UBernard Baruch: Indaba wezimali American

Wezezimali kanye zimali uBernard Baruch yayaziwa nekomkhulu lalo elikhulu kanye nethonya elikhulu kwezombangazwe. Ukuba impumelelo izuzwe ku-New York Stock Exchange kwakhe, waqala ukusebenza njengonjiniyela umeluleki US kamongameli. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo - i ingxubevange okumangalisayo kwezenzakalo kanye lezimanga.

eminyakeni yokuqala

I wezimali abadumile uBernard Baruch wazalelwa Agasti 19, 1870 emzini wase-US Camden (South Carolina). Weza evela emkhayeni ompofu abangamaJuda. Simon UBharuki wayengunobhala onamadodana ezine, wesibili babo kwaba uBernard Baruch. Izingane, njengoba isikhathi yabonisa, kwaba abanamakhono futhi kanzima zokusebenza. UMfoweth 'we wezimali esizayo German ngisho wasebenza njengoba US inxusa eNetherlands and ePortugal.

Ubusha Bernard Rekonstrutsii iphutha esikhathini lapho, ngemva kulwiwa, United States eningizimu wave zobugebengu nasezinxushunxushwini abamnyama. Ufuna ekhoneni ethule omkhaya uBharuki kuhanjiswe ku-New York. Lapha Bernard ngiya ekholishi.

Indawo yokuqala uBharuki umsebenzi 1890 kwaba Brokerage AA Housman & Co. neminyaka engamashumi amabili umfana kwaba gofer, uthola $ 3 ngesonto. Okunye amathuba iSilekeleli Sokwazisa ka isimo sezenhlalo ubuzwe kwakungeyona elula.

ukusuka

Njengezinye nabashintshi eziningi, ezimakethe zamasheya uBernard Baruch kwavela ngengozi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kuqala waba inhlekelele. Kodwa uBharuki akazange adikibale. Waqala ukuboleka imali esuka kubangani nomndeni. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, wabe esexoxa owamthuma 500 - kuyinto all that remains yendlu ngosuku yezimvula. Bernard wayengeyena wayethukile futhi kwakwakhiwa, waqala umsebenzi brilliant yeZezimakethe.

UBharuki akaphenduli ku isithombe evamile exchange. Ikesi wayengumuntu ngempela ewubuciko: benze izivumelwano okuyingozi shí ukufunisela. Ochwepheshe ashaya wathatha impumelelo yokuqala yale upstart. I umnikazi ezidumile wezimali kwesikhathi lakhe, uJohane Pierpont Morgan wacabanga uBharuki 'sibukhali ikhadi. " Akulungile ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphansi capitalism zonke osomabhizinisi zuza imali yabo amagilavu emhlophe. Akuyena umuntu ohlanzekile kakhulu ngokwakhe ayengeke JP Morgan. Nokho, izindlela ahlomile uBernard Baruch, wamangaza ngisho bakhohlisi esibi kakhulu.

Wheeler-nomthengisi

Njengoba ukubonakala kwawo phezu stock exchange umnqobi esizayo-Wall Street badela ke ethandwa ukuhweba isu. UBharuki neze ugxile izinkampani ababuthakathaka sinombono kabusha kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange iphendukele kuyanda yokufakelwa amanani lamasheya yayo. Zimali ngibhapathizwe, njengoba kwakuyisiko, nge-akhawunti scrupulous zezici eziyisisekelo emakethe yamasheya.

