Symbiosis, izibonelo ukwabelana suschetvovaniya

Izigidi zama-izidalwa eziphilayo abahlala emhlabeni, futhi konke uhlobo oluthile uxhumano phakathi kwazo. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo zidla nezinye izilwane futhi ngokwabo ukudla nezilwane namandla. Kodwa kukhona esinye Ubuhlobo - Symbiosis, izibonelo zazo zitholakala yonke indawo. NgesiGreki, le nkulumo isho ukuthi "siphile ndawonye". Ngokumangalisayo, elisho "nokubambisana" yalolu hlobo bathambekele ezinye izitshalo.

Omunye uhlobo Symbiosis kuyinto mutualism, okusho "reciprocity". Nge lolu hlobo kuhlalisana izinhlangothi zombili kuyizingane ibalulekile omunye komunye.

Isibonelo co-khona futhi parasitism, lapho-ke ingenye omele ukulimala komunye, esisekhona ngendlela.

izibonelo Symbiosis

Ake uqale nge thina - abantu. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-bacterium - isitha yomuntu, kodwa ngaphandle ezinye yohlobo lwazo, singeke siphile ukuphila okuvamile futhi akhona. Ngo amathumbu wethu uhlala bifidobacteria futhi lactobacilli, ukuthi izinombolo zabo azixoshe kwamagciwane faka kusuka ngaphandle. Futhi bondliwa okuqukethwe ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke uphendulela Ukubambisana mutual.

Kukhona izilwane "abangane" isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika yenkukhu voloklyui fly kusukela emuva ngemuva izilwane ezinkulu (Buffaloes, izindlulamithi, obhejane), lapho bathola udle amakhizane nezinye izinambuzane ukuthi bazihlanganise imidondoshiya, ukusula kuwo kanje eziphila ngezinye nokuthola okuningi ukudla ngokwabo.

Ezweni zasolwandle njengoba kukhona kwezinhlobo basizane phandle. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi-inkunzi, lapho ebona isitha esikhulu, ezifihle umgodi, okuyinto bemba umdlavuza ngokuchofoza. Kodwa eyisinambuzane kuphela ukwamukela lokhu, njengoba Ukuphunyuka zezinhlanzi iyisiginali ukuthi, futhi, kudingeka ukufihle (umdlavuza uqobo obona embi). Lapho imvubu emanzini, kube ahlanze ulwelwe nenhlanzi izimuncagazi "Black Labe", hhayi kuphela isikhumba kodwa futhi amazinyo ngisho izinsini.

Sinegalskaya itshe Curlew (inyoni) ukwaze ukusungula ubungane ingwenya! Yena owakha isidleke khona futhi izalela amaqanda eduze indawo ye amaqanda lwengwenya. Uma kwenzeka ingozi le nyoni nge ngokukhamuluka yakhe umema giant, futhi ngokushesha odlula eyovikela wokwakha netshe Curlew yayo izidleke.

Kukhona Symbiosis isitshalo, izibonelo zalokho - amakhowe nge izihlahla nezitshalo eziqhakazayo kusuka izinambuzane. Aspen, amakhowe birch eyatholakala kusukela izihlahla izakhi akunika exchange amaminerali namanzi. Inyoni yokudla imbali umpe, baphathe impova eningi ngoqhwaku lwawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela asize izitshalo zikwazi ukwanda.

izibonelo mutualism

Esikhathini esiswini we umuhlwa siphile lenyama flagellate ukuthi inhlabamkhosi cellulose zibe ushukela. Akukho enzyme somuhlwa ukuze lo msebenzi, futhi ngaphandle abalingani babo, zingase zibulawe indlala. A flagellates emathunjini bukhoma futhi bazalela izimo ezikahle bona.

izibonelo parasitism

Kodwa ngokwemvelo kukhona eziphilayo ezihlala ngezithukuthuku zabanye, ngamanye amazwi abakwazi. Ukondla nokukhulula ubuthi, kancane ushevu aphethe amagciwane. Abanye noma yiliphi ithuba elivelayo bahlale othile ngesikhathi, kanti abanye baphila ngakho njalo. Izimuncagazi kancane kancane zilulaza, baye abakwazi ukugaya ukudla ngokwakho, ukubona, ukuzwa, kodwa babengesibo izingwegwe futhi amaswidi. Kulezi izinhlobo anda ukukhiqizwa kabusha umsebenzi (kuza izigidi zabantu ngabanye), ihlobene ukufa okusezingeni eliphezulu yenzalo.

Izikelemu - isigaba esikhulu ezidala. Bahlanganyela siphile emathunjini abantu noma izilwane. Futhi, lezi zidalwa bayakwazi kuthinte isibindi, isinye, ubuchopho kanye nemisipha. Umsoco, amavithamini namaminerali ukudla, kuthiwa kugaywe izimpethu, umzimba womuntu "komphangayo" siyingcuba futhi njalo abaphethwe ubuthi.

Izimuncagazi bangaphila futhi ngaphandle, efana namazeze namakhizane. Babuye kubhekwe izinambuzane engazinzile, isb. E. Bamiswa umninikhaya iDemo kuyilapho zidla igazi ngesikhumba.

Amazing uhlobo khona - Symbiosis, izibonelo kungabonwa, ngemva kokubuka ngokucophelela ukuze izwe ngaphandle. Futhi ungaqala wedwa.