yi-pituitary gland. Ukuphakama komsebenzi we-gland, kancane kancane ukhiqiza i-pituitary gland yamahomoni, futhi ngokufanayo.

Umdlavuza we-Shchitovidka uyisisu sezinto ezimbi, ezakhiwa kancane kancane kusuka kumaseli esitho. Lesi sifo singavamile kakhulu. Ilandisa okungenani i-1% yazo zonke iziphazamiso ezibulalayo futhi zingaphansi kwezingu-0.5% zokufa.

Isigameko sezinga eliphezulu sineminyaka engu-45-60. Izingane kanye nentsha nazo zinalo hlobo lwe-oncology. Umdlavuza we-Thyroid kubantu besifazane utholakala kathathu kaningi kunabamele abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu. Lapho esekhulile, kungenzeka ukuthi amadoda agula kunontanga.

Umdlavuza we-Shchitovidka ungokwesigaba sezinambuzane ezingenabuthi. I-Neoplasm iminyaka ayikwazi ukuboniswa, musa ukwandisa usayizi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusona isizathu sokungayinaki lesi sifo bese uhlehlisa ukwelashwa kwawo. Izindlela zanamuhla zokuxilonga zisiza ukukhomba i-oncology ezinyathelweni zokuqala zentuthuko futhi ngokushesha uqhubeke nokwelapha.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid

Lo mzimba uthathwa njengokuyingqayizivele ngempela. I-iron ikhiqiza amahomoni amaningi anesibopho sokulawulwa kwezinqubo eziyisisekelo emzimbeni womuntu. Amaseli ngabanye abe uhlobo oluyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza we-cancer: i-papillary, i-follicular, i-plastic, i-medullary.

I-papillary carcinoma ilandisa okungenani kuma-85% wezingqikithi eziningi ze-neoplasms zemvelo enonya. I-tumor ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo futhi ngokuvamile ivela ku-lobe eyodwa yelungu. Indlela yomdlavuza wegciwane emibili ibonakala ngeziguli ezingu-15%. Zingaki iziguli eziphila nalesi sifo, kunzima ukusho. I-neoplasm ebusweni bayo inezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezibonakala njenge-papillae. Uma uhlola igciwane le-thyroid kubantu abanempilo enhle, ku-10% wamacala ungathola izicubu ezincane. Abazibonakali ngokwabo nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bafinyelela emasimini amnandi, adinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

I-carcinoma yezintambo ibhekwa njengesivunguvungu esivamile esiyingozi kakhulu segundane. Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kulawo mazwe lapho kunokuntula khona kwe-iodine ekudleni. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo asihambanga ngaphezu kwegciwane le-thyroid, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi singakwazi ukubhekana nezinye izinhlelo zesitho. Njengoba ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, iziguli zomdlavuza zilulame.

I-carcinoma ye-anaplastic iyinhlobo engavamile kakhulu ye-tumor, lapho amangqamuzana angewona ajwayelekile akhula ngokuqhubekayo egangeni. Balahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko futhi bangabelana kuphela. I-neoplasm ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo futhi isakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuchazwa kwezigulane kungavumelekile ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza uholela emhubheni obulalayo.

I-Medullary carcinoma ibhalela u-5% wezingqikithi eziningi ze-neoplasms yomdlavuza wemvelo enonya. Lesi sifo singathinta ama-lymph nodes namaphaphu. Lesi sifo sihambisana "nokushisa okushisayo", ukubomvu kobuso, ukwephulwa kwesitokisi. Umdlavuza weMedullary uvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa bayathinteka ngokufanayo. Kubonakala ukuthi lesi sifo sizuzwe njengefa.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wegciwane

Izimbangela zalesi sifo esingenakuqhathaniswa azange zenziwe ekugcineni. Odokotela babiza izici eziningana ezingase zande amathuba okuthuthukisa isisu esinonya.

