Kungani sidinga ukwazi pH yamanzi?

Njengoba sonke ukukhumbula esikoleni i-chemistry Yiqiniso, pH - iyunithi umsebenzi hydrogen ion ilingana logarithm ephambene umsebenzi hydrogen ion. Ngakho, amanzi kokuba pH elilingana 7 futhi has 10 ^-7 amavukuzi ilitha hydrogen ion ngalinye, futhi amanzi pH 6 - 10 ^-6 amavukuzi ilitha. PH amagugu isikali ingahluka ku uhla kusuka 0 kuya 14.

Ngokuvamile, amanzi nge pH ngaphansi kuka 7 ubhekwa esidi, ne-pH mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 7 - ane-alikhali. Ububanzi ejwayelekile pH ngoba amanzi izinhlelo ebusweni itholakala basukela 6.5 8.5, futhi izinhlelo komhlaba - kusuka 6 8.5.

Inani Water pH (H ₂ 0) uyalingana 7 at 25 ° C, kodwa nabo carbon dioxide emkhathini, lokhu yakhoibrium usekhuluma pH - mayelana 5.2. Kunconywa ngenxa sisondelene yamagesi asemkhathini, pH, futhi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele ihlolwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva pH yamanzi akuyona nesilinganiso esithile sokuzola wokusabela esidi noma ane-alikhali futhi lingalunikezi ophelele izici noma isizathu nokukhawulela amanzi.

amanzi ezithambile

Ngokuvamile, amanzi nge pH ongaphakeme (esingaphansi 6.5) kuyinto esidi, insimbi kanye soft. Ngakho, amanzi kungenzeka zingene ion metal ezifana yensimbi, manganese, ithusi, phambili ne-zinc kusukela yamanzi, amapayipi kanye piping. Ngakho-ke, amanzi nge pH ongaphakeme may:

• anamazinga aphakeme of izinsimbi ezinobuthi;
• kuholele umonakalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze metal amapayipi;
• babe metallic noma ukunambitheka omuncu;
• nelineni painted;
• babe isici "oluluhlaza" igobolondo staining futhi endle.

Indlela eyinhloko ukuxazulula inkinga yamanzi ongaphakeme pH kuyinto ukusetshenziswa neutralizer. It wayihambisa isixazululo emanzini ukuvimbela ukuphendula amanzi noma amanzi ukunikezela ezifuywayo ukugqwala electrolytic. A Converter ejwayelekile - chemical soda umlotha. Neutralization lezi izindlela kwandisa okuqukethwe sodium emanzini.

amanzi kanzima

Amanzi ne pH ngenhla 8.5 esiqinile. Akukona ukumela ngokuthi ingozi yempilo, kodwa kungabangela izinkinga yobuhle. Lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa:

• Kumiswa "esikalini" noma ezisalayo ku amapayipi kanye zalapho.
• ukunambitheka ane-alikhali emanzini, okuyinto engenza ikhofi ukunambitheka ababayo.
• Scale kumiswa ku izitsha, umshini wokuwasha, amachibi okubhukuda.
• Ubunzima ekutholeni Foam we insipho yokuwasha kanye kumiswa ezifakwa zingaxazululeki izingubo nokunye. D.
• Ukwehla nekusebenta kagesi heater amanzi.

Njengomthetho, lezi zinkinga zenzeka lapho nobulukhuni zokhahlamba kusuka 100 kuya 200 mg Caco ₃ / ilitha, okulingana 12 amagremu engamalitha ngalinye. Amanzi kungenzeka sashintsha ngokusebenzisa ion exchange noma ukwengeza umlotha, soda-lime ingxube, kodwa izinqubo ezimbili ukwandisa okuqukethwe sodium emanzini.

amanzi okuphuza-PH

qikelela ukuthi ukulawula pH liyadingeka kuzo zonke izigaba ukwelashwa amanzi ukuqinisekisa izinga elamukelekayo namanzi magciwane. Nakuba pH amanzi ngokuvamile akunamthelela ngokuqondile abathengi, ke ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu tekusebenta izinga amanzi nemingcele. Ukuze magciwane ngempumelelo chlorine pH inkomba kufanele okungenani kube ngaphansi kuka-8.-PH amanzi itheku uhlelo ukusatshalaliswa Kumele alawulwe ukunciphisa ukugqwala we amapayipi. Ukuhluleka ukwenza njalo kungaholela ukungcoliswa amanzi okuphuza kanye nemiphumela yayo emibi ukunambitheka, iphunga ukubukeka.

PH elikhulu kuzohluka wempahla ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi indlela yokwakheka amanzi kanye nesimo zokwakha esetshenziswa ohlelweni ukusatshalaliswa, kodwa iningi itholakala ezahlukene 6.5-9.5. Extreme pH amagugu kungaholela kusuka ekuchitheni ngephutha, iloli ngesikhathi izitshalo ukwelashwa.

Izinga ekahle ionized amanzi pH ukudliwa eside abantu esiphakathi 8.5 futhi 9.5 (futhi ungalokothi ezingaphezu kuka 10.0) kanye ekahle ORP ukubaluleka mayelana 200mV-300mV (futhi noma kunjalo akazidluli 400mV).

