Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae: incazelo, umlando

Lapho uhlela uhambo oluya Greece, qiniseka ukukhetha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uhambo Mycenae. Lo muzi wasendulo aliyona ngaphandle isizathu elibizwa ngokuthi isizinda sokucabanga yaseGrisi. Ubizwa kahle eligcwele umoya amaqhawe lasendulo enze imigilingwane egameni onkulunkulu Olympus, okunethezeka engakaze ibonwe, okungenzeka umona yonke imibuso yomhlaba.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene ukubukeka Mycenae

Mycenae Ukuzalwa iphindela kude nomlando. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi isigodi idolobha kwamiswa nesithupha ekhulwini BC. Akhiwe entshonalanga yePeloponnese, waba edolobheni abanethonya kakhulu yeGrisi yasendulo futhi wabeka isisekelo sokuba inkathi yonke ngokuthi "inkathi Mycenaean."

Le nganekwane ngesiGreki lithi edolobheni yasungulwa iqhawe elikhulu Perseus, indodana kaZeyusi, sibambe usizo yamaRefa kanye Cyclopes. Yebo, uMkhandlu, futhi esigodlweni, inqaba izindonga zazakhiwe omkhulu amabhlogo itshe, esefakwe kahle ndawonye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nodaka. Ezinye ezinkulu linesisindo esingamathani angu-cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi nezindonga ngokwabo avuselwa ukuphakama nantathu amamitha. Le ndlela yokwakha izindonga ngokuthi "wokwakha cyclopean". Iningi zezakhiwo Mykonos elakhiwa ngale nqubo. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lezi amabhlogo wathutha ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.

Abasunguli be-Mycenae

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi abasunguli komuzi angabhekwa Achaean lasendulo lapho umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko babe mikhankaso wezempi ezifundazweni eziseduze. UHomer encwadini inkondlo yakhe edumile ehlabelela Mycenae kanye abasunguli bakhe empini. Osendaweni Mycenae wangihlaba eseduze - edolobheni, sizungezwe izindonga kahle enezivikelo eziqinile, isendaweni egqumeni. Inweba azungeze ithafa ukuphuca izitha ziyasibona amathuba ukuze uthole eseduze nedolobha. Kancane kancane crepe futhi kwachuma.

Umlando Mykonos: kuyanda

Mycenaeans kuqashelwe ngokucophelela izindlela umuzi wabo, futhi nantathu ekhulwini BC, benza bandlale phezu lonke nhlonhlo. Izakhamizi amatasa ukuhweba nokuthuthukisa umuzi wabo. isiko Mycenaean esiye sathatha indawo Minoan impucuko ukuthi cishe wabhubhisa emva kuqhuma intaba-mlilo yase-Santorini. Mycenaeans esezinzile esiqhingini saseKrethe, abavubukuli baye bathola ubufakazi namasiko abo e-emanxiweni asesigodlweni Minosskogo. eminyaka eziningana ibhodi Mycenae wanithwesa uphawu omkhulu wonke umlando eGrisi lasendulo.

Ngokusho izinganekwane, Agamemnon, inkosi Mycenae lo muzi waya umkhankaso eside ngokumelene Troy. Ukuwa Troy kwaba isipho enkosini enkulu wonkulunkulu ngokuba ukugcwaliseka kwesithembiso indodakazi yakhe umhlatshelo siqu Iphigenia. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokubuyela enkosini fabulous Mycenae, wabulawa umkakhe Klitemestry, kukuphathe kabi ngemva kokufa indodakazi yakhe. Kuze kube manje, Greece has igama layo lisho ukuthi "muzheubiytsa".

Ngo nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo Mycenaeans eyakhelwe emadolobheni nase madolobhaneni amaningi ukuhlobisa idolobha lakho nge izakhiwo ezinkulu ngokubabazekayo, usehlisele ezifana esigodlweni, isibonelo. Umehluko phakathi kwezakhamizi kwabacebile nabampofu bekulokhu abalulekile kakhulu. Mycenaeans bahlukana umphakathi zibe amakilasi, enikeza amalungelo abathengisi nezinduna.

Ukuwa kwe-Mycenae

emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kwamandla impucuko Mycenaean yaphela ngemva kokuhlasela yePeloponnese ku eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi BC ngezizwe abangophakimpi we Dorians. Bashisa emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu yale nhlonhlo, futhi kuhlanganise Mycenae. Zacindezelwa yabo wawa Troy, okuyinto akabanga nesikhathi esanele ukuze siphinde sithole ngemva kokunqoba okunqobayo kwezindaba Agamemnon. Izakhamuzi Mycenae uzamile ngivuselele edolobheni, kodwa ekugcineni ushiye Peleponnesa e-Asia naseziqhingini. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka Mycenae kwaba ukhohliwe.

