Okthoba 24 - Usuku Lomhlaba Wonke WeZizwe Ezihlangene

Ngo-Okthoba 24 yiLusuku Lwamanye amazwe lweZizwe Ezihlangene. Le nhlangano ingumdlali oyinhloko kumabhishobhi omhlaba wonke futhi ixazulula imisebenzi enkulu yezombusazwe, ngenkathi izama ukuqondiswa umthetho nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba, hhayi izifiso zomuntu amalungu e-UN. Nokho, i-oda elinjalo lomhlaba lalingekho njalo. Kwakukhona izikhathi lapho umhlaba uhlezi emgodini wesimo kanye nesinyathelo esisodwa esingalungile kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okungenakuqhathaniswa nokungenakukugwema. Yingakho ngo-Okthoba 24 usuku lwe-UN luyiholidi kazwelonke emazweni amaningi.

Izwe ekuqhumeni kweMpi Yezwe II

I-League of Nations eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi yayiyi-predecessor of the United Nations. Isenzo sesakhiwo esakhiwe ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yomhlaba kwakuhloswe ukulwa nokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa komphakathi wezwe. Kodwa-ke, i-League of Nations ayikwazanga ukumelana nokuhlolwa ngendlela yokuhlukunyezwa kwe-Axis (eJalimane, e-Italy, eJapane), okwakuyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyayiqala ukusebenza emasosheni emelene nomakhelwane babo, bezibandakanya ngezisholo zezombusazwe mayelana nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abanye abantu ngabanye.

Kwabe sekufika umzuzu lapho kwacaca ukuthi i-League of Nations ayikwazanga ukubhekana nemisebenzi yayo. Ngo-1941, lonke elaseYurophu lalihlala eJalimane, kulwa impi eMpumalanga, e-Afrika, ePacific nase-Atlantic Ocean. Iningi lensimu yaseYurophu yaseSoviet Union yaba yincithakalo, futhi amasosha aseJalimane akhethwe enhloko-dolobha yamaSoviet - eMoscow. Usuku olumnyama selufikile umhlaba. I-UN (yayingumqondo kuphela, hhayi inhlangano) yayidingeka nje.

Umlando we-UN

Ngo-Ephreli 1942, amalungu asemqoka olwabambisana noHitler asayina iSimemezelo seZizwe Ezihlangene, lapho athembisa khona ukulwa nokuphela kokuphumelela ngamazwe ase-Axis (eJalimane, e-Italy, eJapane). Emva kwalokhu, futhi ngenxa yemizamo emangalisayo yamaSulumane Alubomvu, inkambo yempi yashintsha. Izwe lihlangene ngokumelene nesitha esivamile. Abagazi, abanqobile ngomhlatshelo womuntu ongavamile wokunqoba, bahamba ngokulandelana.

Ngo-1945, emva kokuzinikela kweJalimane, edolobheni laseMelika laseSan Francisco, abamele abangu-50 babuthana kwiNgqungquthela yokuqala yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Inhloso yalo kwakungukudala nokwakha umqulu weZizwe Ezihlangene ezintsha. Umnikelo omkhulu kulo msebenzi wenziwe ngabameleli base-United States, i-USSR, i-China neBrithani. Lo mqulu wawusulungile futhi wasayinwa yibo bonke abameli ngoJuni 26, 1945. Nokho, leli holide ligujwa ngo-Okthoba 24. Usuku Lwamanye amazwe LweZizwe Ezihlangene lugujwa ngalolu suku, ngoba ngo-Okthoba 24, 1945, lo Mqulu uqinisekiswe ohulumeni base-USSR, Great Britain, France, USA, China kanye namanye amazwe amaningi.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-UN

Izwe likhathele izimpi. Impi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili yabulala abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyikhulu. Izizukulwane ezigcwele zabantu abanekhono nezinekhono zabhujiswa. Izwe akufanele lisakwazi ukwenza amaphutha anjalo. Ngokwemvelo, umsebenzi omkhulu we-UN ukugcina umyalelo wezwe wamanje, ukuxazulana izingxabano zangaphandle phakathi kwezizwe ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo zezobudlelwano, ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa komthetho kanye nokubusa komthetho phezu kokungabi namthetho kanye namandla emzimbeni. Ezimweni zezikhali zenuzi, lezi zinto zibalulekile ekugcineni impilo emhlabeni.

