Solutions: lokuhlushwa ingxenyenamba mass. Incazelo, ukubala kanye nezincomo

Ungqimba lokuhlushwa ikhambi ingenye imiqondo ezivamile kwamakhemikhali yesimanje. Kulesi sihloko thina kuzoveza izici izixazululo, izinhlobo zabo, isicelo. Phawula ezinye zezibonelo ekubalweni tinhlobo letehlukene lokuhlala.

Izici izixazululo

Isixazululo - uhlelo eyohlobo kokuba Ukwakheka onhlobonhlobo. Omunye njalo uba medium emibili izingxenye yesixazululo. Lokho kuyoba chaza izingcezwana isakhi nezinye izinto. Ibizwa ngokuthi kuphela, ngaphakathi okuyinto ahlelwe futhi engqamuzaneni solute.

Uma okuxubile izidakamizwa ezimbili gaseous ke uketshezi is aziqabukeli. Ukuze isimo ngasinye wanikeza njalo izibalo ekhethekile.

Ithola izinhlelo eyohlobo

Ukuze uthole izixazululo eyohlobo ka solutes kudingekile kwasani kumayunithi kwesakhiwo. Kuphela kulesi simo uhlelo kuyoba yiqiniso. Lapho amaconsi amancane ukuze splintering, okusanhlamvu lapho basakazwa konemimoya okulungiselelwe izixazululo colloidal, emulsions, ukumiswa.

isixazululo Isicelo

Phela, ekwakhiweni ingxube isihlabathi, usimende, amanzi, obizwa nangokuthi isixazululo, kodwa iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono kuba ukumiswa. Ukubaluleka esiwusizo izixazululo akunakubangelwa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.

Ukusabela Chemical okwenzeka izixazululo ketshezi volume of kuphela. Lokhu kwenza atholakalele ukusabela ngaphandle yisiphi isinyathelo eyengeziwe ohlelweni. Ingxube equkethe izinhlayiya okuqinile, ukuze afeze ukusabela ngokugcwele. Ukuze zihambisane inqubo, izinhlayiya udinge ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezithile. Ukuze kwandiswe yokusabela isilinganiso zinhlayiya abangu triturated esigqulweni, futhi ke basuke onomfutho. Kodwa akulona ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukufinyelela ukuphelela inqubo.

Isisombululo inqubo efanayo yenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Ama-molecule ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile ukushayisana yabo kugucuka kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka. Amandla okuqala wehluke okunjena aqoqana uhlelo kuphela is cishe hhayi ukufuthelana.

Izakhiwo kanye lokuhlushwa izixazululo

ingxenyenamba Mass izinto ivumela ukucacisa isilinganiso ambalwa of solute kanye kuphela bathathwa sokulungiselela yabo. Metal Alloys, ngendlela, futhi, kukhona izixazululo, kodwa eliqinile, libhekene imingcele ethile ebekiwe.

I izixazululo unekhono ukushintsha potency esemazweni siphela. Lokhu ebenza bathandwe kwezolimo kanye imithi. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhambi i-potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) isetshenziswa ukwelapha amanxeba kanye imihuzuko emakamu eliphezulu. Kodwa SIZUZISA okuhlushwa yayo ongaphakeme. Ngakho, ingxenyenamba mass lomcebo 2-3% isixazululo enikeza kancane pink, athi lavage esiswini.

Dark violet zinhlayiya potassium permanganate azisetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokwelapha, ngoba eqinile oxidizing izakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, ukushuba umbala kuhlobene yini lokuhlushwa yakhe. ingxenyenamba IMisa lomcebo ungalungisa ubuthi yesixazululo esiphelele.

ingxenyenamba mass

Wenzenjani ukubala lokuhlushwa ezinjalo? ingxenyenamba IMisa efana libhekene isilinganiso nenqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze isisindo isixazululo kuthathwe njengendlela amaphesenti. izakhiwo zabo organoleptic asithinti nje kuphela lokho eziyoncibilika, kodwa amaphuzu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ebuthaka nosawoti isixazululo neze isici ukunambitheka, kuyilapho at lokuhlala eliphezulu ukuthi kuziveza ngezindlela ezingafani.

Ngo umkhuba ke kunqunywa okuhlushwa? ingxenyenamba Mass ketshezi isixazululo ukuphathwa Yiqiniso esikoleni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili. Imisebenzi ngaso incazelo yalo kufakwe izinto test iziqu 9 ekilasini.

