The main namaminerali idwala-ukwakha

namaminerali Rock-ukwakha abizwa ngokuthi amaminerali, okuyizinto ingxenye amatshe njengoba yizici ebalulekile njalo. Ahluke nezici zabo ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Ngaphezu amaminerali idwala-obumba, kukhona okuncane. Bona kwenzeke njengoba ukungcola kanye musa ukudlala indima enkulu kangaka umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

plagioclases

Plagioclase - ezivamile namaminerali idwala-ukwakha. Ziyakwazi nenye anorthite futhi albite. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi plagioclase. Nge ukwanda Ingxenye anorthite amaminerali ngcono main.

Plagioclases ukuntengantenga kuhluke maqondana weathering zamakhemikhali, ngenxa okuyinto ziba ubumba compounds. Njengoba lesi sici afane le feldspars. Zingase ingasetshenziswa njengendlela ambozwe futhi impahla zokuhlobisa. Cishe zonke rock-ukwakha amaminerali plagioclase iqembu ihlangabezana esise-Ural, Ukraine.

nepheline

Iqembu kohlaka aluminosilicate zihlanganisa nepheline. Yena mpilo Silica. Okunjalo namaminerali idwala-ukwakha bayingxenye emadwaleni igneous, kuhlanganise nephelinites futhi nepheline syenite. olungathunaza Kalula ebusweni futhi siguqulelwa kaolinite kanye ukubunjwa yesibili Ukwakheka sulphate noma carbonate.

Bekanye apatite nepheline amatshe ungakheka afanayo enkulu kubaluleke kakhulu umkhakha yesimanje. Zisetshenziswa womshini ingilazi, usimende, alumina, Silica, soda, ultramarine m. P. Lezi eziyisisekelo namaminerali idwala-ukwakha zenzeka eNhlonhlweni Kola e Murmansk esifundeni.

Amphibole futhi pyroxene

Amphiboles, noma tape silicates zihlanganisa hornblende, okuyinto ebalulekile ingxenye idwala-ukwakha kwamadwala igneous futhi metamorphic. Izici zayo ezivelele - amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ubunzima okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile, hornblende kwenzeka esifundeni esise-Ural.

Augite - idwala-ukwakha amaminerali pyroxene. He is iyisici esibalulekile amatshe magmatic. Lokunameka augite zingase zihluke kakhulu (kusuka omnyama oluhlaza). Lokhu amaminerali idwala-ukudalwa iqembu pyroxene liyingxenye basalt, andesite, diabase, namanye amatshe.

mica

Ezinye silicates kukhona egqinsiwe, zibe maholoholo noma isakhiwo foliated. Okuvame kakhulu namaminerali abanjalo bangabaphostoli asbestos, talc, kaolinite, hydromica futhi mica (kuhlanganise muscovite futhi biotite).

Yiziphi ezinye zezici zazo? mica Muscovite kuyinto emhlophe, okwenzeka kwamadwala metamorphic futhi igneous. I weathering kuba okuxekethile. Muscovite isetshenziswa njengoba nangokuvikela impahla. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ekwakheni, lapho powder mica lenzelwa ngokusebenzisa impahla lisakazeka. Muscovite akhiqizwa Eastern eSiberia, esise-Ural, Ukraine.

Okufanayo idwala-ukwakha namaminerali - biotite. Lokhu mica magnesian futhi ferruginous, brown noma black. Kuyinto isici amatshe metamorphic futhi igneous. Biotite yakha luyimbudumbudu futhi zibe maholoholo ekuqongeleleni. It kubhekwa amaminerali amakhemikhali uhlamvu engazinzile. Biotite kwenzeka Trans-iBaikal esifundeni kanye Urals.

hydromicas

abanye ngisho rock-ukwakha namaminerali yamadwala - kuyinto hydromica. sici wabo - esincane cations. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sihluke hydromica mica okuqukethwe kakhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu yamanzi isakhiwo, njengoba kubonakala igama labo. Isiza kumiswa izinqubo ezingaphansi kolwandle namadwala badlula.

