Anhydride acetic: izakhiwo, ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa

Anhydrides of acid carboxylic - kukhona imikhiqizo amanzi emzimbeni yezinhlayiya. Lezi izimpawu isomerism biosoedineny ezizivelelayo. Lapho efaka i carboxylic acid anhydrides ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngesilwane esifuywayo zomlando (isib anhydride, acetic acid, anhydride maleic, njll). Phakathi kwalokho of acid carboxylic dehydrating ejenti (ngokuvamisile phosphorus oxide) kwenzeka amanzi emzimbeni yabo, okuphumela ekwakhiweni of carboxylic acid anhydrides.

anhydride acetic: Ulungiselela

Egcekeni isihloko etholwe kungenziwa wageza izindlela eziningana. Ukuze zamagama alo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu phosphorus oxide, okuyinto dehydrating ejenti enamandla kakhulu. Kukhona futhi ezinye izindlela i-synthesis anhydride. Ngokwesibonelo, anhydride acetic ingatholakala ngaphansi isenzo kwe-phosphate njengoba acetate acid anhydride. Inqubo ukupholisa sengezwe dropwise SN3SOS1 eyodwa kuyizinhlayiyana kuyizinhlayiyana dewatered ngayinye yomiswa kahle acid-sodium acetate. Ingxube wafakwa ukufuthelana ngokulinganisela futhi kuhlelwe umqondo anhydride acetic isuswe okugeza isihlabathi bese kuhlanzwe ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Ngenxa yalokho wokusebenza ekhiqizwa ukunuka kakhulu ketshezi acetate acid.

anhydride acetic, futhi izinto ephansi yamangqamuzana - ketshezi nge iphunga ebukhali, cishe zingaxazululeki emanzini, kalula encibilikayo eziningi izinto eziphilayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi anhydrides ka ephakeme acid carboxylic (ikakhulukazi nokukhawulela) - ukudla okuqinile ayinaphunga. lokushisa yabo abilayo siphezulu kunamanye elihambisana acid carboxylic.

anhydride acetic: Chemical Properties

Le ngxube livamise ukusetjenziselwa amalungu amaningi amakilasi ezahlukene izinto eziningi eziphilayo by izindlela zamagama organic. Ngo ukusabela anhydrides ngamanzi ukunikeza ezimbili-molecule ye-acid elihambisana.

Amonoliz anhydrides kuholela ekwakhekeni amides futhi ammonium nosawoti of esihambelanayo acid carboxylic. Ukusabela esetshenziselwa ukuthola alkoliza nge anhydrides esters.

anhydride Acetal isetshenziswa njengoba dehydrating futhi acetylating ejenti enqubeni ukukhiqizwa atsetiltselyulozy, vinyl acetate, nemithi, dimethylacetamide, colorants, izinto elimnandi, njll aldehyde acetate kuyacasula kuya ipheshana zokuphefumula, amehlo, futhi kubangele zesikhumba ukusha.

I-cellulose acetate etholwe ngenxa isinyathelo anhydride cellulose acetate ebukhoneni kulethe (sulphate acid). acetylation Akuphelele okulungiselelwe diacetates mono- kanye cellulose. Thini kanye cellulose triacetate lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa kasilika acetate. Ngenxa yale njongo basuke ziyoncibilika nenye acetone kanye ethanol (85:15) noma acetone okumsulwa. isixazululo viscous etholwe okuyinto extruded kuzihlungi ekhethekile. izicezu yesixazululo zome futhi jikisa lokuluhlaza, ezisetshenziswa ukwenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ntambo ye nezindwangu zokwenziwa.

I izicelo ezimbonini asetshenziswa nezinye anhydrides. anhydride Maleic - izidakamizwa crystalline, kahle oncibilikayo emanzini futhi acetone, liyancibilika at 52,85 ° C. Ngokuvamile, le nto okulungiselelwe kusukela maleic acid. Lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa zinambuzane, i-polyester futhi inhlaka alkyd. anhydride Phthalic ikhiqizwa ngenxa namachibi of naphthalene. Lesi sakamuva isetshenziselwa synthesis ukukhula abagqugquzeli, zinambuzane, kanye imithi ethile. anhydride Phthalic - crystalline esiqinile ngezinto ezingashi iphuzu ukuncibilika 128 ° C. Wathi anhydride isetshenziswa ukuthola Phenolphthalein (inkomba kanye nomuthi). Lokhu anhydride osetshenziselwa nemithi yokuxosha womshini (dimethyl phthalate).