Lapha ireferensi isibonelo lapho emakamu esetshenziswa.

Sodium chloride-25%. Isisindo 250 grams solution. Uthole isisindo amanzi ezikuyo. Ukuze afeze izibalo kumelwe aqale ngokuzama ukuthola ukuthi mass we ketshezi. Kususelwa olinganise sithola ukuthi into isixazululo of 62,5 amagremu. Ukuze sithole mass yamanzi kumelwe sisuswe 250 amagremu isisindo impahla, umphumela uba 187,5 g

izinhlobo lokuhlala

Kuyini okuhlushwa? Isisindo ingxenyenamba esingaphansi ngamaphesenti ayikhulu zingase ikhambi. Ngo-chemistry, igama elithi "lokuhlushwa" lisikisela okuqukethwe athile solute. Kunezinhlobo eziningana kwalo: lawo izinyo lomhlathi, emakamu mass.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiselela isixazululo of 80 amagremu yamanzi futhi 20 amagremu sodium chloride futhi ukucacisa amafraktjhini isisindo ketshezi isixazululo kumele kuqala uthole isisindo ikhambi. Kuzoba eziyikhulu amagremu. Amaphesenti izidakamizwa okuqukethwe ezingamaphesenti angu-20 eyatholakala.

Siye ihlaziye uyini ingxenyenamba mass. I izinyo lomhlathi lokuhlushwa isilinganiso efana eqala ivolumu yesixazululo athathwe. Ukulungiselela isixazululo nge elinikeziwe lokuhlushwa izinyo lomhlathi, kuqala ukunquma mass lomcebo. Khona-ke ngabe kulinganiswe nokulinganiswa futhi lemali oyifunayo sihlakazwa ilitha kuphela.

Ukubalwa emakamu izinyo lomhlathi

Ngakho, ukulungiswa 2 amalitha isixazululo nge lokuhlushwa 0.15 Mol / l kasawoti kuyinto mass lokuqala ebalisisiwe okuyinto eziqukethwe isixazululo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa 0.15 amavukuzi ilitha 2 ngayinye, sithola 0,075 Mol. Manje thina ukubala mass: nande ngu 0,075 Mol, 58,5 g / Mol. Umphumela - 4,39 g

Izimpokophelo Analytical Chemistry

Njengoba kusetshenziswe chemical ukuhlaziya inkinga kubhekwe. Ngosizo lwawo ukukhomba indlela yokwakheka ingxube, ukuqhuba ukuhlola ukuthi kungakanani abakwaziyo, amatshe ihlaziye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sithole Ukwakheka qualitative ambalwa yesixazululo.

Phakathi imisebenzi avame kakhulu eziye zatholwa kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili, abashe lokuhlala ezahlukene izidakamizwa value unikezwa we nezinye izinto. Esebenzisa ucwaningo kungaba kwenziwe nge kwalokho kancane kancane isixazululo waziwa lapho emakamu izinyo lomhlathi yesixazululo oyifunayo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi Titration.

Solubility futhi kumakhemikhali awuketshezi

I kuphela obujwayelekile amanzi. It ngokuphelele encibilikayo lezisekelo, acid, nosawoti, compounds ezithile eziphilayo. Lokho izixazululo aqueous kuyizinto ezivamile ngokwemvelo izinhlelo. Amanzi uba kuphela begazi. Kuthathwa isisekelo sokuthethelelwa nesenzakalo eziwuketshezi eziningi: igazi, cytosolic, uketshezi intercellular. izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo ukuphila kuyo i osebenzelana aqueous.

impahla solubility ngokuthi imfuyo ziyoncibilika uketshezi ekhethiwe. Lena into eyinkimbinkimbi kudinga ikhumbula umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama athile kanye izici of isakhiwo uketshezi.

Njengoba izinga izinto eziningi eziphilayo ingashiwo alcohols. Bahlanganisa e ubulungu gidrokislnye yayo iqembu ke abe solubility okusezingeni eliphezulu.

isiphetho

Noma yiluphi uketshezi angabhekwa kuphela. Yingakho ngokuvamile kuholela solubility mutual uketshezi ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi izinto eziphilayo kungenziwa okukhulunywa amanzi solubility esters.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene lokuhlala esetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili futhi organic, bezosiza ukuqhuba ukuzimisela qualitative ambalwa of izinto. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela izixazululo ezifunwayo utho lomklamo, ekhemisi kanye imithi namuhla.