Isakhiwo ukwazi

ukwazi sakhiwo kubenzima - ngenxa yokuthi lo mkhuba ukwazi libhekene emagama. Leli qiniso labonakala okokuqala kwaphawula Freud sasho. Umcabangi owethulwa kuqala igama elithi "preconscious" Inzuzo - ukusungula yokukhulumisana mutual phakathi izinqubo equlekile kubangelwa umsebenzi engqondo, nokuphila komuntu. Kodwa-ke, Freud bashiya lo mqondo. Encwadini yakhe ethi kamuva, wasikisela entsha isakhiwo psyche: engakunakile - bayazi - superconscious.

Isinqe salo (Freud) bakha izinqubo equlekile emelela ezithile engqondweni amandla pulses, futhi izifiso ezithile abantu bafise. Isakhiwo ukwazi akubandakanyi zonke lezi zici. Nazo ngokufanayo, kufanele inhloso, ukuthi ulwela ukuba ngokushesha wanelisekile. izinqubo equlekile, ngokuba ngaphandle ukwazi, abanalo ukuxhumana nezwe ngaphandle. izinqubo ezinjalo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa nakho okuphathelene nemizwa amaza okungazelelwe ulwazi ukuthi displaces ukuziqhelelanisa isakhiwo ukwazi. Freud ayekholelwa ukuthi zonke lezi zenzakalo zincike ukubonakaliswa kwamandla ngemilingo ngesifiso sobulili - libido. Ngakho, isazi sefilosofi wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi aquleke siyimbangela ezingokomoya ebugqilini abantu.

umsebenzi kwengqondo, njengoba Freud wacabanga, lihlanganisa "Mina" - ingxenye ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukulawula control. Isakhiwo ukwazi ivumela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene ukuziphatha, ukubikezela imiphumela, ikhombisa nezwe elingaphandle.

Ngandlela-thile, "nga-" iyona umlamuleli phakathi "It" (engakunakile) nezwe ngaphandle, phakathi izinkanuko nokuthambekela ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokwaneliseka zabo Ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngesikhathi indlela efanayo ekuzigcwaliseni izenzo Ungafisi indoda kanye nesibopho zakhe zokuziphatha.

Uphiko wesithathu psyche Freud superconscious ( "superego"). Lezi imikhiqizo zenzelwe isiko ukwazi. Lezi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izimiso zomphakathi, isiko, uhlelo oluthile enqabelo neziqondiso. Zonke umuntu efunda, nabo bonke ukuthi kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho efeza imisebenzi yokuzithandela yayo. Ngokusho Freud, "super-ukuzazisa" in ukwazi kubonakala ngesimo unembeza. Okungukuthi, le ngxenye kubangela umuntu umuzwa wecala, amahloni, nokunye. D.

Ngenxa yalokho, Freud wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi ingcindezi ngokweqile "superego" (maqondana ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi womphakathi) Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-ubuntu onesici, ke deforms, okuholela umuntu emhlabeni luyakhohlisa. Ukucindezela kwendikimba "super-ukuzazisa" on the ingxenye, ngokwezinga elithile sokucasuka okwandisa amandla equlekile. Kulokhu, nakuba engakunakile iqala ukuya ngale ithonya bayazi phezu kwayo "Mina". Kule ndaba, Freud babekholelwa, kufanele sifune ukuma elilungile, okuzokwenza hlanganisa "It" futhi "superego."

Uyini isakhiwo ukwazi ezihlongozwayo ngamanye abalobi?

abacwaningi eziningana ziye zakhomba izici ezine.

Eyokuqala ihlobene umsebenzi womuntu, ngesisekelo okuyinto kukhona ulwazi ngqangi mayelana nezwe. usebenzisa Ngakho ezifana izinhlobo cognition, njengento emelela, bezibona, isasasa.

Isici sesibili ihlobene ukucabanga okunengqondo. The main liwukuqeqesha zikuqonde we okushiwo ngokoqobo impahla. Ngenxa yale njongo, okucatshangwayo, imiqondo, nezahlulelo.

Isici sesithathu kubhekwa kwenkululeko subjective-ezingokwengqondo, emphilweni. Uphiko ngokomzwelo kuleli cala akanayo izixhumanisi eziqondile nezwe elingaphandle.

Isici wesine ubhekwa isici value-ugqozi. Libhekisela izisusa eliphakeme, izimiso ezingokomoya ekhuluma ngokubusiswa komuntu, ikhono lakhe ngobuhlakani ahumushe ngokoqobo ngesimo umuzwa, emcabangweni, ukucabanga.

uhlelo Epistemological ukwazi kudinga ukuthi imibono izihloko ulwazi, njengoba kubonakala kula degree ezinye izinhlangothi ezahlukene umsebenzi womuntu, kuhlanganise neziphathimandla ahlobene. Kulokhu, sicabanga ezihlukahlukene ezindabeni. Isakhiwo ukwazi zezombusazwe kuhlanganisa izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo Psychology kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ngayine inezidingo zayo nencazelo yalo ekhethekile.