Yiziphi izizathu ukuvela kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo civil?

Namuhla, indoda ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi umsebenzi wayo. Eqinisweni, thina ngekhulu xxi kuthiwa kwezinhlobo evelele kuyo yonke iplanethi. Kodwa kukhona ezinengqondo senze hhayi zobuchwepheshe, izimoto amakhompyutha, kanye nezobunhloli. Lokhu isici kusiza abantu ukuze azihlele ukuba abe amaqembu ukuze afinyelele imigomo ethile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwehluka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi namaqembu omphakathi yasungulwa, okwaholela ukuvela uthi.

Kodwa lokho kuyinto Regulator of ubudlelwano nomphakathi kuleli zwe? Kulokhu, lo main yekuchumanisa sici somsebenzi wabantu oye kwesokudla njalo. Lolu hlelo izindinganiso eyisakhiwo sokuziphatha namuhla ihlukaniswe izimboni eziningana ezihlobene, ngalinye elikwazi imisebenzi ukwanelisa umphakathi endaweni ethile yomsebenzi walo.

Omunye izimboni ebaluleke kunazo zonke Russian Federation saziwa civil. Phela, it is kakhulu nokuhlobene kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi ukuyothenga banal e ushukela esitolo kuyinto ubudlelwano obusemthethweni, othiwa inkontileka sokuthengisa. Kodwa isithakazelo akuyona kuphela wemboni civil sisonke, kodwa futhi izakhi ezuziwe yayo (izikhungo, zokukhokha, nokunye. N.). Kunalokho neludzaba lolutsite ukuvela amandla zezikhonzi komzabalazo umthetho wemboni. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubonakala amandla elihlobene ne amaqiniso athile angokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, esihlokweni sizohlola izizathu ukuvela amalungelo nezibopho, kanye ngokucacile yabo.

civil umthetho legatsha - umqondo, kwenkululeko isiqondiso

Izizathu amalungelo nezibopho civil kukhona, njengoba sazi, kuya eponymous umkhakha wezomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda amaqiniso ahilelekile yalolu hlobo kuyadingeka ukuze uhlaziye kwenkululeko isiqondiso uqobo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi komthetho we-civil yasungulwa eRoma yasendulo. Ngalezo zinsuku, abantu basebenzisa olwamukelwa kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha ukwakha uhlaka lokulawula ngaphakathi okuyinto umphakathi angaba khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, komthetho we-civil sandile ngisho wathola izindlela eziningana sokuthuthuka. Yiqiniso, umthetho civil eRussia yesimanje ungahlobene nge zegatsha ezinjalo laseRoma lasendulo. Nokho, ezinye izikhungo ubudala basaphila emthethweni civil yesimanje.

Ngakho, kulomkhakha iqoqo kwezinkambiso zomthetho elawula impahla kanye nezinye zobudlelwano nomphakathi ukuze uyothuthukisa inqubomgomo yenhlangano ezomnotho zomphakathi. Kulokhu, isihloko komthetho we-civil kuyinto ngempela ezibanzi. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi ngezizathu ukuvela kwezindaba amalungelo ezakhamuzi yemfanelo zihlukaniswe eziningana amaqiniso ehlukene zomthetho.

imihlahlandlela umkhakha kanye nemithetho

Izizathu amalungelo civil kanye nezibopho esikhathini esiningi kukhona ngenxa ukulungiselwa okuthile embonini yasekuqaleni. Ngamanye amazwi, izimiso komthetho civil yisendlalelo lonke emkhakheni umthethonqubo, okuyinto kamuva kuthinta ukubukeka amaqiniso ubudlelwane ethize. Kuze kube manje, umthetho civil, la maphuzu ayinhloko:

- isimiso yokulingana amaqembu kanye nenkululeko inkontileka;

- isimiso bangasephula yangasese;

- Isimiso yokungenela non-state ezindabeni zangasese abantu;

- isimiso kokusebenza okugcwele kwezithikamezo yezihloko amalungelo abo nezibopho;

- isimiso isinyathelo inqubo yokuqalisa amandla izifundo.

ngezizathu ukuvela mayelana nemakhono lapho fixed

ezizathwini Kwethulwa bayingxenye umthetho imikhakha ekhona esifundazweni. Ngesisekelo lonke uhlaka lokulawula ngakwesokudla angabhekwa WaseRussia Civil Code. Iqukethe amalungiselelo ngamunye izikhungo wemboni kanye nezici zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezizathu ukuvela amalungelo ezakhamuzi izibopho ezilungiselelwe lokho e Code Civil. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba sikhulume ngesimo ezehlukile zomthethonqubo komzabalazo umthetho senzo.

Izizathu amandla civil: umqondo

Ngokusho isihloko 8 wamanje Civil Code, amalungelo kanye nezibopho ze-Izikhonzi umkhakha komthetho we-civil enganyelwe umtsetfo lokhona. On lezisekelo zawo siqu kukhona amaqiniso zomthetho ezithile ngokoqobo, izinto ezinenzuzo zomthetho futhi odala nemiphumela ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, la maphuzu kufanele fixed kanye zokulawula ukuhlangabezana izici ezithile.

Izici lezisekelo

Ngakho ngenhla, sathola ukuthi ngezizathu amalungelo ezakhamuzi imisebenzi kukhona uhlobo oluthile amaqiniso zomthetho, okuyizinto ngenxa izikhathi ezahlukene ngokoqobo, futhi yebo, izikhonzi umkhakha. Kodwa umfanekiso esigabeni has inqwaba izici ezikhethekile.

1. ngezizathu amalungelo abantu, izibopho kungenzeka akhona imithetho komthetho, futhi isihloko senzo.