I eyigugu kakhulu hydromica - vermiculite onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe brown yegolide. Lapho ukufuthelana, amafomu yamangqamuzana lokhu lamanzi esiphethu umusi, ukwandisa ungqimba e ngamahele crystal, okwandisa umthamo yayo kanye kwabantu. Vermiculite ibalulekile ngenxa nezimfanelo zayo nomsindo-eheha ingqondo nangokuvikela.

phyllosilicates

Minerals, asbestos, talc, montmorillonite futhi kaolinite iqembu phyllosilicates. Kuyini sici zabo? kumiswa talc kwenzeka ngenxa ukusebenzisana izixazululo ashisayo aluminosilicates kanye magnesium silicates. Isetshenziselwa in ifomu powder enkulu ekwakhekeni Plastics.

Njengamanye namanye amaminerali idwala-obumba, asbestos is njengoba ngaphezulu zinhlobo zayo ezaziwayo. He is umqhubi abampofu ugesi nokushisa, ezahlukene alikhali-ubufakazi futhi umlilo ukumelana. Inani enkulu ine asbestos chrysotile. Kumiswa It is emadwaleni carbonate Olivine. Ngesimo fibre eside asbestos isetshenziswa womshini izingxenye yezimoto futhi abanye izindwangu engangenwa umlilo.

Okuvame kakhulu amaminerali kaolinite ubumba rocks kubhekwa. Lakhiwa le weathering ka mica futhi feldspar, futhi lubonakala ngokuqina ukuzinza okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu amaminerali libhekene nombala omhlophe, lemicu empunga elinamathela othini noma sinombala. Kaolin Clays asetshenziswe zobumba umkhakha, lapho lokhu impahla eluhlaza lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa ngobumba stoneware iphosilini. Ngenxa izakhiwo yezimbiwa yayo obumba, lezi zinto zinezikhathi plasticity.

Montmorillonite kuyinto engavamile ngezindlela eziningi. Ukwakheka kwalo kumakhemikhali engazinzile futhi kuncike izakhiwo emkhathini, kuhlanganise kusuka kokuqukethwe yayo amanzi. Lezi namaminerali ezinkulu idwala-ukwakha ifa mobile crystal ngehele, ngenxa okuyinto kakhulu zigcwala phezu contact umswakama.

kwakhiwa Montmorillonite is ngaphansi kwezimo ane-alikhali ngenxa yokubola futhi tuff umlotha wentaba-mlilo emanzini. Wabuye livela ezindaweni badlula igneous edwaleni olumelana chemical weathering. Lokhu amaminerali kubikwa rocks argillaceous adsorbability ezengeziwe nokuvuvukala. Montmorillonite isetshenziswa njengenhlangano emulsifier, yamathebhu, futhi brightener. Amasimu zayo zitholakala eCrimea, ama-Carpathians kanye eCaucasus.

asebenza ngebhethri

Mineral oxides - ayizakhi of izinsimbi kanye nomoya-mpilo. Omele ezivame kakhulu leli qembu asebenza ngebhethri. Leli amaminerali is ngezinqubo igneous ezenzeka kule ingaphakathi ezijulile umhlaba. Senzeka ukuhlukahluka ezintathu: njengendlela cristobalite, tridymite kanye-asebenza ngebhethri. Owokugcina lezi ukulungiswa wafunda bangcono kunabanye.

