I-UN Security Council. Permanent amalungu UN Security Council

Phakathi izinhlangano njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni njalo ukusho UN. Ukumazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani kubalulekile kunoma ngubani ofuna ukugcina iso ezintweni ezenzekayo zezwe zezombangazwe, zenhlalo nezomnotho. Uyini umlando lesikhungo kanye ngubani ephathini?

Uyini-UN?

INhlangano yeziZwe ngokuthi uhlobo isikhungo ukuxazulula izinkinga zesintu. Njengengxenye UN usebenze nezinye izikhungo amathathu. Umsebenzi wabo collective uhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke le mbulunga ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo esintu, kuncishiswe buphuya, kanye nempi njalo yokulwa nezifo nezinkinga zemvelo. Inhlangano ingabuye angenele ezombusazwe zanoma yiliphi izwe, uma Yiqiniso ngeke ukuhlangabezana namazinga olwamukelwa zokuziphatha. Ngezinye izikhathi i-UN Security Council izinqumo futhi ezihlukahlukene unswinyo olubhekiswe kula mazwe kungaba ezinzima.

Umlando wenhlangano

Ukuvela UN enzeke ku ngenxa yezizathu eziningana lempi, kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Isintu siye ngaqaphela ukuthi uchungechunge engapheli izimpi kubukela ukuchuma ezivamile futhi, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba athathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa libe indawo enokuthula, eqinisekisa ukuchuma intuthuko. Izinyathelo zokuqala yekwakha inhlangano senziwe 1941, lapho yasungulwa by Atlantic Charter futhi Declaration esisayinwe uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Ngaleso sikhathi abaholi lamazwe ezinkulu ziye zavela umsebenzi oyinhloko, owawungumnyaka ukuthola izindlela kwamaZwe elinokuthula. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngo-Washington amazwe amabili nesithupha abathintekayo kulo anti-Hitler womanyano, isiMemezelo seNhlangano eNhlangano yeziZwe. Igama lalesi ithuluzi esikhathini esizayo iyoba isisekelo igama inhlangano. Ngo-1945, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inkomfa, wakhe ubuhanjelwe USSR, USA, China ne-United Kingdom, umbhalo wokugcina, kamuva elaba-United Nations Charter yadalwa. Juni 26 - ngosuku Ukusayinwa kwalesi sivumelwano - ubhekwa usuku yeNhlangano yeZizwe.

Okuqukethwe Charter eNhlangano yeziZwe

Lo mbhalo samuntu kwezifiso yeningi lwesintu. It lizokwenza kwamalungelo wobuntu, evunywe esithunzini zonke wokuphila, ukulingana besifazane nebesilisa, ukulingana kwabantu ezahlukene. Ngokwe-Charter, injongo UN iwukuhlale ukuthula kwezwe futhi sokuxazulula zonke izinhlobo izingxabano nokungaboni ngaso linye. Ilungu ngalinye inhlangano ubhekwa alinganayo kwabanye, futhi ubophekile ukuba lelisu ngokwethembeka konke ukuzibophezela. Alikho izwe unelungelo ukwesabisa abanye noma ukusebenzisa amandla. I-UN unelungelo ukuba angenelele ezempi ngaphakathi kunoma isiphi isimo. Umqulu ligcizelela nokuvuleka kwenhlangano. Yiba yilungu yiliphi izwe elinokuthula.

UN isimiso ukusebenza

Le nhlangano ayimeleli uhulumeni noma iliphi elinye izwe futhi awukwazi umthetho. Phakathi amandla ayo ukubandakanya ukuhlinzekwa kwezimali, ezisiza ukuqeda izingxabano ngamazwe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindaba zepolotiki. Izwe ngalinye ukuthi uyilungu inhlangano ungakwazi ukuveza imibono yabo. Izitho oyinhloko we-United Nations General Assembly ukucabangela, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, le Council Trusteeship, wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle, futhi ekugcineni, Secretariat. Bonke e-New York. I-International Court of Human Rights, aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi, edolobheni i-Dutch of The Hague.

uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha

Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho izimpi njalo nezingxabano okungapheli phakathi kwamanye amazwe, lokhu umzimba kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. I-UN Security Council siqukethe amazwe nanhlanu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eziyishumi babo ngezikhathi ezithile bakhethwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo ethile. amazwe amahlanu kuphela ziyaqhubeka kufakwe-UN Security Council: Russia, eBrithani, eChina, i-United States ne-France. Lokho inhlangano selithathe isinqumo, kudingeka uvotele ke bafaka amalungu okungenani ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngokuvamile umphumela emihlanganweni ekubeni isixazululo. Engakabi zabo, uMkhandlu yokutholwa ezingaphezu kuka 1,300.

owenza lokhu umzimba kanjani?

Engakabi yayo, i-UN Security Council eseke inombolo ethile izindlela kanye namafomu kwethonya isimo emhlabeni. igunya State ingaveza ukulahlwa, uma izenzo wezwe ziyaguquguquka noMthethosisekelo. Esikhathini esidlule yamuva, amalungu United Nations Security Council ayenganelisekile kakhulu nomgomo eNingizimu Afrika. Ukuze ukuziphatha nesimo liye ngokuphindaphindiwe walahla wobandlululo kuleli zwe. Esinye isimo e-Afrika, lapho liphazamisa inhlangano, baqala imisebenzi yalwa kwamanye amazwe ePitoli. Ngenxa yalokhu Yezizwe zadalwa izinqumo eziningi. Ngokuvamile banxuse isimo kuhilela ukumisa impi, ukufunwa ukuhoxiswa amabutho. Okwamanje, i-ukhathazekile kakhulu mayelana-UN Security Council ye-Ukraine. Zonke izici nhlangano ngenhloso yokuxazulula ingxabano kanye yokubuyisana. Umsebenzi ofanayo selivele lisetshenziselwa ngesikhathi isinqumo mayelana nodaba asePalestina futhi ngesikhathi sempi yezwe elaliyiYugoslavia.