Ngokuphambene nalokho amabhidi ke babe kuyanda, lo wezimali ngenkuthalo ukudlala ngoba ukuwa. Ukuze ngokwami, uBernard Baruch bahlanganise umthetho elula: ". Thengisa futhi uthenge at esiphezulu esiphansi akukwazi" Ngenxa yalokho, wayevame ukuhamba ngokumelene mkhuba emakethe, ukuthenga lapho inengi lazo lathengiswa, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Endleleni eya ingcebo

Iningi uBharuki isitayela owawufana isitayela omunye Spy abadumile Dzhessi Livermora. Laba bahwebi ezimbili bebelokhu baziwa ngokuphakamisa ngezinye izikhathi bashiye emakethe futhi walindela okwesikhathi kangcono resumption yokudayisa. Uma kokuba wamukele isinqumo esinzima esinjalo punters, Bernard wathi, "Jay, ngicabanga sekuyisikhathi ukudubula partridges." Ukulandela le mzuzu, wathengisa zonke izikhundla zakhe, wahamba eseholidini elide kakhulu ipulazi lakhe Hobkau Barony eNingizimu Carolina. emaxhaphozini Salty nasogwadule olunesihlabathi amabhishi izigodi wavama amadada ayizinkulungwane 17 esingamahektare kwakungekho ifoni, ngazo kungaba baxhumane eNew York. Kodwa ngisho nangemva ukungabi olude umdlali kubuyela exchange isitokwe.

Lokho okwakhe ngawo Bernard uBharuki Dzhessi Livermor baziklolodela imithetho owamukelwa abahwebi, wabenza abadumile ngisho nangaphambi ukubukeka esiningi dolobha. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa inhlalakahle upstarts akalindanga.

Zimali nosomabhizinisi

Waqala kusukela uBharuki phansi wathola ngokwanele ukuthatha utshalomali yabo. Omunye amathuluzi kuqale ukuvela inkampani yakhe Texasgulf Inc., ezikhethekile amasevisi embonini ithuthuka ngokushesha uwoyela.

Kodwa, njengoba izenzakalo kamuva kwabonisa, broker akakuthandanga inkampani ukuphathwa. izinkondlo zakhe ahlale ukuhweba, lapho wayehumusha iningi isikhathi esichithwa Wall Street. Kakade ngawo-1900. yonke ikota kwezimali New York ukuthi ubani uBernard Baruch. Umlando impumelelo yayo abaningi ugqozi futhi eminingi bogey. Ilokhu kwakukhona amahemuhemu mayelana omkhulu isimo Spy. Ubukhulu balo babengamaphesenti isikali alinganayo Dzhozefa Kenedi futhi JP Morgan.

"Lone Wolf"

Namuhla izindlalifa uBernard Baruch bayaqhubeka bejabulela isimo, abethelwe isihlobo sabo emincanyana. Ngo-1903, eneminyaka engu-33 years muva nomdayisi engaziwa yaba ilungu club kubo bonke abantu abayizinjinga. yonke indlela yayo olunameva kuya New York Stock Exchange uBharuki wayengumkhulekeli uwedwa. Wakuthanda ukugcina konke ngaphansi kokulawula kanye wehluleka umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela. Ngenxa yalesi zimali ngokuthi "impisi oyedwa we-Wall Street."

Kule minyaka edlule, lapho emsebenzini ophathelene nezimali nezikhathi eziningi ezinhle nezimbi wazibonela uBernard Baruch. Biography wezimali yisibonelo umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayebambelele iyophumelela. 1907 uBharuki zakhishwa ngamazwe ukuhweba ngokuqinile M. Hentz & Co., futhi njengoba omdala, waqala ukuba bathanda ukutshalwa ezihlobene ifa okuthembekile yangempela.

inkonzo yomphakathi

Ukuba baphumelele abalulekile kwi exchange isitokwe futhi kwezamabhizinisi, uBharuki waqala ukubheka inqubomgomo. Ngo-1912 waze wavuma ukuba axhase umkhankaso laMengameli Woodrow Wilson. Foundation for Democratic Party lithole kusuka kahle wisher zamadola ayizinkulungwane 50. Wilson lwaphumelela emncintiswaneni futhi sibonga wezimali abamiswe ukuba uMnyango ukuzivikela kazwelonke.

Ehhovisi lwayo lokuqala zomphakathi uBernard Baruch, isithombe okuyinto yayizovela kuso lesi emaphephandabeni kazwelonke, sibhekene uxakekile sina. Inhlanganisela izindaba zezombangazwe yebhizinisi umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu.