1. Imisebe yomsakazo. Izifundo ezenziwe ezindaweni eziphethwe yiChernobyl zabonisa ukuthi izinga lokudoba landa kakhulu ngemva kwe-explosion.
2. Ukwelashwa kwamafutha. I-irradiation yesikhathi eside ingabangela izinkinga nge-gland yegland ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka. Amaseli omzimba athambekela ekushintsheni okuhlukahlukene, ukuhlukana okukhulayo nokukhula.
3. Isibikezelo se-Hereditary. Ososayensi bathole isisindo esithile esasakazwa ezihlotsheni eziseduze futhi sinomthwalo wokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ukuba khona kwakhe emzimbeni kufinyeleleke ku-100% ukubonakala kwe-oncology. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela ngemuva kokuxilongwa, odokotela batusa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingubo.
4. Sebenzisa emsebenzini wokulimaza.
5. Ukucindezeleka njalo. Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo kuthinta kabi amandla okuvikela omzimba womuntu. Amasosha omzimba aphethwe ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zomdlavuza.
6. Imikhuba emibi.
7. Izinguquko ezingeni le-hormonal ngenxa yokukhulelwa noma ukusa esikhathini.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesinye sezici eziningana noma eziningi kubandakanya isifo somdlavuza. Izizathu ezitholakalayo ngesikhathi zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukhetho oluphumelela kakhulu ukwelashwa kwemithi.

Izimpawu zesifo

Lesi sitho sibheka njengevemvane. Ikhona endaweni yangaphambili yentamo futhi igcwele isikhumba, ukuze igulane le-thyroid libonakale kalula.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-tumor ukubonakala kwe-nodule encane emgodini ngokwawo. Ihlukaniswa kahle ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi ifana nokuphakama okuncane. Ezimweni zokuqala, ukuhamba kwe-nodule kulinganiselwe, ukukhathazeka okubuhlungu akusekho. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, siqala ukwanda ngesayizi futhi siba namandla kakhulu.

Ungethuki uma uthola ifindo entanyeni yakho. Abantu abaningi banamacilongo, kepha ama-5% kuphela amacala ayi- tumorous cancer.

Esinye isibonakaliso senkinga nge- gland yegciwane yikwanda kwama-lymph nodes entanyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyisibonakaliso kuphela sempilo. Kamuva, i-tumor iba sikhulu, ehambisana nesithombe somtholampilo. Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngomzwelo we-coma emqaleni, izinkinga ngokugwinya, ukukhathazeka kwentamo. Lezi zimpawu zikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasm. Leli qiniso liqala kancane ukucubungula i-esophagus kanye ne-trachea.

Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasm

Kunoma yisiphi isifo sezinto ezingokwemvelo, izigaba ezine zokuthuthukiswa ziyahlukahluka. Kule ndaba akuyona into yomdlavuza wegciwane. Zingaki iziguli ezihlala nalesi sifo, uzofunda kabanzi ezintweni zale ngxenye.

Uma kunqunywa isigaba sesifo, udokotela uvame ukucabangela ubukhulu be-neoplasm, kanye nokutholakala kwe-metastases. I-Metastasis iyisisu sesibili. Yakhiwa ngemuva kokuba amaseli omdlavuza asakazekele kwezinye izitho ngosizo lokugeleza kwe-lymph.

Isigaba sokuqala sesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwesisu esiyingcosana esingaqedi i-capsule ye-gland. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kwenziwa amafomu amasha, abhubhisa i-thyroid gland. Isigaba sesithathu sibonakala ngokusungulwa kocingo ku-capsule glandular. Iqala ukucindezela i-trachea nezicubu ezizungezile, i-metastases ivela. Lapho ingilazi yegciwane ikhula ngamandla futhi isaba immobile, lesi yisigaba sesine somdlavuza.

Ukubonisana kwe-oncologist

Uma zonke izimpawu zibonisa isifo esikhumbeni segciwane, kufanele uvakashele i-endocrinologist. Asikho isidingo sokuya ngokushesha ku-oncologist, ngoba akuchazwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kulesi sihloko, izimpawu zibonisa imfundo engafanele.

