I wokulwela ukuphila ka Darwin

Ngokusho imfundiso kaDarwin, umzabalazo khona - ubuhlobo ezahlukene phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo futhi yizici zemvelo nomunye. Ngamanye amazwi, akusiwona nje impi ngqo phakathi yesilwane esiphila ngenyama inyamazane, ephelezelwa nokuchitheka kwegazi kanye nokufa.

Darwin ezikhonjwe amafomu ezintathu umzabalazo khona.

standoff intraspecific ine acute kakhulu. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi bonke abantu abadinga okufanayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kakhulu kwemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ukudla, indawo yokuhlala, lokuphila isikhala endaweni yokuzalanisa. Uhlobo ngalunye sizalwa nawo amadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingasiza ukunciphisa amathuba ukushayisana ngabanye (kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi lobudlelwane phezulu emhlambini noma umhlambi, wokugubha ngokucacile imingcele indawo yayo, njalo njalo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadivayisi njenge ziwusizo ezinhlobo iyonke, ngokuvamile balimaze abantu abathize, okubangela ukufa kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, unogwaja at ukuntula ushayela ukufunza esincintisana isabelo esihle elwa ukuthungatha insikazi. Umzabalazo intraspecific ukhona kubaluleke kakhulu e inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukungqubuzana wabulala abameleli okungenani kwaguqulwa. Lokhu kunomthelela ukuchuma kwezinhlobo sisonke inquma ngcono yayo.

Ukulwela ukukhipha khona nokuthi interspecific. It libhekene inkambo acute lapho zilwane basonta uhlobo lwe efanayo futhi, ngokufanelekile, zidinga izimo ezifanayo. Isibonelo ingase ibe mpunga rat, okuyinto olukhudlwana nabanolaka ezingaphezu kuka black. Ukungqubuzana kuqala lwaludlula ngokuphelele yesibili wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu. Kulokhu black rat, isibonelo, unezinye amakhono. Kungcono kuka grey, esisebenza kuyo izindophi ku nemikhumbi evela ogwini futhi emuva.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-America babefake amagundane black Magellan futhi uColumbus UVasco da Gama waziletha Afrika. Indawo yalolu hlobo eziqhingini zasePacific eMpumalanga Ekude ezaba nomthelela amatilosi. Ngakho, wokulwela ukuphila kuye kwaholela yokuthi empunga rat uhlala insimu ka Interiors ezwekazini, futhi omnyama - ezindaweni ehlathini, isiqhingi endaweni kanye ewumngcingo port izindawo.

Lolu hlobo ukushayisana kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kohlobo olulodwa lwamasosha omunye unilaterally. Lobu budlelwano bakhelwe ngokuvumelana "engenazo izilwane ezidla ezinye inyamazane", "uhlaza-isitshalo", "umninikhaya-amagciwane". Lezi ubudlelwane nomthelela ngekudvonsisana intraspecific. Ngakho, isib, umhlaseli impungushe kwandisa kokuncintisana emkhakheni zinhlobo onogwaja (izisulu). Le mpi win, kuphela labo bantu ababephikisa bayakwazi ukugijima fast, kahle ukudida umzila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusinda abazingeli phakathi izimpungushe.

Ukulwela ukukhipha khona kungase besekela zinhlobo ngomunye, ngaphandle kokuyekethisa yena. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zisakaze imbewu kanye nezithelo. Ngoba kunesithembiso ukulungiswa mutual zilwane ngazinye komunye nomunye (isib impova nezimbali). Ngenxa ukulwa ikhuthaza kwemvelo ezimbili zama, kudala okuvela ezincwadini mutual.

Ukuqinisa ukulwa phakathi zilwane nomthelela obonakalayo futhi baya ezindaweni nobutha imvelo wezinto ezingaphili. It kwenzeka ikakhulukazi yokuthi abantu ohlotsheni oluthile lwento ephilayo ezidla ukushisa, ukukhanya, ukudla, kanye nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, emathafeni ase kukhona ifomu izihlahla yemifino, kodwa musa ukuncintisana namanye izitshalo. Abawinile kukhona abantu iphila kunazo, labo umzimba ephumelelayo kunazo kwenzeka, nezinye izinqubo bokuphila. Uma kukhona ukudluliselwa izici begazi ngofuzo, kuholela ngcono nezimo.