Silica likhona namaminerali idwala-ukwakha yamadwala igneous (futhi sedimentary futhi metamorphic). Kuyinto ukumelana amakhemikhali. Quartz aqoqana, ukwakha oqinile inhlabathi, Sands futhi sandstones. I amaminerali isetshenziswa izitsha zobumba futhi ingilazi izimboni. Njengoba itshe yemvelo (sandstone futhi quartzite), kuthandwa ukwakhiwa nezinto zokwakha ebheke. Futhi, isetshenziswa womshini glassware, amadivayisi we-optical nokunye. D.

carbonates

Elinye iqembu namaminerali rock-ukwakha - carbonates. Basuke kabanzi usawoti carbonic acid. Carbonates kukhona isici emadwaleni metamorphic futhi sedimentary. Izinhlobo ezivamile wabo - Magnesite, i-calcium kanye sodium. Bonke babe nezici zabo ngabanye.

Calcite libhekene solubility abampofu emanzini. Ngaphansi kwethonya carbon dioxide ke ungaya Bicarbonate. Lo mkhiqizo ziyoncibilika kayikhulu ngokushesha emanzini kuka calcite evamile. Lokhu amaminerali itholakala lokubolekwa crystalline, speleothems kanye imali obukhulu zemabula namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Calcite ungakheka ngenxa yokuzuza kodaka. Esinye isizathu sokuba ukubonakala kwawo - sebethule-calcium carbonate emanzini. Imali zitholakala esifundeni esise-Ural, Ukraine futhi Kaleria.

Magnesite iyafana calcite ngesimo, isakhiwo, kodwa ubunjalo lingandile kangako. Isizathu sokuba lasungulwa izici. kwakhiwa Magnesite is yi weathering ka serpentinite kanye nokuxhumana magnesian limestone kanye nezixazululo.

Sodium - mineral kumhlophe noma kungenambala ezenzeka ngesimo uquqaba aminyene futhi luyimbudumbudu. Lapho ukufuthelana, ancibilikisa izinhlayiyana. Isixazululo sodium hydroxide akhiqizwa usawoti amachibi esimweni lapho ngokweqile ziyoncibilika carbon dioxide. Lokhu amaminerali isetshenziswa yokusansimbi lokutimele ekukhiciteni ingilazi.

Itshe Eliyigugu

Itshe Eliyigugu - okwandile amorphous Silica amanzi amaningi. Akenzi zilulaza e acid, kodwa oncibilikayo alkalis. Kunezindlela izimo ezimbalwa imfundo yakhe. Lokhu kubonakala ngenxa yezimbiwa sebethule iziphethu nezisombululo ashisayo kanye badlula igneous amatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa it is ngenxa ekuqongeleleni imikhiqizo umzimba eziphilayo olwandle. Opals kukhona impahla nezidumile Jewelers.

Sulfate kanye sulfides

Minerals sulfate kukhona sulfuric acid nosawoti, kwakheka kwi komhlaba. Iningi compounds kuleli qembu aluqinile ngokwanele e uqweqwe kule planethi. Sulfate ezifana Gypsum futhi barite mirabilite isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Anhydrite kuyinto mass okuqinile luyimbudumbudu. Lokhu amaminerali crystalline nge isici olumhlophe-blue.

Ukuxhumana amanzi ke kwandisa umthamo anhydrite futhi Gypsum iba ubhala ekuqongeleleni umxhwele imishini yokusaha izingodo. Lokhu sulfate kuyinto ejwayelekile chemical kwenze kwakhiwa phezu omiswe kwezilwandle. Gypsum futhi anhydrite ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo binders.

Spar Heavy noma barite kuyinto zinhlayiya tabular benesimo ethize. Akazange miss-X-ray, ngenxa yalokho asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ngokhonkolo ekhethekile. kwakhiwa Barite is ngenxa ukulahlekelwa amanzi kusukela izixazululo ashisayo.

Sulfides - a kwakwakhe sulphur nezinye izakhi. Ukuze lesi sigaba fanele cinnabar. Lokhu amaminerali lihlotshaniswa izintaba-mlilo ezincane. Emvelweni, cinnabar itholakala ifomu emithanjeni kanye kumiswa imali. It oluhlala ngenxa anesihlabathi ukuzinza siqu emhlabathini. Cinnabar mercury isetshenziswa zamagama kanye womshini upende.