Amakaki we-SCC: izici zokuhlola. Yini okubonisa ukuthi umqaphi?

Abaqhamukayo yizinto ezikhiqizwa ngumzimba ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa isisu. Igama elithi "izimpawu ze-tumor" lisetshenziselwa. Iningi lazo zonke izivakashi eziyaziwayo zinokuzwela okukhulu. Ukuthola ezinye izifo, isibonelo, i-carcinoma yendlebe, i-nasopharynx, isophagus, amaphaphu nomlomo wesibeletho kubesifazane, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi i-squcous cell carcinoma antigen SCC ifihliwe. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini?

Amakaki we-SCC ama-glycoprotein. Zihlanganiswa emaseli e-epithelium flat yezingxenye. I-SCC-incomarker yinto evikelekile eshintsha isakhiwo samangqamuzana ajwayelekile, okuholela ekungeneni kwamaprotheni ngokusebenzisa i-membrane.

I-antigen ye-squamous cell carcinoma ingeyomndeni wama-inhibitors we-serine proteinases. Inani le-antigen egazini liyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sesifo kanye nobukhulu besisu. Uma ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa izinga lezinga lokuhlushwa kwegazi emakethe laliphakeme, lesi sibikezelo asihambisani nalokho kunesibonakaliso esincane.

Inani lezimpawu zomdlavuza egazini lihlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, ngakho-ke, ngokwalezi zedatha, kungenzeka ukwazi ukunquma ngokunembile isigaba somdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhamera we-tumor angeke kwenziwe ngokuhlola kanye nokuthola ukuxilongwa okuyisisekelo, kuphela ukulandelela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esivele sikhona.

Yiluphi ulwazi olunikezwa abamaki be-SCC?

Isivivinyo sabamaki bomdlavuza siphumelele kakhulu ekulwa nomdlavuza. Okuqukethwe kwalo nokulingana egazini kuhlinzeka isithombe esiphelele senkinga yesifo, kufaka phakathi isiteji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqaphi bayasivumela ukuba sinqume inqubo yokwehliswa kwamangqamuzana aphilile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza esiteji sokuqala sesifo.

Ngabe iziphi izixazululo ezenziwa?

Ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza, odokotela bahlinzekela ukuhlaziywa kwe-SCC oncocomarker ngokubambisana nezinye izindlela zokuthola izifo ezinzima emzimbeni. Njengomthetho, ucwaningo luthatha isikhathi eside. Amakaki we-SCC asetshenziswa ochwepheshe ukukhomba lesi sifo, ukulandelela ukuqhubeka kwayo nokulawula ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Ukuhlolwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-oncomarker kuphakanyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ngabantu abengozini yokuthuthukisa izicubu ezimbi. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlolisise ngokunembile. Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa, i-antigen egazini ivame ukukhula, okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo esibi, okubangela ukuba imizimba ye-atypical ingene egazini. Ngokweqiniso kwedatha, kutuswa ukuthi ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwe emva kwamasonto amane. Ngezifo ezithile zokuvuvukala, kungenzeka futhi ukwandisa ukuhlushwa egazini le-antigen, isibonelo, ngesifo sofuba, i-bronchitis, i-ARI nezifo ezithile zesikhumba.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-SCC-oncomarker kwenziwa:

• Ukukhipha ukusabalalisa kwamathambo eminye izitho ngokuqhubeka kwesifo.
• Ukuhlola ukuphumelela kokwelashwa.
• Ukulawula lesi sifo ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze ugweme ukubuyela emuva.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri

Ukuze imiphumela ibe njengokwethenjelwa ngangokunokwenzeka, lochwepheshe kufanele acabangele zonke izici zesikhonzi futhi akhiphe izifo ezingase zivuke.

Izimo ezikhethekile zokuletha ukuhlaziywa akudingeki. Igazi ku-oncologist ye-SCC liphuma ekuseni, ngesisu esingenalutho, usuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, isiguli sinconywa ukuba sishiye ukudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe kanye okubabayo. Ngosuku lokuhlaziywa, akufanele ushunqe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi, futhi usebenzise itiye nekhofi. Ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ze-laboratory, umhlengikazi uthatha igazi lesiguli kusuka emthonjeni ngevolumu lama-milliliters angu-5.

Incazelo yemiphumela

Ngokuvamile ezinyathelweni zokuqala zentuthuko, ukubunjwa okumbi akuzizwanga. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi esifanele sokuba khona kwama-antigens egazini kwandisa amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle.

Ngomuntu onempilo, inani le-antigen egazini alidluli kujwayelekile ka 2.5 ng / ml. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezifo ezishisayo ezishintsha kamuva, le nkhomba ingase ibe ngaphezulu. Khona-ke kufanele uphinde uqhube ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngemva kwamasonto amathathu.

Inani lezimpawu zegazi ezitholakalayo egazini lisiza ukhethe iziguli ezihlelwe ukuthi zithole imishanguzo noma ukwelashwa okuhlinzayo, kanye nokulungisa ukwelashwa ngokungabikho kwemiphumela emihle noma ukuwohloka kwesimo sesiguli.

I-oncologist ye-SCC (okulotshwe kulotshiwe kulesi sihloko) ivumela ukuxilonga emadodeni umdlavuza wesifo, i- nasopharynx, indlebe namaphaphu. Emdlavuza we-esophagus namaphaphu, inani le-antigen esifundeni se-1.5 ng / ml litholakala egazini. Endabeni yocwaningo kubantu besifazane abanomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nokutholakala kwezinga eliphakeme le-antigen, lingasho ngokuphepha ngokuphindaphinda kwesifo.

