Izifo ezibulalayo noma umdlavuza wamathumbu, izimpawu

Muva nje, amacala okusakazwa kwesifo njengesifo somdlavuza wezinambuzane, izimpawu zazo ezingabonakali isikhathi eside, ziyaqhubeka zibonakala. Umdlavuza wezinambuzane iqoqo lezinambuzane ezakha emathunjini amakhulu noma ama-rectum avela ku-epithelium yawo, futhi kwenzeka kaningi emadodeni angaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane.

Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomdlavuza emathunjini azange zifundwe kuze kube yimanje, kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezici ezithile ezibangela ukuqala komdlavuza. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:

1. Heredity. Ezokwelapha, amacala omdlavuza wezinambuzane kanye ne-polyposis ehlukanisa amalungu omndeni amaningana ayaziwa. Kulesi simo i-polyposis ibonakala ekwakheni izicubu ezinesifo esibucayi esiba ngumdlavuza ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa.

2. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezingapheli emzimbeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezifo ezinjenge-ulcerative colitis, i-proctitis, isifo se-Crohn, ama-fissures angama-anal.

3. Ukudla okungalungile. Ngokudla okunamafutha amaningi, ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-fiber nokuntuleka kwemifino kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu ekudleni, kanye nokuphila okuhlala phansi, ingozi yomdlavuza iqala.

4. Ukubhema ngokweqile nokudakwa ngokweqile. Lezi zimbangela ngokuvamile zibangelwa izifo ezingapheli zesigungu samathumbu, ezingaba yisifo somdlavuza.

Kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza wezinyosi azibonakali isikhathi eside, kepha ngokuvamile zikhona igazi esitokisini, ukuqotshwa noma isifo sohudo. Uma lezi zimpawu zingashiyi amasonto angaphezu kwamabili, udinga ukuya esikhungweni sezokwelapha ukuze uhlole, ngoba lesi sifo ezinyangeni zokuqala cishe siphelile njalo.

Ezinye izibonakaliso zomdlavuza wembilini zifana nokweqa, ubuhlungu noma ukunganaki ku-anus, i-nausea noma ukuhlanza. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingavamile, kufanele zicatshangelwe uma zihlonza lesi sifo. Uma lesi sifo sisezigaba zokugcina zentuthuko yayo, umuntu angaba nobuhlungu besisu esisodwa, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, okuyinto kancane kancane isakazeka ku-ureters kanye nezinso, kanye nokukhipha umchamo ngesikhathi sokuhlukumeza.
Kuye ngokuthi isifo sifinyelele kangakanani, kuvamile ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine zomdlavuza wamathumbu:

1. isiteji se-0 - isisu esinomdlavuza wesayizi encane, asifaki kwezinye izitho nama-tissue.

2. Ngisiteji. I-tumor isakazeka emathunjini, ingafinyeleli umcabisho wesisipha.
3. isigaba sesibili. Umdlavuza usakazeka emathunjini angaphakathi, emisipha nangaphandle.

4. Isigaba III. Isisu esibi esisuka emathunjini sisakazeka kuma-lymph nodes eseduze. Singasho ukuthi umdlavuza wamathumbu emathunjini, isigaba sesithathu sokuthuthukiswa kwawo, ubonakala ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes, kanti izinga lokusinda liyi-50%.

5. Isigaba IV. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kwezinye izitho kanye nezicubu zomzimba. Ngokuvamile, ama-metastases abonakala esibindi, amaphaphu nama-ovari. Ngakho-ke, umdlavuza wamathumbu, isigaba sesine sokuthuthukiswa kwawo, ikakhulukazi, sibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda, abantu aba-1% kuphela abaqhubeka bephila iminyaka emihlanu, kuzo zonke ezinye izimo umphumela obulalayo ubonakala.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamathumbu kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, i-irrigoscopy, i-fibrocolonoscopy, kanye nezifundo zokuhlaziywa kwamanzi.

Ngakho-ke, umdlavuza wezinambuzane, izimpawu zazo ezichazwe ngenhla, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuhlinzwa kanye nendlela yokwasakazwa kanye ne-chemotherapy. Uma ukwelashwa ngokushesha ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukwelashwa okungu-100% wesifo.