Mayelana nomlando

Ngo-1948, i-UN Security Council wasungula indlela isiphetho, ukusetshenziswa amaqembu ingqapheli nokwamasosha observation. Labo okwakulindeleke ukuba ukulawula, njengoba isimo, lapho kwathunyelwa isinqumo siyahambisana we ukumisa impi bese beyeka-umlilo. Kuze kube ngo-1973, la izingqapheli wathumela amalungu kuphela unomphela i-UN Security Council, uphuma esikhulwini phakathi amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Ngemva kwalo nyaka, nezikhulu zaseSoviet ziye zaba ingxenye mission. Bakhandwa lokuqala ethunyelwe Palestine. Iziphathimandla eziningi asimeme namanje ukulawula isimo eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu unomphela-UN Security Council akha umsebenzi ukuze bafeze imisebenzi yabo Lebanon, India, Pakistan, Uganda, eRwanda, e-El Salvador, Tajikistan nakwamanye amazwe.

Cooperation nezinye izinhlangano

Imisebenzi yoMkhandlu njalo ephelezelwa umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela ngemizimba lesifunda. Cooperation abagqoka ubunjalo onhlobonhlobo, kuhlanganise wokubonisana njalo, ukwesekwa zamanxusa, ekulondolozeni ukuthula observation ohambweni. I-UN Security Council kungathatha indawo ngokuhlanganyela OSCE, njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi izingxabano e-Albania. Inhlangano teaming up amaqembu ezemvelo ukulawula isimo entshonalanga ye-Afrika. Phakathi zinqobe-United Nations Georgia ihlanganiswe ne-CIS yokugcinwa amandla.
Ngo Haiti, uMkhandlu wabambisana Oaş kohlaka mission civil ngamazwe.

UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha amathuluzi

Settlement uhlelo izingxabano zomhlaba is njalo ngcono futhi zandiswe. Indlela muva ukuthuthuka nokulawulwa izinsongo zenuzi kanye nezemvelo, nokuvinjelwa isibhadalala kwadambisa isimo esasishubile, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe mass, izinhlekelele zemvelo, nangendlala, ubhadane lwezifo. Ulwazi kulezi zici njalo ihlaziye ngochwepheshe kula masimu, enquma inkulu kangakanani ingozi. Uma isikali yayo sibonakala sethusa ngempela, isimo uzokwaziswa ukuze usihlalo we-UN Security Council. Ngemva kwalokho, izinqumo zizokwenziwa mayelana nezenzo kungenzeka futhi izinyathelo. Uma kudingeka, bayoba sokuthandana kanye neminye imigwamanda UN. I kuqala kwenhlangano - zezombusazwe izifo. Zonke amathuluzi wezinyathelo zezombusazwe, zomthetho nakwezombusazwe kuvinjelwe izingxabano. UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha ngenkuthalo kunomthelela nokubuyisana, ukuthula kanye nezinye izenzo izifo. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu amathuluzi anjenge ukusebenza ukuthula-nokugcina. izenzakalo ezinjalo phakathi khona eNhlangano yeziZwe osingathe ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Ngaphansi OPM aqondwe njengokufaka isethi yezenzo ezempi ongakhethi, amaphoyisa kanye nabasebenzi abangekho empini, okuhloswe ngaso ezibangela ukuzinza isimo.

Gada ukunqunywa unswinyo

UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kuhlanganisa emizimbeni eziningana osizayo. Zikhona sokuphatha unswinyo UN. Lemigwamanda kungenziwa ngokuthi ENdikimbeni oPhethe Isinxephezelo, iKhomishana Special isimo phakathi Iraq futhi Kuwait, iKomiti eYugoslavia, Libya, Somalia, Angola, Rwanda, Haiti, eLiberia, eSierra Lion ne-Sudan. Ngokwesibonelo, eNingizimu Rhodesia control ngokucophelela kwakhe ngesimo sezomnotho kuye kwaholela ekuqedweni uhulumeni zobandlululo kanye nokubuya bamazwe wokuzibusa eZimbabwe. Ngo-1980 izwe yaba ilungu UN. Ukuphumelela lokulawula ukuvela eNingizimu Afrika, Angola kanye Haiti. Noma kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kwezinye izimo, unswinyo kuye kwadingeka eziningi imiphumela engemihle. Emazweni angomakhelwane izinyathelo yamukelwa UN waphenduka impahla kanye umonakalo kwezezimali. Nokho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa bekuyodumaza kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina kakhulu ngoba umhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke ezinye izindleko abasakwazi kuthethelelwe.

Imithetho mayelana Charter Council

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela ingaba ngempela impikiswano, umzimba UN okufanele asebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Lokhu ezinqunywa Charter. Ngokusho kwakhe, inhlangano liyadingeka masinya wenze izinqumo. Ilungu ngalinye uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kumele ahlale uxhumene UN ukuba ngokushesha afeze imisebenzi yayo esiphuthumayo. Igebe phakathi Imihlangano yeSigungu seziPhathimandla akufanele kube amasonto angaphezu kwamabili. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mthetho akuyona kuyahlonishwa umkhuba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha uya zasedeny olusemthethweni mayelana izikhathi ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa phakathi nonyaka.