Ukugaya emgodini womlomo

Ukugaya ukudla kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi ekhuphuka ekuqhekekeni kwama-molecule amakhulu amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbons abe ama-monomer alulawa kalula ngamaseli omzimba. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zendlela yokugaya ukudla, ama-compounds ahlukene ahlukaniswa, awangena emcimbini omncane wamathumbu futhi asakaze kuwo wonke umzimba. Uqala ukugaya okufanayo emlonyeni.

Ngaphambi kokucubungula ukuthi ukugaya kwenzeka kanjani emgodini womlomo, kubalulekile okungenani ukujwayelana nesakhiwo saso.

Ukwakhiwa kwesigxobo somlomo

E-anatomy kuvamile ukuhlukanisa umlomo womlomo zibe izingxenye ezimbili:

• Umngcele womlomo (isikhala esiphakathi kwezindebe namazinyo);
• Impela ngomlomo womlomo (okulinganiselwe emazinyo, isibhakabhaka samathambo kanye nomlomo we-diaphragm);

Ingxenye ngayinye yesigxobo somlomo sinomsebenzi wayo futhi inesibopho senqubo ethile yokucubungula ukudla.

Amazinyo anesibopho sokwenziwa komshini wokudla okuqinile. Ngosizo lwezinyosi kanye nama-incisors, umuntu ugwema ukudla, bese ewachoboza nge-molars encane. Umsebenzi wama-molar amakhulu ukugaya imikhiqizo.

Ulimi luyisitho esikhulu semisipha esinamathele phansi emgodini womlomo. Ulimi aluhilelekanga kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kokudla, kodwa nakwizinqubo zokukhuluma. Ukuhamba, lesi sitho somzimba sixuba ukudla okuqoshiwe ngamathe futhi sakha ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungama-tissue olimi oluthandayo, izinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu kanye nama-receipt mechanic.

Izithobezi ze-salivary - izinhlayiya ze-parotid, izilinganiso ezingaphansi kwezicathulo kanye nezicathulo ezivela ngaphansi komlomo ziphuma emgodini womlomo ngosizo lomgwaqo. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko yikhiqizwa kanye nokwehla kwamathe, okubaluleke kakhulu ngezinqubo zokugaya. Imisebenzi ye-Saliva kanje:

• Ukugaya (umquba uqukethe ama-enzyme, lapho ama-carbohydrate ahlanganiswa);
• Ukuvikela (umquba uqukethe i-lysozyme, enezakhi ezinamandla ze-bactericidal, futhi umqubu uqukethe ama-immunoglobulins nezici zokugcoba.) I-saliva ivikela umlomo womlomo kusukela omile);
• I-excretory (ngezinto ezinamathele ezifana ne-urea, usawoti, utshwala, izinto ezithile zokwelapha);

Ukugaya emgodini womlomo: isigaba somshini

Emgodini womlomo, ukudla okuhlukahlukene kungangena futhi kuye kuye ngokuvumelana kwayo, kungena ngokushesha kudlule phakathi kwesenzo sokugwinya (iziphuzo, ukudla okuketshezi), noma ukuqhutshwa komshini okwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqubo zokugaya.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ngosizo lwamazinyo, ukudla kuchotshoziwe. Ukunyakaza kolimi kuyadingeka ukuze uhlanganise ukudla okuhlosiwe ngamathe. Ngaphansi kwamathanga, ukudla kuyancipha futhi kuvuleke nge-mucus. I-Mucin, equkethwe ematheni, iyingxenye ekwakhiweni kwesilwane sokudla, esidlula kamuva.

Ukugaya emgqonyeni womlomo: isigaba se-enzymatic

Ukubunjwa kwamathambo kufaka phakathi ezinye ze-enzyme ezibandakanya ekubola kwama-polymers. Emgodini womlomo kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwamathebhoni, okuqhubekayo emathunjini amancane.

I-saliva iqukethe inkimbinkimbi ye-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-ptyalin. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, i-polysaccharides iyancipha kuma-disaccharides (ikakhulukazi i-maltose). Kamuva, i-maltose ngaphansi kwethonya lenye i-enzyme ihlukaniswa nge-glucose monosaccharide.

Uma isikhathi eside ukudla kusemgodini womlomo futhi kutholakala isinyathelo esenziwe nge-enzymatic, kulula ukuyigaya kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomuthi wezitshalo. Yingakho odokotela batusa njalo ukuhlakulela ukudla isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kulokhu ukugaya emlonyeni kuphela. Isilonda sokudla siyaqhubeka futhi, lapho uqala umcibisholo wolimi, uqala inqubo yokugwinya i-reflex, lapho ukudla kudlula khona bese kungena esiswini.

Uma ufingqa, khona-ke emgodini womlomo kunezinqubo ezinjengokugaya ukudla, ukuhlaziya izimfanelo zayo zokunambitheka, ukugcoba ngamathe, ukuxuba kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwama-carbohydrate.