I-oncomarker yomlomo wesibeletho. I-SCC ku-squamous cell carcinoma

Kuze kube manje, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho awuthinti abesifazane kuphela abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, lesi sifo saqala ukukhula emantombazaneni amancane kuze kube seminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuvumela owesifazane ukuba alondoloze izitho zangasese.

Ukuze uthole isifo esifanele salesi sifo, udokotela okufanele abe khona kufanele acabangele zonke izici zesikhonzi, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esithathwe ukuqoqwa kwegazi nokufaneleka kwesitoreji sawo. Ukuvivinya kwabahlaziyizizwe kunomqondo ophakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlanzeka kokubanjwa okubalulekile kubalulekile. Inani elincane lamathe noma ukujuluka lingabangela ukungcoliswa kwempahla yezinto eziphilayo, futhi lokho kuholela ekungathembeki kokuhlaziywa.

Ukuze owesifazane atholakale enesifo somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, izifundo ezidingekayo zenzelwe abaqaphi. Ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi isilinganiso se-2,5 ng / ml kwi-onkomarker SCC - evamile noma isilinganiso. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usenesikhathi sokuqala uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane omkhulu kune 2.5 ng / ml. Ukuze ngokunemba kwedatha, ukuhlolwa kuphindiwe ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukwedlula ngokweqile kwe-SCC oncologist egazini likagulane, elihambisana nezifo ezenzekayo ezidlulayo.

Ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa okufika kwesikhathi kwezifo zomlomo wesibeletho

Ukuqhuba uphenyo ngokubakhona kwabaqaphi ku-crane kubalulekile ngezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Izifo ezingokwemvelo zesimiso sokuzala komuntu wesifazane ukunciphisa ukuzala.
• Lolu cwaningo lwenza kube lula ukukhomba abesifazane besengozini nokuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.

Esigabeni sesithathu sesi sifo, inani lama-antigens lidlula isimiso ngezikhathi ezintathu. Njengokuhlolwa okwengeziwe udokotela ukhetha ikhompyutha ye-computer, kanye nokuhlaziywa komchamo negazi.

Njengoba kunesifo somzimba esibucayi, kunomqondo ophezulu wokuthi amanaki omdlavuza we-SCC azotholakala ku-squamous cell carcinoma. Ezimweni ezinjalo kubalulekile ukutadisha ezinkimbeni zemizimba, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwabaqaphi, ukuhlolwa kwakhe ngokwemvelo kwezingxube ezonakalisiwe zelungu eligulayo lenziwa.

Inombolo yezimpawu zamathumba iguquka esimeni se-metastasis. Futhi kwinani labo lithinta usayizi we-tumor, indawo yayo kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo womzimba kumangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhwala we-tumor

Inhlobo ngayinye ye-tumor ihlukanisa izimpawu zayo eziyingqayizivele, ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza:

• I-anti-Cancer-embryonic antigen (izinga elivunyelwe - 3 ng / ml) - linqunywa ukuxilongwa kwe-carrectoma enobungozi ngokuhambisana ne-SCC ku-carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho.
• I-Alpha-fetoprotein (izinga elamukelekayo - ngaphansi kuka-15 ng / ml) li-antigen elibucayi kakhulu elisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe- hepatocellular carcinoma.
• I-antigen yomdlavuza wesisu (isisindo esamukelekayo esingaphansi kuka-4 U / ml) isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwe-gastric carcinoma.
• I-glycoprotein efana ne-Mucin (izinga elamukelekayo - amayunithi angaphansi kuka-28 / ml) - ngokuvamile lokhu kumaka kusetshenziselwa ukulandelela umphumela ngemuva kokwelashwa kokwakhiwa kwe-gland emangalisa.
• I-CA 19-9 (izinga elivumelekile - ngaphansi kuka-37 U / ml) ngumaka wokunquma i-pancreatic carcinoma.
• Amakaki we-SCC (okuvamile akudluli ku-2.5 ng / ml) asetshenziselwa ukuqapha imiphumela ye-carcinoma therapy kumlomo wesibeletho, nasopharynx, indlebe, namaphaphu.
• I-CA 125 (izinga elamukelekayo lingaphansi kuka-35 U / ml) lisetshenziselwa ukulawula inkinga yesifo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-carcinoma yamathambo.
• I-NSE (izinga elivumelekile elingaphansi kuka-12 ng / ml) lisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokuqapha ukusebenza komuthi omncane we-cell-lung carcinoma oqhubekayo.
• I-HCG (izinga elamukelekayo emadodeni - 0-5 IU / ml) nemiphumela eyandayo kumadoda nabesifazane abangenasiphakamiso kubonisa ukuba khona kwehlamba elibi.
• Ingxenyana ye-cytokeratin-19 (izinga elivumelekile lingaphansi kuka 3.2 ng / ml) lisetshenziselwa ngokuphumelelayo e-cell-cell lung carcinoma kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu.
• I-antigen ethile yeprostatic (izinga elivumelekile elingaphansi kuka-4.0 ng / ml) lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-prostate carcinoma.

Kubaluleka kokuthola lesi sifo ekuqaleni

Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi futhi uzivikele ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa okunomdlavuza, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukugula ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi uma kunezifo zomdlavuza emndenini.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo esikuqaleni futhi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuzokuvumela ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila, ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga nokusabalalisa kwamathambo. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oluningi kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwabakaki be-SCC, okuyinto enquma ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa kweseli ezinyathelweni zokuqala zomdlavuza.