-PH yamanzi pool

Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, pH - amanzi ezinkulu isici ukuphuza hhayi kuphela kodwa nezalo amachibi, njengoba i-magciwane amanzi namanje ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa chlorination, usebenzisa chlorine ne magciwane kahle kakhulu kuncike amanani kokuqala pH yamanzi.

Chlorine main magciwane ejenti ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa izifo emadamini yomphakathi, kodwa chlorine futhi ihlangana izinto eziphilayo emanzini kanye namafomu by-imikhiqizo ye-magciwane (PDP): udaba eziphilayo - a esuselwe izinto humic ezakhiwe nokuxhumana yamanzi te, umchamo, izinwele, ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana esikhumba somuntu futhi izinsalela imikhiqizo ukunakekelwa siqu lokho kuwa kwenziwa emanzini ngu ababhukudayo. Okuqukethwe PDI lingalinganiswa njengoba isamba sazo zonke compounds halogenated. Ezinye PPD kwandisa ingozi yokuba isifuba somoya, kukhona umdlavuza noma kuyacasula ukuba amehlo futhi isikhumba.

Chlorine yigama jikelele we chlorous acid, esiyingxenye igesi chlorine ihlangana emanzini. Ziyoncibilika emanzini, amafomu asidi hypochlorite futhi inenani pKa 7.5.

Chlorous acid nemiphumela engcono kunokuthi hypochlorite, ukubulala amagciwane, izinhlumba, ezinhlamvu kanye igciwane esingasebenzi. Ngakho, uma inani pH-swimming pool itholakala ezingeni phansi uhla adjustable, amanani sakugcina chlorine ayadingeka ngezinga elifanayo magciwane, futhi ngenxa yalokho Kumiswa emanzini kancane engase PDP enobungozi. Njengoba kuboniswa izifundo eziningi, elilungile pH ezingeni amanzi echibini ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 7.5 kuya 8.0. Ngokunciphisa pH kuya 1-0.5 nje amayunithi (kufika ku 7,0-6,5) amazinga PDI, okuyinto ngaphezu kwalokho futhi gennotoksichny kakhulu anda.

Izindlela ze-ukuzimisela pH

-PH ngezinga logarithmic, okusho ukuthi ukwanda ngalinye noma ukwehlisa eyodwa limelela ushintsho ezingaba ngu-10. Ngokwesibonelo, isixazululo nge pH 11 kuyinto ane-alikhali ngaphezulu izikhathi 10 kuka isixazululo pH 10. Kukhona izindlela eziningana indlela ukunquma pH yamanzi .

Ukunqunywa pH usebenzisa ukuhlolwa emapheshana

emapheshana Test Uyi iphepha litmus, ukushintsha umbala isabela ekushintshashintsheni pH. Bona angathengwa izitolo isilwane, njengoba ngokuvamile bajwayele ukunquma pH yamanzi okugcinwa (ngisho ukuguquguquka kancane le nkomba kungaholela ekufeni zezinhlanzi).

Ukuxhumana amanzi umbala test strip zizoshintsha. Une kuphela ukuqhathanisa umbala okuholela isampula umbala ishadi ku iphakethe bese value othize. Le ndlela yokunquma pH kuyashesha, elula, engabizi, kodwa unephutha kahle esikhulu.

iphepha litmus "Rottinger"

Thenga pH emapheshana ezitolo imishini kwezokwelapha edolobheni lakho. Ngemva kokuhlaziya PH test ahlukahlukene (ezisukela ezishibhile Chinese nesiphetho Dutch ezibizayo), safika esiphethweni sokuthi iphutha ubuncane ngubufakazi eyanikezwa German PH emapheshana "Rottinger". Iphakheji kuyinto isikali inkomba 1 kuya 14 (esiphezulu ububanzi etholakalayo!) Futhi 80 PH emapheshana, okuyinto kwanele isikhathi eside. Ngalezi emapheshana lingalinganiswa PH amanzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi PH uketshezi begazi ezifana ngamathe, umchamo kanye nokunye. Njengoba okuhle PH amamitha abasakwazi eqolo (mayelana 3000rub), futhi ngabo ukuba ukuthenga sesikhashana izixazululo ekulinganisweni, leli phephandaba litmus "Rottinger", intengo zazo ingeqi ruble 250-350., Ingabe namuhla kuyithuluzi lokusakaza esibalulekile ekutholeni eqondile PH ezingeni.

Ukunqunywa pH usebenzisa pH-imitha

Ku-plastic noma ingilazi inkomishi eqoqwe amanzi isampula (20-30 ml). Idivayisi inzwa siyakazwe esincane amanzi distilled, bese egxilile isixazululo kanye inzwa lokushisa. Esikalini zedivayisi kukubonisa pH ngqo yesixazululo test. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukunemba izilinganiso kuthinte Samandla njalo zedivayisi, okuyiwona sebenzisa izixazululo ejwayelekile esasihambisana pH ezaziwayo. Le ndlela yokunquma pH kuyinto enembile, elula, okusheshayo, kodwa kudinga izindleko ezinkulu impahla eqhathaniswa odlule kanye amakhono aphansi esebenza imishini laboratory kanye nezixazululo zamakhemikhali.

Ngakho, i-pH yamanzi - akuyona nje eside esikoleni i-chemistry Yiqiniso, kodwa futhi kube inkomba yokuthi izinga lamanzi, okumele elawulwa ukuze ugweme imishini nezinkinga zempilo.