Ukuvula Mycenae: ekumbeni Genriha Shlimana

azalwe kabusha Mycenae akweleta abadumile Heinrich Schliemann. Umvubukuli ophikelelayo, usesho abukhali Troy ziyaphawuleka, kungalindelekile bakhubekile lapho omunye amangcwaba eduze Mycenae, ngubani ngishaqekile ingcebo umvubukuli engakaze ibonwe. Ukuhlobisa, ingxenye zempi lempi, eziqoshiwe kanye artefacts - ke ngegolide. Kusukela amangcwaba eziningana Schliemann wakwazi ukukhulisa ezingaphezu kuka amathathu amakhilogramu imikhiqizo eziyigugu metal. Ibaluleke esithile iwukuba abavubukuli bathola legolide ukufa buso. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi kuchasiselwe ke inkathi inkosi edume Agamemnon, kodwa ngemva isifundo omude yayo sangomhla ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha BC. Amagugu abafunyanwa emzini, kwakungamadodana onohlonze kakhulu lapho kuvubukulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Mycenae ihlanganise konke okhiphe emhlabeni yaseGrisi yasendulo. Izikhangibavakashi kulo muzi omkhulu ngokubabazekayo futhi okuyimfihlakalo siyakhazimula namandla izivakashi esigodlweni izindonga, eyingqayizivele zazo amathuna zasebukhosini okunethezeka ngesihluku zezinto ezitholakele.

ezikhangayo Mycenae

Lapho kumbiwa e-Mycenae kwaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, zavula amagugu elisha kulo muzi emangalisayo. ukutholakala ngamunye wafakazela ukuthi yePeloponnese Mycenae zazithonya enjalo enamandla, okuyinto ngiyibone Ancient Greece. Izikhangibavakashi Mycenae namuhla ukumela eziyinkimbinkimbi omkhulu amanxiwa esigodlweni, zokungcwaba kanye izinqaba. Enyuka ezikhumbuzo bemivubukulo kungaba amahora. Indawo ekhethekile phakathi imivubukulo hlala iNgonyama Gate futhi amathuna shaft Mycenae. umsuka wabo, ososayensi abaye bahluleka ukuvumelana ngosuku. Trip ku Mycenae, ungathenga kwesokudla e-Athens. amahora amabili wachitha ngendlela, imali encane kakhulu stunner, elizovela phambi kwamehlo izivakashi.

Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae: incazelo

Ukuze ungenele kahle ebiyelweyo idolobha inqaba, kwakudingekile ukuba kudlule Gate iNgonyama sika. Bona yakhiwa emabhuloki lamane Monolithic, ngalinye elikwazi unesisindo esingamathani angaba mayelana amabili. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi lezi Amabhulokhi elaliqoshwe edwaleni amygdala. Amabhulokhi kusetshenzwe ngokucophelela futhi kushintshwe nomunye. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi iziphathimandla cwaningo, abavubukuli baye bathola ukuthi Clumps ukucutshungulwa amathuluzi afana isaha isiyingi. Serrated emadwaleni kuyabonakala kuze kube manje. Lena ngenye yama-puzzle lokuqala ezonikeza kanye nezazi-mlando Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae. Indlu uhlobo esangweni efanayo ne ezibiyele udonga - wokwakha Monolithic. Ngu ukucabangela, izazi impumuzo wezingonyama yasungulwa elingaphezu kwesango kamuva kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodonga inqaba. isizinda saso date okukhulunywe mayelana nantathu ekhulwini BC. Izingonyama uphawu evame kakhulu heraldic yeYurophu. Abaningi ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini uyaziqhenya lomfanekiso wabo asekhaveni yayo izikhali.

I esiqoshiwe sase-ezenziwe kusukela amabhlogo ezintathu futhi lubonisa izilo ezimbili ezinamandla, emi imilenze yakhe indluzelekazi, osizweni ikholomu. Ezinkulu oqoshiwe kusuka okuqinile limestone rock. Ngeshwa, ikhanda izilwane engafakwanga, kodwa abavubukuli bathi zaphoswa ngegolide kuvuliwe abantu engenayo. Ngokusho kweminye nekucabangela wezingonyama babe iwuphawu omunye wemindeni Isinqumo Mycenae. Kwesinye inguqulo yalesi omkhulukazi esiqoshiwe sase-elalinikezelwe umvikeli we wonke umbuso isilwane - unkulunkulukazi Sweaty. Izazi-mlando eziningi ukubona ukufana ne drevnekeltskimi esiqoshiwe sase-Motifs. Ngokwesiko labo, Emgodzini babenendawo ekhethekile, kodwa ososayensi ungazange sesizicabangile out okushiwo umfanekiso ngokubabazekayo namuhla.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene umsuka Gate iNgonyama sika

Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae - isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, ezifana elalingelona ukwakha ukuchuma yonke inkathi isiko Mycenaean. Indlela yokwakha acatshangelwe kahle esiqoshiwe sase-amakholomu engumKrethe isitayela kwenza ososayensi kokukhumbula izinganekwane Hellenic eminingi yasendulo.

