I-retina, izici zalo yokwakheka futhi zisebenza kahle.

I-retina noma retina (-retina), limelela amanga kwangaphakathi emva choroid esweni. ubunjalo yayo extreme itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kukhona ezintathu namangqamuzana ezinzwa neuropathy, okuvela kulo lonke ulwazi ezibukwayo ziqondakala iso iya zazisa ubuchopho, uthola ukwelashwa kokugcina kanye nenguquko ibe izithombe-kufundisa. Ngenxa retina lonke uhlaka emehlweni kungenziwa akhiwa a izakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi umahluko kakhulu intracerebral.

I-retina isakhiwo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi engavamile. It has an isakhiwo ultra-nomzimba omncane, kodwa histologically namanje ukuhlukanisa izingqimba ayishumi ezahlukene isakhiwo sabo. Eyokuqala babo, okuyinto inomngcele ngesilinganiso igobolondo amehlo ethulwa sombala epithelium. Iqukethe inqwaba melanocytes ezikhiqiza i-melanin. Ukulandela ungqimba sombala kuyinto svetovosprinimayuschaya ingxenye yeso. Lona namangqamuzana ezinzwa kuqala. Yena imelelwa photoreceptors ethize. Ngamunye wabo has a umsebenzi othize. Ngakho, izinduku banesibopho kumiswa kusahwalala, ibutho lika Isigaxa - I-kombala nokucacisa. Ukuthi kwenzeka njalo ukuphendula okwesibili ukukhanya. Izendlalelo izinzwa lesibili nelesithathu wahlela amaseli okuguquguqukayo futhi ganglion, ngokulandelana. Kusukela izici yokwakheka ulwelwesi ngwengwzi Kumele kuqashelwe projection kwalo emsipheni optic futhi macula. Endaweni ye-optic nerve disc okubizwa ngokuthi "indawo abayizimpumputhe". Kubaluleke indeferentno stimulation ekukhanyeni, njengalokhu akukho amaseli photoreceptor. Ukuba nesithombe esicacile kakhulu iso womuntu inikeza fossa central (esifundeni macular), lapho kwabantu Izigaxa nje liphenduka. Macula anatomists ngokuthi "umgodi", ngoba kule ndawo otsutsvuyut ezine zamatshe retina.

I-retina ngo evamile, iso okunempilo kufanele uvumelane snugly kuya choroid eziyimbangela, ungqimba yayo angaphandle, ukubizwa ngokuthi ipuleti lwengilazi noma ulwelwesi Bruch sika. Ezimweni lapho lesi sifo wephule, iso ngokushesha noma kamuva, noma angesabi noma ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezithile zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kungenzeka abruption. Lona isimo esibi kunazo eziphuthumayo ohlakeni umbono, okungase ukuphuca unaphakade umuntu ikhono lokubona. isimo Ethambe, kodwa akukho esingaphansi esiyingozi ubhekwa izinyembezi ngwengwzi emehlweni akhe. Kwenzeka endaweni thinning enkulu. Ezinye iziguli zingase awuboni the izinyembezi, ngoba yokuthi mincane futhi kungenziwa akhiwe kude endaweni, okuyinto unomthwalo izithombe ezicacile futhi abukhali lezinto kuyi-retina. I waphuka ezivamile zenzeka uma isiguli emlandweni wezifo zamehlo kukhona ukonakala retina. Ngokwesibonelo, e -degree eliphezulu myopia, noma njengoba ubizwa kanjalo abantu, myopia, nesineke setchaka ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu yeso kakhulu welulela, iba ziyaqothuka futhi mncane kakhulu. Encwadini okhathazekile liningi igazi enjalo retina, kanye nokudla. Ngakho-ke, iliphi ithonya kusuka ngaphandle (nishaye ekhanda, umsebenzi ngokweqile, okwandisa ingcindezi, kwagcizelela shaking) kungaholela uyadabuka futhi ngezinye izikhathi lamabutho retina. Ukwelashwa okufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, njengoba kukhona ithuba ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-retina. Endabeni yesiguli lamabutho kudinga embhedeni bathole ukuphumula nokuthula. A lamabutho elincane fresh ingakwazi iya ku indawo yabo yokuqala. Ezimweni lapho alikho ithemba self-ukuphulukiswa, impatho kuhlinzwa liyadingeka - uphawu ukuhlinzwa scleral noma Vitreous. I-retina, lapho ikhefu livelile ingabuyiswa laser coagulation igebe ingxenye.