USepthemba 4 - Usuku Lwezengcweti Yezokuphepha ZaseNyukliya YeRussia

USepthemba 4 - Usuku lochwepheshe wezokuphepha enuzi ezweni lethu. ISoviet Union yakhathalela ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukiswa kwebhomu lenyukliya, ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokuhlola zenyukliya. Unyaka nonyaka, ososayensi baye bathola ukuthola okuningi kule ndawo. Ukuqapha okuyinhloko kukhokhelwe ekuhlolweni kwesayensi ekudalweni kwamacala enyukliya nokuguqulwa kwawo.

Ukunqoba uhlelo lwenyukliya

Ukuphumelela okuyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni imboni yenuzi kuyadalwa isayithi lokuhlola le-Semipalatinsk (i-Altai Territory). Ngo-1949, owokuqala, futhi ngo-1990 - izivivinyo zokugcina zenuzi e-USSR. Ngenxa yabososayensi basezikhali zenukliya, kwaba lula ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathandeki. Yilezi heroes ezinikezelwe usuku lochwepheshe endaweni yokuphepha yenukliya.

Isithombe esiphezulu yindawo yokuqala yokuqhuma kwebhomu, uhlobo "lomlando" wesayithi lokuhlola le-Semipalatinsk. Bonke ochwepheshe basekhaya basezimboni zenuzi basebenze ekwakheni izikhali zenuzi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, ososayensi basezikhali benze ezinye izinto ezingu-715.

Mayelana nomsebenzi

I-atomic physics igatsha lesayensi elihlola isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ze-athomu. Ngemva kokutholakala kwe-radioactivity (1896), kwahlukaniswa ezindaweni eziningana. Ngomnyaka we-1940 no-1950, i-fission yenukliya yahlolisiswa, ngenxa yalokho, amandla wamandla enyukliya, izikhali kanye nama-reactors akhiwa. Ngokushesha umsebenzi we-fusion we-thermonuclear waqala.

Ngosuku oluhle kakhulu, isazi sezokuphepha sezikhali zenuzi siyakuhalalisela izazi zesayensi yenuzi ezweni lonke. Iyini umsebenzi wabo. Ama-physicists asezikhungweni zamasosha asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezigameko zenyukliya, aqapha isimo sabo ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile. Futhi, ulwazi lwalabachwepheshe lusebenza ezitshalweni zamandla enyukliya, izikhungo zocwaningo, ama-laboratories nezikhungo ezikhethekile zemfundo.

Izinkinga ezavela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi

Intuthuko yesayensi iye yafaka izinkinga eziningana. Imiphumela emibi yokutholakala kwezikhali zenuzi yabhekana nezakhamuzi zase-Altai Territory, lapho isizinda se-radioactive sagxila khona. Kwakukhona isidingo sokusebenzisa imfucuza yenuzi. Futhi kwaphakama umbuzo mayelana nomphumela wemisebe kubantu. Yonke le misebenzi yayiyadingeka ukuba umuntu anqume. Ngakho kwavela umsebenzi omusha - isayensi yezinkanyezi. Ngo-2006, uhulumeni waseRussia wabeka iholide elihlukile kulabo basebenzi, okuthiwa yi-Day of Nuclear Safety Specialist.

Izwe langemva kwempi lalinethemba elikhulu ekudalweni kwezikhali zenuzi. I-physicist odumile emhlabeni u-Andrei Sakharov wenza iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yeSoviet nokudala ibhomu le-hydrogen. Emisebenzini yakhe yesayensi wakhuluma ngamandla amakhulu abhubhisa ibhomu lenuzi enamandla okubhubhisa sonke isintu. Izifundo zaletha udumo lomhlaba wabalobi.

Zenzani izici ze-physics zenuzi?

Usuku lochwepheshe bezenyukliya eRussia luhloswe ukukhumbuza labo abadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwezwe. Izivivinyo ze-nyukliya azange zenziwe isikhathi eside, kepha izinkinga zokuvikelwa ezikhali zenuzi zisasebenza nanamuhla. Izikhungo zokucwaninga zaseRussia zihlola isici ngasinye esihlabayo sokuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi, ukuyihlukanisa zibe izinto ezihlukene. Ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile, ama-pulses kagesi akhiqizwa akhululwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

I-MiG-29 iyimodeli yokuhlolwa okuqale ihlolwe ngaphandle kokulayisha, bese ikhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imicibisholo yezindiza ehlulekile izoqala ukuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo. Umsebenzi wabososayensi basezikhali zenuzi ukubona izinto ezikhona zokuthuthukiswa kwezenzakalo.