Izinganekwane bathi amaGreki esasiyinzalo onkulunkulu esinamandla Atlantis, owafika ezweni eGrisi lasendulo aphume nasesifundazweni salo alahlekile. Ngempela, izakhiwo itshe eziningi abavubukuli zibhekisela enkathini ka engumKrethe-Minoan impucuko futhi bafaka Mycenaean ushiye imibuzo eminingi. Indlela ayengase enziwe futhi zilethwe esakhiweni of ezinkulu omkhulu? Kungani abanye kubo iminonjana ukucutshungulwa amathuluzi, afana zanamuhla? Kungani bas esangweni eduze ngakho zithandelana izithombe yokuqothula eminye imiphakathi? Ngiphakathi omunye wemibuzo izimpendulo ezingazange ezitholakele.

Imfumbe Gate iNgonyama sika

Uma sicabanga ukuthi iNgonyama Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae ezakhiwa njengoba isakhiwo ukuzivikela, ngakho-ke ososayensi kukhona enye imfihlakalo kule ndawo engaqondakali - yonke imicebo ezitholakala isikhathi sakho Schliemann, amangcwaba atholiwe cishe ngaphansi phansi esangweni. Endaweni efanayo umvubukuli abadumile wakwazi ukuthola ethuneni Agamemnon, ezigcwele phama ngegolide nangesiliva zobuciko. Ngiphakathi ngaphambi noma esikhathini kamuva amaGreki akakuthandanga amathuna.

Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi isigodi yokungena lenqaba ngokusebenzisa Gate iNgonyama sika akatholakalanga ukuba wonke umuntu. Lokhu kufakazelwa indlela eholela esangweni - kanye-ke kukhona odumile kushaft emathuneni, okuyinto eyaba engcwele ngenxa Mycenaeans. Isihambi ayikwazanga ungeniswe izindawo zokukhulekela. Kwavela ukuthi kugcizelela ukubaluleka olukhethekile Gate iNgonyama sika njengoba indawo yokukhulekela kwempahla isiko Mycenaean.

Kungani kunokungqubuzana okunjalo Mycenaeans yokungcwaba ukuyenza? Futhi kungani baye bahlela amagugu azo emnyango emzini? Decent hypothesis emhlabeni yesayensi ingakamiswa phambili. Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae kuqashelwe ngokucophelela izimfihlo Abadali zabo

esigodlweni

Izivakashi abathenga zivakashele ukuze Mycenae, ungabona izakhiwo zomlando zomuzi kanye acebile. Kusukela Lion sika Gate umgwaqo kwaholela esigodlweni. Amanxiwa lesi sakhiwo ngisho manje sokujabulisa izivakashi. Maphakathi isakhiwo ke, unendawo enkulu lapho ihholo unxande nge iziko - iMégaron. Iziko le ukuthi okuqoqiwe ngokucophelela futhi ehlotshiswe imiklamo ezihlotshisiwe, baba izinsika omkhulu bephakamise komzimba emagumbini omane kwemizi. Izindonga ihholo zemikhosi ehlotshiswe imidwebo ngesitayela engumKrethe. Homer ngokuthi "okhanyayo" ehholo izinkondlo zakhe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Minoans babe onjiniyela omkhulu futhi abakhi. Zonke isakhiwo yayakhiwe emazingeni ehlukene, zixhunywe umucu imihubhe kanye namakamelo. Ngaphansi sigodlo sasibhekwa elise uhlelo ukuxhumana futhi ukuthi amanzi omuzi sika. izakhiwo eziningi ngaphakathi Mycenae zakhiwa zaba emabhilidini amabili noma amathathu, okuyinto ukhuluma hhayi kuphela mayelana solvency zezimali izakhamuzi, kodwa futhi mayelana nekhono abakhi.

Esigodlweni okuthiwa okwakukhona kulo zethempeli lasendulo. Abavubukuli baye bathola nonkulunkulukazi ingane ukubaza eziningana. Ubani bakhuleka Mycenaeans, ososayensi anazi lutho nhlobo. Kanye labangayati nobe kuqondwe izazi-mlando zesizukulwane emasikweni emingcwabo yabo.

Shaft emathuneni

Shaft emathuneni okungenani endaweni ehlukile ngaphandle Lion Gate ngesikhathi Mycenae. Amabili umbuthano omngcwabo ukuguqulelwa isikhathi kamuva endaweni engcwele, babe endaweni uhlezi we Mycenaeans zasebukhosini. Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izakhamuzi wangcwatshwa abathandekayo babo abahlezi ewumngcingo shahtoobraznyh amangcwaba. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa akuhlangene ngayo yonke imicikilisho yokusebenzelana ezazaziwa amaGreki. yokungcwaba ngamunye wagcwala imihlobiso kanye nezimpahla zasendlini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinto ezazenziwe amatshe ayigugu. Kwezinye izikhathi uzithele zethusi. Ngemva Schliemann uthola amathuna Umphini Mycenae sabizwa ngokuthi "zlatoobilnymi".

Monumental Lion Gate, ukunethezeka imihlobiso yegolide kanye nezitsha, tinsumansumane, tinganekwane izimfihlakalo - konke lokhu wanika izwe "zlatoobilnye" Mycenae. Greece uyakwazi enchant iyiphi izivakashi ngubani uyofuna waphinda uthinte abamhlaba yakhe nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando.