Izinhlobo ukuphefumula e abantu

Ukuphefumula - inqubo ebalulekile bokuphila, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka yini eyenziwa abantu. Ngenxa indlela emisiwe amaseli enikeziwe umoya-mpilo futhi bayakwazi ukubamba iqhaza umzimba. Izinhlobo ukuphefumula iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yini imisipha kanye nezinhlaka abahilelekile.

ukuphefumula zomzimba

Ukuphefumula Umoya ephelezelwa yanjalo ephefumula (i-oksijini ukusetshenziswa) futhi umoya (Ukukhululwa carbon dioxide). Ngesikhashana nje kukhona iqoqo izinqubo phakathi kwazo. Bangakwazi luhlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo esemqoka ukuphefumula:

• zangaphandle (ukupholisa okusheshayo yamagesi e yamaphaphu);
• umoya-mpilo yezokuthutha;
• izicubu kwezimila.

kwezimila sangaphandle inikeza izinqubo ezilandelayo:

1. ukupholisa - emoyeni odabula ipheshana zokuphefumula, oswakanyiswe, kuba ukufudumala futhi ihlanzeke.
2. Negesi lokushintshisana - senzeka esikhathini esifushane engasayi ukuphefumula (phakathi okhishwa ngamakhala futhi umoya omusha). Ukushintsha kuhilela alveoli futhi wamaphaphu capillary. Igazi odabula alveoli ku-capillary, okuyinto elicwile umoya-mpilo futhi lisakaza wonke umzimba. Carbon dioxide zithutha emuva kusuka kuma-capillary phakathi alveoli futhi umoya excreted.

Kokuqala kwezimila isigaba ikhuthaza ukudluliselwa oksijini evela alveoli lingene egazini futhi ekuqongeleleni carbon dioxide vesicles yamaphaphu sokususwa kamuva kusuka emzimbeni.

Ezokuthutha kanye umzimba yi lokugcina

Ethutha igazi amagesi kungenxa erythrocyte. Bathwala umoya-mpilo ezicutshini kwezitho, lapho umzimba ngokwengeziwe uqale.

Diffusion ezicutshini elinesimo inqubo izicubu kwezimila. Kusho ukuthini? Erythrocyte abahlangene-mpilo kufakwa ijwabu bese uketshezi izicubu. Kanyekanye ziyoncibilika carbon dioxide ihamba emuva alveoli yamaphaphu.

Ngemva uketshezi interstitial engena egazi. Qalisa izinqubo amakhemikhali wokuqhekeka izakhamzimba. Yokugcina namachibi umkhiqizo - carbon dioxide - kabusha engena igazi ngesimo isixazululo futhi adluliselwe ku-alveoli yamaphaphu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo ukuphefumula isetshenziswa umzimba ngamanye okwenzeka izinqubo umzimba ziyafana. imisipha ukuba isebenze kodwa ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe ivolumu kwesifuba, t. e. ukwenza ephefumula noma okhishwa ngamakhala.

Inani imisipha e izinqubo zokuphefumula

Izinhlobo ukuphefumula umphumela ukusikwa imisipha izingxenye ezahlukene sokukhubazeka komgogodla. imisipha zokuphefumula ukunikeza ushintsho Rhythmic kule ivolumu ngalo ingaphakathi esifubeni. Kuye imisebenzi yabo, zihlukaniswe inspiratory futhi expiratory.

Esokuqala siphathelene emoyeni imuncwe. Imisipha eyinhloko yaleli qembu yilezi: diaphragm, intercostal zangaphandle, interchondral yangaphakathi. imisipha inspiratory Asizayo bakha isitebhisi, webele (ezinkulu nezincane), sternoclavicular (mastoid). Phakathi okhishwa ngamakhala bahlanganyele imisipha besisu futhi intercostal yangaphakathi.

ngiyabonga kuphela imisipha kungenzeka ukuthi uhogele futhi umoya air: ukukhanya ukuphinda ukunyakaza kwabo. Kukhona izindlela ezimbili kungenzeka ekushintsheni ivolumu kwesifuba ngosizo imisipha: ukuhamba izimbambo noma diaphragm, okuyinto izinhlobo ezinkulu ukuphefumula ngesikhathi abantu.

ukuphefumula thoracic

Kulesi hlobo ngenkuthalo iqhaza enqubeni kuphela engxenyeni engenhla emaphashini. izimbambo abazibophezele noma clavicle, lapho thoracic kwezimila uhlobo lihlukaniswe by ubambo futhi clavicular. Lona ezivamile, kodwa hhayi indlela engcono.

Ubambo ukuphefumula wenziwa usebenzisa imisipha intercostal okukuvumela esifubeni ukuze sandise umthamo edingekayo. On the exhale, imisipha intercostal yangaphakathi ziya onomfutho futhi emoyeni uyaphuma. Inqubo yenzeka sibonga yokuthi izimbambo ube ukuhamba kanye zikwazi dengwane. ukuphefumula okunjalo ngokuvamile esivela ubulili besifazane.

ukuphefumula Clavicular abavamile asebekhulile ngenxa ukwehla wamaphaphu umsebenzi, kanye kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezifunda ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi. On the donsa we clavicle ne esifubeni waphakamisa, exhale - phansi. Breathing ngosizo imisipha sternoclavicular olukha phezulu kakhulu, kakhudlwana eyenzelwe imijikelezo onokuthula kulinganiswa nomoya.

Besisu (diaphragmatic) ukuphefumula

Diaphragm uhlobo ukuphefumula ubhekwa egcwele kuka esifubeni, ngenxa supply kangcono umoya-mpilo. Ukusebenza ingxenye enkulu ivolumu kwamaphaphu.

Isisiza ukuphefumula ukunyakaza diaphragm. Lokhu ukwahlukanisa phakathi besisu nasesifubeni izimbobo emazinyweni, ehlanganisa imisipha kwezicubu uyakwazi ngokwanele kakhulu ziyancipha. Phakathi ephefumula wehlela, ifaka ingcindezi phezu peritoneum. Uma exhale, kunalokho, yona evuka, eziphumulele imisipha esiswini.

ukuphefumula Diaphragmatic ukuthi bunzima phezu kwabantu, abagijimi, singers and izingane. Funda ukuphefumula besisu ilula, kunezindlela eziningi umzimba ukuthuthukisa amakhono adingekayo. Ingabe kuyazuzisa ke ukufunda lesi - kungcono wonke umuntu, kodwa ukuphefumula besisu evumela umzimba ukunikeza ikhwalithi-mpilo ezidingekile inani okungenani uhamba.

Kwenzeka ukuthi kwelinye umoya umjikelezo kuhilela abantu futhi thoracic neminyango besisu. Inwebisa ubambo, futhi ijubane running kanye beso. ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi okuxubile (inani) ukuphefumula.

Izinhlobo ukuphefumula kuye ubunjalo ukunyakaza zokuphefumula

Ukuphefumula akancikile kuphela amaqembu athintekayo imisipha, kodwa futhi ezicini ezifana ukujula, imvamisa, isikhawu phakathi okhishwa ngamakhala futhi umoya omusha. Nge njalo, ngezikhathi futhi engajulile ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu kungukuthi umoya ngokugcwele. Lokhu kudala izimo ezivuna lamagciwane.

ukuphefumula Okugcwele obandakanya ephansi, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo kanye engenhla kwamaphaphu, ebavumela ukumtshela ngokugcwele. Sebenzisa zonke ivolumu ewusizo kwesifuba, futhi emoyeni emaphashini ibuyekeziwe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, singavumeli ukuzalela nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Man abaqhuba umoya egcwele, kwenza mayelana 14 nomoya ngomzuzu. hhayi ningi than 16 nomoya ngomzuzu Kunconywa ukuthi komoya okuhle.

Ithonya impilo zokuphefumula

Breath - angumtfombo mpilo, njalo kudingwa umzimba ukuphila okuvamile. Qualitative ukupholisa igazi inikeza i-oksijini eyanele, inkanuko esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi amaphaphu ngokwabo.

Kuyaphawuleka umusa diaphragmatic ukuphefumula: lokhu kubandakanya ukuba ebaluleke kakhulu okuphelele, kuba ngokwemvelo ukubhucungwa izibilini peritoneal nasesifubeni. Okuthuthukisiwe ukugaya izinqubo, ingcindezi diaphragm ngesikhathi umoya kuvusa pericardium.

izinkinga zokuphefumula kuholele Ukuwohloka izinqubo umzimba emangqamuzaneni. Ubuthi awaveli isikhathi, ukudala indawo evumayo ukuthuthukiswa izifo. Ingxenye imisebenzi negesi lokushintshisana idluliselwe isikhumba, wabangela ukuba kube nini kanye nokuthuthukiswa izifo dermatological.

izinhlobo sokugembula ukuphefumula

Kunezinhlobo eziningana kwezimila okungavamile, okuyinto zihlukaniswe amaqembu kuye imbangela ukwephula umoya omncane. Dysregulation kungabangela:

• bradypnea - zokuphefumula ukucindezeleka imisebenzi, isiguli wenza engaphansi kwengu-12 umoya ngeminithi;
• tachypnea - njalo futhi nokuphefumula kanzima engajulile (ngaphezu kuka-24 umoya ngeminithi);
• gipernoe - ukuphefumula njalo futhi ijulile elihlobene ne reflex olunzulu nqgo humoral yizifo ngezifo;
• zokuphelelwa umoya - the ukumisa okwesikhashana ukuphefumula, ngenxa ukwehla excitability isikhungo zokuphefumula e izilonda ubuchopho noma ngenxa izinzwa, zingenza reflex ukuboshwa zokuphefumula.

ukuphefumula Periodic - inchubo lapho ukuphefumula izindlela zokuhamba ne zokuphelelwa umoya. Izinhlobo ezimbili supply umoya-mpilo emzimbeni, ababiziweyo: Cheyne-Stokes kwezimila futhi Biota.

Okokuqala libhekene okwandisa ukunyakaza ezijulile, kancane kancane kuyancipha ukuba zokuphelelwa umoya ehlala njalo 5-10 imizuzwana. Ingxenye yesibili yokuphefumula imijikelezo ejwayelekile, nese zokuphelelwa umoya emfushane. Ukuthuthukiswa ukuphefumula gqwa kuphakamisa ngokuyinhloko iziyaluyalu isikhungo zokuphefumula zobuchopho ngenxa yokulimala noma isifo.

izinhlobo Terminal ukuphefumula

ekugcineni engelapheki umonakalo inqubo zokuphefumula kuholele ukumisa okuphelele ukuphefumula. Kukhona ukubukwa eziningana umsebenzi ebulalayo:

• Kussmaul ukuphefumula - ezijulile futhi enomsindo, ebonakala uma ubuthi owadalwa ubuthi, hypoxia, ikhoma sikashukela kanye uraemic;
• apneysticheskoe - umoya eside futhi umoya esifushane, nobuntu nokulimala engqondweni, imiphumela ezinzima anobuthi;
• gasping breath-- ifulege hypoxia ezijulile, hypercapnia, umoya ezingavamile ne zokuphelelwa umoya 10-20 imizuzwana ngaphambi umoya (ezivamile sina uthi sokugembula).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule ngempumelelo umsebenzi lesiguli zokuphefumula ingabuyiswa kokuvamile.