Ukubonisana kwe-endocrinologist ngokuvamile kuvame ukubuza imibuzo yesiguli, ukukhomba izimbangela ezikhona zokugula. Khona-ke uchwepheshe wenza ukuhlola okubukwayo. Isisu esiteshini esinqatshiwe sibonakala emehlweni.

Ngenxa yokuhlolwa, i-endocrinologist ingathola isiphetho mayelana nokuba khona kwesifo futhi uyithumele kumchwepheshe ongcono kakhulu - oncologist. Ukuze unqume uhlobo lwe-neoplasm, kuvame ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.

Indlela yokuthola umdlavuza we -roid?

Ukuze kutholakale isifo somdlavuza, izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwayo, kudingeke ukuba kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa okujulile. Ihlanganisa i-ultrasound ye-thyroid, i-cytological examination, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-MRI.

Ngosizo lwe-ultrasound, ungakwazi ukunquma ubukhulu nendawo eqondile ye-tumor. Lokhu okuthiwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-thyroid kuyadingeka ukuthola okuqukethwe kwamahomoni ayo egazini. Ukucwaninga nge-cytological kuhilela ukuqoqwa kwezicubu zesisu ngenxa yesifundo esilandelayo sezinto ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, i-oncologist iphakamisa inkambo yokwelapha.

Izinketho zokwelapha izicubu ze-thyroid

Ngeshwa, umdlavuza we-thyroid ongavamile ungaphathwa ngokubunzima okukhulu. Okuhlukile kuyi-neoplasms esiteji sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, okubangelwa ukungalingani kwesizinda se-hormonal. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela batusa ukususwa kwengubo ye-thyroid. I-Cancer igxila ekuthuthukiseni kwayo.

Imfundo ehlonziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ingasuswa, kuyilapho igcina isitho. Lapho ama-hormone egazini ephakeme kakhulu, iziguli zitholwa ngokungeziwe ngemithi ye-thyreostatic (i-Carbimazol, i-Propitsil).

Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa okukhishwayo ukukhipha isisu, iziguli zivunyelwe ukuthatha ama-suns, zivakashele i-solarium. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ingasusa inkinga yesifo futhi ivuse izinkinga.

Ezigulweni ezitholwe nomdlavuza wegciwane, ukuhlinzwa kuhilela i-hemithyroidectomy, okungukuthi, ukususwa kwengxenye yelungu elithintekayo yi-tumor. Iziguli ezindala azikwazi ukubekezelela ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwabo kuqukethe ukwelashwa nge- iodine yama-radioactive.

Ukubikezelwa odokotela

Isibikezelo somdlavuza we -roid sithembeke ngaphezu kwezinye izimo ezimbi. Isibonelo, ezigulini ezineminyaka engama-45 ubudala futhi ngokulinganisa okuvame ukufika ku-3 cm, ithuba eliphezulu lokuthola okuphelele. Ezigulini asebekhulile, isimo sengqondo asiyona into enhle. Yiqiniso, okuningi kuxhomeke kunhlobo luni lomdlavuza wegciwane.

• Zingaki iziguli eziphila nge-papillary ifomu le-oncology? Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kuleli cala liyi-95-100%.
• Kubantu abane-follicular carcinoma yesigaba sesine, lesi sibalo asidluli ku-55%.
• Ngomdlavuza we-medullar, odokotela baqinisekisa ukutholwa kokugcina kweziguli ezingu-98%. Uma lesi sifo sisesiteji sokugcina, lesi sibonakaliso singaphezu kuka-25%.
• Isifo somdlavuza we-thyroid isifo esibi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukukhipha isisu, iziguli ezixilongwa ukufa zivame ukungakapheli unyaka owodwa emva kokuqinisekisa kwesifo.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesifo nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nesifiso esingenamkhawulo sokuphila sikuvumela ukuthi unqobe noma yikuphi ukugula!