Eminyakeni engu-70 eyedlule, i-UN ingene mayelana nezifunda ezingu-150. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi kuphela ndawonye angasindisa umhlaba kusuka ezimpini ezintsha ezonakalisayo. Yingakho usuku lwe-UN lugujwa emazweni amaningi.

Isakhiwo se-UN

Imisebenzi enikezwe enhlanganweni i-global. Izindlela nezinsimbi zethonya kumgomo wamazwe ngamazwe zenziwa eminyakeni yonke engu-70 yobukhona bezinhlangano. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube yimanje, i-UN, ngesakhiwo sayo, ifana nendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ehambisanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezikhungo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano:

• Iqembu eliyinhloko liqukethe izitho eziyisithupha;
• Iqembu labadala - izinhlangano ezingewona amalungu eqembu eliyinhloko, ezidalwe ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweqembu eliyinhloko;
• Izinhlangano zomhlaba ezizimele, ngandlela-thile zibambisana ne-UN;
• Izikhungo nezinhlangano ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukuhlaziywa okujulile nokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene.

Iqembu eliyinhloko liqukethe:

• I-General Assembly;
• UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha;
• INkantolo Yomhlaba Yobulungisa ;
• Umkhandlu we-Trusteeship;
• I-Secretariat;
• Umkhandlu wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.

Usuku Lomhlaba Wonke LweZizwe Ezihlangene

Leli holide liye lagujwa isikhathi eside, kusukela ngo-1948. IZizwe Ezihlangene liwuphawu lokuthi ukuthula emhlabeni kuzogcinwa, futhi ingqondo nomthetho ziyobe zikhona phezu kwembambano yomhlaba jikelele nokulangazelela izimpi ezibhubhisayo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1971, usuku lwe-UN lugujwa emazweni amaningi njengeholide lombuso.

Emazweni aseSoviet Union yangaphambili, lolu suku aluyona iholidi lomphakathi, nakuba yilokho okulandisa ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwabantu kuzo zonke izimpi zomhlaba. Kodwa kwakuyi-USSR namazwe avela kamuva, enza isandla esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nokwandiswa kwethonya leZizwe Ezihlangene.

Ukugubha usuku lwe-UN emazweni ahlukene

Kwamanye amazwe, usuku lwe-UN luhlangene namanye amaholidi, okugubha ngaphandle kokulingana okuncane. Ngakho, isibonelo, emazweni aseScandinavian (Finland, Denmark, Sweden) usuku lomkhosi lugujwa. Emazweni amaningi e-UN, ngalolu suku, abantu bokuqala bamazwe baqondisa umphakathi womhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States of America ngalolu suku umbhalo wokudluliswa kwezikhalazo komongameli wabo ushicilelwe njalo ngonyaka.

Ungahlali kude neholidi kanye nomuntu wokuqala weZizwe Ezihlangene. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-Okthoba 24, usuku lwe-UN lubhalwe isikhalazo kuNobhala Jikelele.

Lesi sikhalo sichaza imisebenzi esemqoka nemigomo yenhlangano kanye nezifiso zomphakathi wonke womhlaba ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyabelwe abantu.

Izinselele eziyinhloko zesikhathi esiphila kubantu kanye nendima esinqumweni sabo seZizwe Ezihlangene

Umphakathi wezwe ubhekene nenani elikhulu lemisebenzi elingenakuxazululwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwemizamo. Inkinga yendlala, ukuntuleka kwamanzi, inani elikhulu labahlali ngenxa yezingxabano zendawo, izinkinga ezihlukile zamandla, izinkinga zokuqeda imithombo yemvelo yomhlaba, izinkinga zamalungelo abantu emazweni ngamanye akuzona uhlu oluphelele lwezinkinga ezikhona emhlabeni wonke Izinhlangano ezifana ne-UN. Lezi zinkinga azikhawulelanga nanamuhla.

I-UN inhlangano engeke izinikeze izithakazelo zomuntu ngamunye itholakale ithuba lokulawula izithakazelo zesintu sonke. Phela, awukwazi ukuphila kuphela namhlanje, kodwa udinga ukucabanga ngesizukulwane esizayo futhi ubashiye izwe elingashiswa yizimpi eziningi ezinenkinga eziningi, kodwa umhlaba ocebile futhi ophucukile.