Inani labantu base-Alaska, geography, umlando

Alaska ibizwa kufanele ngokuthi iZwe we Midnight Sun, The Final Frontier, IZwe Omkhulu. Ubani wathola Alaska futhi ibiza malini umhlaba e-US? Ubani ophilayo insimu yayo?

Alaska kumephu emhlabeni

Alaska isendaweni ntshonalanga ye-United States kuba isimo elikhulu ezweni. IBering Strait ehlukanisa ke ensimini yase Russia - Chukotka Peninsula. Empumalanga, imingcele isimo nge-Canada.

Lesi simo - i exclave. It uyashiywa lonke US Canadian inhlabathi. Ukuze uthole kusukela Alaska esimweni eliseduze US, kubalulekile ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba amakhilomitha angu-800 ensimini Canadian.

Inani indawo isimo - 1.717.854 sq. km, kanye elula ugu ngoba 10.639 km. Alaska Territory emelelwa ezwekazini neziqhingi eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands, Archipelago Alexander, Kodiak Island, Pribyvalova futhi St Lawrence.

Alaskan Point Barrow iphuzu esisenyakatho kunazo zonke e-United States, futhi Attu Island, okuyinto ingxenye Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands - the entshonalanga kakhulu.

izimo zemvelo

Alaska ubizwa wageza ngu zasePacific naseNyakatho-Arctic izilwandle, ukudala izimo ezahlukene zezulu. Izingxenye sangaphakathi isimo zinezikhathi sezulu sub-Arctic obubandayo nehlobo kuqhathaniswa okufudumele. Engxenyeni esenyakatho sezulu Arctic: nobusika obubanda kakhulu abandayo ehlobo cool. Amazinga ehlobo kuyaqabukela kunqoba zero. Ogwini Pacific (eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-state), isimo sezulu kolwandle omnene, kunothile imvula.

North emathafeni Alaskan ihlanganiswa, futhi eningizimu - kanye emahlathini amakhulu. Kule ndawo, izintabamlilo eziningi kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - Glacier iBering, nendawo ethize 5800 square metres. m. Volcanic lamagquma bayingxenye Alaska Pacific umlilo indandatho. Mount Shishaldin ivuliwe Unimak Isiqhingi futhi kubhekwa omunye mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke-Alaska.

Imifula ngobukhulu esifundazweni - the Yukon futhi Kuskokwim. Ubude e Alaska ingaphezu 10 ayizinkulungwane emifuleni kanye kuka-3 million amachibi. Engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-state-Arctic National Wildlife Refuge kanye enyakatho-ntshonalanga - insimu ka-US uwoyela Reserve.

Ukutholakala Alaska

Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala Alaska Amalotha Dezhnev wathola ekhulwini XVII. Kodwa leli qiniso, akukho isiqinisekiso esemthethweni. "St Gabriel" Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo eZweni Omkhulu isibaluli iqembu ngaphandle komkhumbi. Ithimba uhambo, elimalungu alo babe M. S. Gvozdev, I. Fedorov, DI Pavlutsky futhi A. F. Shestakov, lawela phezu insimu ka-Alaska ngo-1732.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-9 balapha uhambo lwesibili on shumbi "St Peter" futhi "St Paul." Ihamba eliholwa Alexei Chirikov kanye wamazwe odumile Vitus Bering.

inkungu babuphansi yisithiyo abalulekile lokucwaninga. Ekuqaleni, ezweni Alaska kubonakala ibhodi "St Paul", kwaba iPrince of Wales Island. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi kukhona okuningi kwama-beaver akha ulwandle imithini, uboya, ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe eyigugu kakhulu. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-umfutho main sokuthuthukiswa mazwe amasha.

ukudayiswa

Ngo 1799 livula inkampani Russian-American, okuyinto iholwa Alexander Baranov. Ezibalweni asebenzayo ukuzingela-beaver noboya (kamuva eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani izilwane).

Isekelwe nemizana entsha nezimbobo, izikole ovulekile futhi izibhedlela, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox lucwaningo umsebenzi wokufundisa, okuyinto kuba into sabantu Alaska. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba ukhawulelwe ukukhiqizwa noboya futhi benze umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima ubudlelwane neBrithani, futhi budebuduze Russian Alaska eBritish Columbia wenza yazvimoy wakhe uma empini phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Ngakho ngo-1857 asungula umqondo wezwe bethengisa khona eMelika.