Izinkinga umthetho

Ngesikhathi exchange isitokwe uBharuki waqala ukusola ukuhlukumeza isikhundla sayo esemthethweni ukuthola ulwazi ngaphakathi mayelana emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1917, zimali osolwa wokudalula imibhalo eyimfihlo. Kuphetha abaphenyi ukuthi, sibambe isikhundla sakhe, ngokungemthetho wathola abangaba yisigidi zamadola.

Ukuphendula okushiwo abomthetho uBharuki wathi wayethole imali yakhe yokugcina ukuthengisa nse njengoba enza ngaphambi kokuvela izinto ezindaweni zikahulumeni. I sokuzivikela kwagcizelela ukhonkolo - a Spy kungaba lisinde lingabanjwa.

Advisor kuMongameli

Njengoba esemthethweni Bernard Mannes uBharuki wayengumkhulekeli obhekene ukusatshalaliswa oda lempi. Khona-ke washiya nowokuzalwa kakade New York Stock Exchange. Ezezimali saphela sithengiselane, kodwa baqhubeka nemisebenzi zimali zakhe ', iqondisa kabusha ke emkhondweni umkhakha lempi. UBharuki imali agelezela izinkampani wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izikhali ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu. Nakanjani ingxenye supply dollar livela isabelomali isimo namafemu lempi, wahlala ephaketheni izinceku zakhe zobuqili civil. Kulinganiselwa ezahlukene, isikhathi kokunqotshwa eJalimane kwaba umnikazi kaBharuki esifundazweni kwezigidi ezingu-200.

Ngo-1919, abaholi bezizwe enqobile bahlangana eParis Ukuthula lenkomfa. UBharuki baya enhlokodolobha French. Wayengumuntu ilungu esemthethweni US ithimba, eliholwa uMongameli Wilson. Economic Umeluleki kuqhathaniswa lokumiswa ngokweqile eJalimane futhi babesekela umbono wokuba weNhlangano Yezizwe kudingeka ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene.

UBharuki Yokuwohloka Okukhulu

Vudro Vilson wesulile esikhundleni sakhe sokuba ngumengameli ngo-1921. Ukujikeleza White House uye engazivimbeli uBharuki ukuhlala ku-US isimo kwezombusazwe. Wayengumuntu umeluleki at Warren Harding, uHerbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt futhi Garri Trumene. Ukulinganisela phakathi kukahulumeni namabhizinisi, umphathi wezimali uqhubeke yokucebisa, usebenzisa idatha ngaphakathi isimo emakethe. Izindlalifa uBernard Baruch bangahlala ngaphandle penny ephaketheni lakho, uma hhayi lobubhalo ngezinkulumo zakhe ezazifike ngesikhathi. Ngobusuku obandulela Elikhulu Ukucindezeleka uBharuki wathengisa ngakho konke lamasheya abo, futhi imali bathola inqwaba izibopho.

Okthoba 24, 1929 US izimakethe isitokwe hit wokugoqa. Lonke emakethe ngakhungatheka ku obumbi uyeza nekusasa lingaqinisekile. Zonke - kodwa hhayi Baruh Bernard. Incwadi, sabhalwa ekupheleni zokuphila ngaye ngokwakhe, uthi ngalolo suku Spy wafika New York Stock Exchange, kanye uWinston Churchill. Loku kuvakasha kwaba hhayi ngephutha. Ezezimali wafuna ukubonisa emigomweni British yokuqondisisa yayo enviable kwezomnotho.

Ukuqagela ngegolide nangesiliva

Omunye ukukhwabanisa ezinemali kunazo zonke Bernarda Baruha waqala neketanga yezenzo zakhe ngo-1933, lapho ukuqedwa standard igolide e-United States. Ngesikhathi izwe iminyaka eminingi wahlala esimeni esibucayi esabekayo. Yena wadubula ukungasebenzi omkhulu futhi ucabanga bezinkampani ezinkulu. Kulezi zimo, uhulumeni wamemezela wokuhlengwa jikelele egolide izakhamuzi. Ngamtshela ukuthi ensimbini eyigugu, abantu bathola imali yephepha.