2. Isigaba osebenza kuphela komthetho we-civil, okungukuthi nemalungelo kanye netibopho orientation esihlukile ayikwazi adalwe ngayo.

3. Authority elikhiphe kusuka elisekela kakhonkolo bayingxenye isimo zezomthetho nezinhlangano wemboni.

4. amaqiniso Legal ayikwazi ezinikezwe ngumthetho.

5. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu amalungelo abantu, yemfanelo zivela incazelo evamile umthetho yombango.

Ngakho, lezi zici elichaza ngokugcwele amaqiniso zomthetho, okuyinto zisenza sibe namandla izikhonzi wemboni civil.

isilawuli zokulawula

Njengoba ngaphambili wabonisa, ngezizathu ukuvela kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo livikeleke the Civil Code of Russia. Nokho, amaqiniso zomthetho zisekelwe amalungiselelo ezihlukahlukene PPA. Kukhona lonke isimiso somthetho we uhlobo yomphakathi ubuhlobo, okubandakanya uMthethosisekelo Russian nezinye izenzo zomthetho zokulawula yohlobo (uMthetho Federal "Ngo azimele kwempahla", "Ngo Rental lwezezimali (yokuqasha)" nokunye. D.).

Uhlu ngezizathu ukuvela amalungelo abantu, yemfanelo

Imithethonqubo Code Civil unika enze uhlu oluphelele lwazo amaqiniso zomthetho, okuyinto banesibopho ukuvela mayelana nemakhono yezihloko tsivilisticheskoy ubudlelwane. Ngakho, ngezizathu amalungelo nezibopho civil yilezi:

1) izivumelwano, ukuthengiselana kuhlongozwe emthethweni, kanye nezinye onelungelo elingokomthetho efanayo esikhathini iziqondiso kungukuthi ebekiwe;

2) Isinqumo yemizimba ogunyaziwe izinhlangano ezingokomthetho;

3) izenzo iziphathimandla nomasipala iziphathimandla uhlamvu, emizimbeni ozibuse;

4) nezinqumo zokwahlulela, ukusungula noma imaphi amalungelo nezibopho;

5) ubufakazi ukuthola ngqo kwempahla okuyinto angagunyaziwe kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho;

6) imiphumela inqubo yokudala izinto kokuhlakanipha uhlamvu impahla: ezisunguliwe, imisebenzi ebhaliwe ezesayensi, izinhlelo ngogesi, nokunye;

7) ubufakazi ukulimala komunye umuntu;

8) ubufakazi of kokucetshiswa engalungile;

9) nezinye izenzo ngabanye noma izenzakalo ngqo ukunikeza ifike amandla civil.

Ikakhulukazi Isigaba 8 Code Civil

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlu ethulwa ngenhla alupheli. Isigaba 8 "Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu amalungelo abantu, yemfanelo," lithi abantu bayakwazi ukusungula uhlaka lomthetho. Lokho kungenzeka ukuba esingashiwongo umthetho amaqiniso ezibangela ukubonakala amalungelo nemisebenzi uhlobo civil. Lesi sici okusekelwe ezimisweni komthetho civil, owawuthi amaqembu zizimele ngokuphelele izenzo zabo. Ngamanye amazwi, konke kuvunyelwe esingavezwanga ngokucacile kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho. Nokho, lezi lezisekelo lingachazwa ngokuthi njalo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, sivumele isishaya-mthetho banamanani nabo isenzo umthetho, ukuze sithuthukise inqubo esemthethweni. Ukuze usebenze kahle nge izici of ukubonakala amandla adingekayo cabangela uhlobo oluthile amaqiniso zomthetho futhi baqonde ngokucacile yabo.

Izici ukusebenzelana okuhilela izivumelwano

Okwenziwayo - kuyinto ngezizathu ukuvela kwezindaba amalungelo ezakhamuzi yemfanelo, banikezwe yiSigaba 8 we Code Civil. Kulokhu, nenkululeko ukusungulwa umbuso kwezomthetho kulezi ngamakhono wabonakaliswa ngokucacile kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izivumelwano eziningi ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu ngamunye unelungelo ukungena ubuhlobo, kufanele isivumelwano lapho amalungiselelo Code Civil singanikezwanga. nkululeko ekhona ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi edale nje akanawo isikhathi ukuhambisana ukuvela umphakathi. Lokhu, ayikuvumeli ukuba acabangele ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo ubudlelwano, okungase beze ngabanye. Ngakho-ke, kukhona uhlaka standard, okuyinto evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke izivumelwano kanye zokukhokhelwa. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, banesibopho ukuvela amalungelo nemisebenzi, abenze amaqiniso zomthetho.

Ukuthola isakhiwo njengoba ngesisekelo indawo okuvela kuyo amandla

Elinye iphuzu ngempela ezithakazelisayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuthengwa impahla. Lokhu emhlabathini ukuvela amandla civil has a isimo ekhethekile umtsetfo lokhona. Bahamba wonke amaqiniso yokufuna zonke izinhlobo zezinto, ukwenqatshelwa ukudla kulesi olusemthethweni azihlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le khava phansi kabusha amaqiniso ukudala izinto ezintsha, nokunye. N.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sazama ukuphendula umbuzo, iziphi izizathu ukuvela kwezindaba amalungelo ezakhamuzi yemfanelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihloko awuzange idingidwa wonke amaqiniso wezomthetho, kodwa kunalokho eyisisekelo. Kulokhu, isimo esingokomthetho yanoma yisiphi esinye isizathu akuyona abangelutho noma ungakujabulisi. Wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokukhetha, yokuthi lomthetho umthelela yayo phezu ubuhlobo.