Ngo-March 1867 e-Washington, wasayina inkontileka ukudayisa insimu yezinye eziyizigidi ezingu-7.2 zamaRandi. Ngo-October, ukudluliswa ezisemthethweni ezweni athengwe ku Sitka (ababebizwa ngokuthi okusha Ekulu).

US Alaska

Kwaphela isikhathi eside la mazwe ayesanda kuluthola ayengaphansi kokulawula kwe-United States futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi kahle amabutho empi. Ngo-1896 kukhona boom yangempela igolide, lapho uMfula i-Klondike eCanada, thola ezifakwa igolide. Kuyinto elula indawo Canadian ababengashunyayezwa ngokusebenzisa Alaska, labo ababebanga ukuba nokwanda okusheshayo kwenani zokuhlala.

Ngo 1898, igolide atholakala eduze nedolobha Nome futhi idolobha lesimanje lase-Fairbanks, Alaska. Gold Rush nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho esifundeni. Inani labantu base-Alaska ikhule kakhulu. ojantshi eyakhelwe, amaminerali ngenkuthalo misela.

Okukhulu Kwezomnotho ekhulwini XX okukuthinte ngayo ne-Alaska. It abayiswe izakhamuzi uthi enyakatho ukukhulisa umnotho zakule ndawo. Phakathi Umhlaba Okwesibili nge Alaska kukhona ukudiliva eziphathelene nezempi kokuphindela eSoviet Union.

Ngo-1959, i-Alaska ozuza isimo 49th Uhulumeni wase-US. Kamuva lapha ukukhombisa izinqolobane abalulekile ngamafutha, lawo futhi uvusa ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Inani labantu base-Alaska

Isibalo izakhamuzi isimo imayelana 700 000 abantu. Lesi sibalo ubeka wombuso elikhulu lika-47 kuleli zwe. Alaska ukwanda kwabantu kuyinto ephansi futhi 0.4 abantu square kilometre.

The esiphezulu kwenani labantu esimweni waphawula ngemva uwoyela Kwatholakala. Khona-ke labantu Alaska liye landa ngamaphesenti 36%. I idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke state Anchorage, inabantu abangaphezu kuka-300 000.

Babalelwa ku-60% abantu bakuleli batholakale ezimhlophe, lalolo hlanga imayelana 15%, Asians bakha mayelana 5.5%, kanti kwezinye izinhlanga. Amaqembu ngobukhulu kazwelonke abahlala Alaska - amaJalimane. akhawunti Irish nesiNgisi ngoba 10%, kulandele baseNorway, isiFulentshi futhi Scots.

Sevangeli Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia liye hhayi lidlule ngeze - manje Alaska, mayelana 70% bangamaKristu. EsengamaProthestani kubhekwa Inkolo lesibili ngobukhulu, yize yonke Alaska yisimo zenkolo okungenani of America.

Alaska Native

IsiRashiya, yebo, kubhekwe ukuba amaphayona, kodwa ukuba bazohlala esifundeni abantu wayeseke waphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokufika abaphenyi. Ngokusho ososayensi, ama-Alaskans beqala ukuza lapha sivela eSiberia iminyaka engaba ngu-30,000 edlule, ngesikhathi umnkantsha iBering Strait.

Izizwe lokuqala abazithola ku "Izwe Midnight Sun" kwakungamaJuda Tlingit, tsimshian Haile futhi Athabascan. Ziyakwazi okhokho yesimanje wamaNdiya aseMelika. Izizwe banolimi lwabo kanye netinkholelo, ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela lokudoba.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside (cishe 8 ayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule) ezweni Alaska ngomkhumbi abantu ezihlobene Eskimo noma Inuit. Lena kwakuyimindeni we Aleut, Alutiiq futhi Isi-Inupiaq.

Nge kokutholakala abacwaningi Alaska sika Russian baye bangene ezweni yabantu bomdabu nokholo amasiko abo. bendawo abaningi kwabathatha Russian. Ngubani lomkhulu kakhulu Alaska e-United States amaphesenti lalolo hlanga, kodwa leli nani kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva zikhona izinhlelo ezikhethekile ukulondoloza isiko yabantu bomdabu.

isiphetho

Alaska (USA) - esifundeni ocebile nge isimo esingavamile, kodwa ezinzima. Ziningi izintaba-mlilo, izinguzunga zeqhwa, emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Kuyinto US isimo ngobukhulu, ehlukanisiwe United States naseCanada. Population Alaska ethulwa kwamaqembu ezinhlanga eziningi nobuzwe. Kukhona abasahlala inzalo zamaNdiya namakhaladi Eskimo, Ngokuqhubeka amasiko abo namasiko.