Ngo-October 1933, lapho iningi igolide wayiswa Treasury, uMongameli Roosevelt wamemezela ukwehla kwamandla kazwelonke. Manje uhulumeni uthenge igolide ngesikhathi intengo anda. Zonke esonta kanye ematfuba yoshintsho Yiqiniso wayazi esiseduzane umeluleki kamongameli uBernard Baruch. Ucaphuna bese ucindezela abonise ukuthi umphakathi ubekade imfiva izinguquko njalo olukhulu. Kuphela "impisi oyedwa 'owakwazi ukusebenzisa isimo omusha ngamunye. Bachitha izimali ingxenye enkulu izimpahla zalo ngesiliva nje ngaphambi kwamanani buyout esesidlangalaleni metal.

IMpi Yezwe II

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuphila uBernard Baruch umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe ngaphezulu hung phezu zezimali. Kugqashuka seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, waphinde ubekade indima le umeluleki lempi omnotho iziphathimandla US. Abatshalizimali edlale indima enkulu ukuze ushintsho ohlelweni intela US. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye usuqalise i ukugqugquzela nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Ithonya umeluleki lalibalulekile ukuze ngo-1944, uMongameli Roosevelt wachitha ngenyanga eNingizimu Karolinska impahla yakhe owaziwa.

UMongameli waze ngisho wasikisela uBharuki amabombo Committee on ukukhiqizwa Military-ezimbonini. Sekuyisikhathi eside Advisor ngifisa ukuba kulesi sikhundla futhi imicikilisho acele ukunikwa isikhathi luhlolo ngudokotela ukuze uqiniseke ezimpilweni zabo siqu isikhundla ebalulekile kuphela. Nokho, ngenkathi uBharuki wadonsa ne impendulo, omunye Roosevelt umeluleki Harry Hopkins wathonyelwa umongameli ukulahla lo mbono. Ngenxa yalokho, playoff umuntu wokuqala wasuka isiphakamiso sakhe.

"ZikaBharuki Hlela"

Ngo-1946, ngundlalifa Roosevelt, Truman esimisiwe uBharuki kwindawo US Ambassador ikomidi UN obangela ngamandla enuzi umkhakha. Ngenxa yalokho, lo umeluleki kamongameli yaziwa kabanzi e-USSR. Iqiniso lokuthi emhlanganweni wokuqala kaBharuki Commission ezihlongozwayo kuvinjelwe zenuzi wenze umsebenzi ngaphansi kokulawula umzimba jikelele wonke amazwe emkhakheni zenuzi. iphakethe imizamo waziwa ngokuthi "zikaBharuki Hlela".

Esimeni semakhaya incipient iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, endabeni yokuphepha zenuzi isibe kwaphuthuma. Ukwesaba ngamabhomu e-athomu wayemkhulu, ngoba nje eminyakeni embalwa edlule, US wazama lezi zikhali emadolobheni amabili-Japanese, okubonisa imiphumela ezinyantisayo izikhali yakamuva. Noma kunjalo eqine America wagxeka isinyathelo ku Kremlin. Stalin engafuni ukuyeka zenuzi izingalo uhlanga futhi ngeke kuhlinzekwe, kuye ngokuthi isikhundla United States. "ZikaBharuki Hlela" sinqatshelwe. I-UN akazange abe nethonya elikhulu ngokwanele ukuba ngahlule kwamanye amazwe emisebenzini ukuthuthukisa izikhali zenuzi.

Ekhuluma impi yomshoshaphansi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kwaba uBernard Baruch wanikela ngokuphila kule nkulumo, nakuba, ngokusho iphuzu ezivamile umbono, inkulumo ethi "impi yomshoshaphansi" kokuqala kwenziwa ngendlela kwenkulumo uWinston Churchill. Ngemva ukumisa umsebenzi we-UN kuyinto umeluleki abadala waqhubeka esebenza e-White House. Washona ngo-June 20, 1965 e-New York lapho ngineminyaka engu-engu-94.