Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane - iqembu elikhulu izifo ukuthi kokubili morphologically futhi isifo esifana nomunye. Bona kubangele isifo ukuvuvukala umgudu wokuphefumula, njengoba amagciwane pneumotropic. Imvamisa ngalo lolu hlobo isifo yegciwane ehlasela uhlanga lwesintu incike isikhathi sonyaka, it is kakhulu anda esikhathini ekwindla-ubusika. Noma kunjalo, aluka njalo, ngisho isizini non-sendawo esikhathini labantu.

Lezi amagciwane zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: RNA-aqukethe (parainfluenza, umkhuhlane, zokuphefumula syncytial igciwane) ne-DNA-aqukethe (adenoviruses). Ngo umzimba womuntu ngokuthi labo nabanye iwe ngokusebenzisa sisemoyeni ukudluliswa endleleni. Phakathi kwabo bonke labo SARS kubaluleke kakhulu impilo yabantu ngo nethonya lazo umzimba ube ukutheleleka adenoviral, futhi umkhuhlane futhi parainfluenza.

Umkhuhlane - i-acute zokuphefumula igciwane lohlobo, okuyinto kubangelwa Umkhuhlane amagciwane. umuntu ogulayo kuphela iyathelelwana kwabanye. Ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezine ziyinkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Uphawu lokuqala basemtholampilo isifo kuqala kuyinto tracheitis, singahlangana ngemva ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula oyingozi. Igciwane Umkhuhlane has miphumela elandelayo emzimbeni:

- immunosuppressive umphumela,

- okusithiyayo of neutrophil umsebenzi (phagocytosis engasenamahloni), phagocytes monocytic (wehlise phagocytosis futhi chemotaxis) ka izivikeli mzimba ngokuvamile (ekuthuthukiseni yokungezwani komzimba avele izakhiwo anobuthi mzimba);

- umphumela cytopathic phezu epithelium we kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi (kwenzeka sokuwohloka, necrosis futhi desquamation);

- vazopaticheskoe imiphumela (plasma- futhi haemorrhages, stasis).

Umthelela immunosuppressive igciwane futhi vazopaticheskoe kuthinte ukubusa ukutheleleka yesibili. Lena wendawo (pneumonia, rhinitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula) kanye jikelele (dyscirculatory neziyaluyalu, ukuvuvukala, ukonakala kwazo parenchymal amaseli) izinguquko ezibangela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqaliswa igciwane ukuthuthukiswa inqubo acute ezithathelwanayo. Kungenzeka futhi ifomu esicashile (asymptomatic) futhi ezingalapheki lesi sifo, okuyinto has nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo, ikakhulukazi zokugula perinatal.

Uma ngabe uthuthukisa sibi umkhuhlane, kuthatha omuhle futhi uphela emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ukululama ephelele nokubuyiselwa lwamafinyila.

Uma umkhuhlane we kobukhulu ngokulinganisela, enqubeni sokugembula abathintekayo hhayi kuphela elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, kodwa bronchioles futhi ezincane, parenchyma bronchi kanye yamaphaphu. I bronchi kanye kuqhoqhoqho ukuvuvukala eba serous-oluhambisana, kwesinye isikhathi foci necrotic ku mucosa. Eksodusi umkhuhlane ngokulinganisela ezinzima ngokuvamile evumayo: yokutakula kwenzeka cishe inyanga. Kodwa uma kwenzeka abantu buthakathaka, izingane, asebekhulile, futhi abantu isifo senhliziyo, i-pneumonia zingaqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kungadala ukwehluleka cardio-yamaphaphu ngisho nokufa.

Ngo Umkhuhlane ezinzima, kunezindlela ezimbili ukuthuthukiswa yilezi:

- zomkhuhlane ekuseni ukugula,

- Umkhuhlane nge yezinkinga yamaphaphu.

Lapho lesi sifo ezinzima Umkhuhlane toxicosis kwenzeka ukudakwa ngokushesha jikelele. Endabeni fulminant Yebo kungenzeka Umkhuhlane edema yamaphaphu, nokopha elincane ubuchopho, izitho zangaphakathi, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye isikhumba. Ngokuvamile ezimweni ezinjalo, kuza ukufa. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngosuku lesine noma lesihlanu sifo ukopha tibe tikhungo ezibalulekile noma ngemuva kokwanda ukucindezeleka zokuphefumula.

Parainfluenza - ukugula zomkhuhlane acute esibangelwa igciwane parainfluenza. It libhekene izilonda elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, kanye ukudakwa encane. Ill ikakhulukazi izingane, kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho umzimba ethintekile kanye omdala. Lapho parainfluenza kuphakama edema laryngeal futhi laryngitis acute, okuyinto kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi asphyxia croup zamanga.

Adenovirus ukutheleleka - acute nezifo zokuphefumula viral kubangelwa adenoviruses. Zindlela ukudluliswa ayafana kwabakhulelweyo nobuntu ezinye izifo sibi zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithombo lesi sifo yilabo njengoba isiguli futhi isithwali igciwane. Ukutheleleka libhekene sisemoyeni ukudluliswa endleleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthinta elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, lymphoid, conjunctiva esweni. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: ukukhanya futhi ezisindayo. Ukuze sibi libhekene ukuthuthukiswa rinolaringotraheobronhita acute ngefomu catarrhal ka conjunctivitis acute, pharyngitis, futhi lymphadenitis lesifunda. Ngo ezifweni ezimbi libhekene ngokujoyina ukutheleleka yesibili, okuyinto kuphakama suppuration, necrosis nezinguquko morphological kwezitho.

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Kufanele udle ukudla okwengeziwe aqukethe amavithamini, ikakhulukazi vitamin C odingekayo ngosuku Ungakhohlwa anyanisi nesweli, ngoba amagciwane bamane "wesaba". Ngokuvamile zitholakala endaweni evulekile futhi pholisa igumbi, eqinisweni, ophoqelelwe air kwegazi kuzonciphisa isibalo amagciwane egumbini.

Qiniseka ukuchitha kanye ngesonto yokuhlanza jikelele. izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kukhona "wesaba" lapho silandela inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu lapho izandla ngensipho namanzi. Futhi ewusizo gargling njalo futhi uhlambulule noma ukuvuza ekhaleni nosawoti izixazululo. Ngakho thina banciphise lokuhlushwa igciwane nasopharynx.