Kukhona okunye ukufakwa okuyaziwayo - kuyithuluzi elikhulu. Lesi yisikhala esivaliwe lapho kudalwa khona umshini weshaqha. Ngalesi divayisi wadlula zonke izimoto ezisezempi zaseRussia. Uma amathangi angazange avivinye ukuhlolwa okunjalo, athunyelwe ukuze abuyekezwe. Okusho ukuthi, noma iyiphi imodeli yobuchwepheshe kufanele ivunywe ososayensi ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.

Amakhono aqeqeshiwe adingekayo ochwepheshe

Ukuba ngumculi wezinkanyezi kuyisibopho esikhulu. Ngosuku oluphawulekayo lochwepheshe wezokuphepha wezikhali zenuzi, ukuhalalisela kanye namazwi afudumele azwakala abantu abadingeka ukuba babe nemfanelo elandelayo:

1. Yiba namakhono amahle wokuhlaziya.
2. Ukuze ukwazi ukucabanga ngokulinganayo nangokulinganisa.
3. Yiba nomqondo wemathematika .
4. Yiba nenkumbulo enhle.
5. Ukwazi ukugxila kahle.
6. Yiba nomthwalo wemfanelo, ozimele futhi ohleliwe.
7. Ukuzinza okungokomzwelo okungenangqondo futhi kuthuthukiswe intuition.
8. Ukuze ukwazi ukugcina imfihlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, kufanele bathande umsebenzi wabo.

Amandla enyukliya eRussia Federation

Usuku lochwepheshe wezokuphepha wezokuzikhukhumeza ngumkhosi kulabo abanomthwalo omkhulu wokuphepha kwezwe lonke. Banikela nsuku zonke ekuthuthukiseni ibutho le-nyukliya laseRussia. Ngo-1947, kwaqalwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo - umnyango okhethekile we-General Staff of the USSR Forces Army, owaba umboniso we-12 Director General of the Ministry of Defense. Ukuqhuma okwenzeke eChernobyl esiteshini samandla enyukliya kwenze izinguquko kumqondo wokuphepha kwezwe. Ngemva kwalolu daba, kwahlelwa inhlangano entsha - i-Nuclear Weapons Safety Inspectorate. Kwakukhona isidingo sokuba khona kosizo oluphuthumayo lochwepheshe .

Njengamanje, izinhlelo ezikhethekile zezempi zombuso zakhiwe, ezihlinzekela zonke izinyathelo eziqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uRosatom. Ukuphepha kwezwe kuhlinzeka ngokutholakala kwezikhali zenuzi eRussia. Ososayensi banethuba lokudala indlela yokubhujiswa futhi bazi ukuthi bangazivikela kanjani kulo. Izikhungo zokucwaninga zaqala ukuthuthukisa izikhali ze-laser.

Imikhosi yosuku lwe-physics ye-nyukliya

NgoSeptemba 4 yiSuku seNuclear Security Specialist, lowo ophethe izinhlamvu futhi ulawula zonke izivivinyo zenuzi. Imicimbi eminingi yemikhosi ibanjwe kuleli lizwe, ihlelwe kulo mcimbi. Umkhosi uhlolwe yibo bonke ochwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwe nyukliya. Ukuhlonipha okukhethekile kunikezwa ngamadiplomas, ama-veteran ahlonishwa, akhumbula oshonile.

Usuku lomcimbi luzinikezelwe ekudalweni koMnyango oPhethe ku-General Staff of the Army Forces of the Soviet Union (1947), okwakwenziwa ekusebenzisweni kwazo zonke izivivinyo zenuzi. Ososayensi bamandla enuzi basebenzisa ukuphila kwabo kwisayensi nasesimweni. Ziyinkimbinkimbi yezwe, kubantu abanjalo abakwaRussia abanecala lokuba khona esimweni sezikhali eziphelele kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

September 4 Usuku LwaseSikhulu Sokuvikeleka Kwenyukliya YeRussia ngumkhosi wezobuchwepheshe wezikhali zenuzi. Ukuhalalisela abamele lo msebenzi, awudingi izinkondlo noma imisho emide. Kuyakwazi ukusho ngokumane futhi ngenhliziyo yakho yonke ukuthi umsebenzi wabo ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngeke ukwazi ukungaboni, kokubili empini nangesikhathi sokuthula.