Kanjani ukuze ufunde ukuze solder: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo, izici kanye nezincomo ochwepheshe

Nokunamathisela ngomthofu ubhekwa amathuluzi ezivamile ukuthi ingatholakala yimuphi umnikazi ekhaya. Akunjalo ngempela ukuba uchwepheshe futhi zenziwe nokunamathisela ngomthofu okhokhelwayo. Kodwa oluphethe eyaziwayo elibalulekile kufanele umelele wobulili namandla. Broken ngezintambo zikagesi, oxhumana nabo enethiwekhi, ama-headphone, ukulungisa amabhodi - lomkhuba njalo lapho sibhekene ukuthi, abantu abafuna ukufunda izindlela ukuze ufunde ukuthi solder.

Uyini yensimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu?

Lena ukushisa ekhethekile imbuthuma kudivayisi 15 emandleni 40 W, anele sezintambo nokunamathisela ngomthofu, wesifunda amabhodi chips. Kube nokunamathisela ngomthofu, futhi ingaphezulu kwamandla. Basuke ohloselwe nokunamathisela ngomthofu encane - I-perepaivaniya kabi exhunywe izintambo ububanzi mkhulu noma unsoldering XLR izixhumi. Umsebenzi we Ukushisa sakhi solders wenza nichrome wire okuyinto nilimaza phezu tube eliqukethe "esintinyelayo" - ebusweni ukusebenza zedivayisi. Sting kukhona induku yethusi, okuyinto ukufuthelana ngumuntu wire nichrome.

I-apharathasi nokunamathisela ngomthofu esetshenziswa zethusi ngoba lokhu metal has a conductivity eliphezulu ezishisayo. ukushisa okokufaka bentambo senzeka ngenxa kagesi. kudivayisi nokunamathisela ngomthofu yakhiwa yisivikelo, okuyinto uba mica. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kwenza oxhumana yesaha ngamafutha tube lensimbi kanye nezindlu insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu.

Yini nokunamathisela ngomthofu ukukhetha?

Funda indlela solder kahle - kulula, kodwa kuphela uma kukhethwe kahle ithuluzi. Phakathi ezihlukahlukene enkulu amadivayisi DIY abathanda, ngubani anquma ukukwenza silungisa izinto zasemahhovisi, kufanele ukhethe i-acoustic nokunamathisela ngomthofu yensimbi, esibonakala by usayizi amancane workability ezinhle. It has a ongaphakeme ukushisa umthamo, kuyinto efiselekayo ngoba esihle emsebenzini nokunamathisela ngomthofu e ukuhlangana chips. Imfundamakhwela master kungcono opt idivayisi emandleni akhe ingeqi 40 Watts. Kubalulekile ukuthi insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu wayebuye kungekho Watts ntekenteke 15 ngoba amandla umkhiqizo ezinjalo ngeke kwanele ngisho elula wire zasehhovisi uxhumano. Thenga akukhetha ithuluzi trehnapravlyayuschim isisekelo ipulaki. Ukuba khona kwawo kuzovimbela kungenzeka ukuhlakazwa voltage ngesikhathi ushayela kagesi ukuze tube lensimbi.

Ukuze enze umsebenzi ukubusa gauge izintambo, chassis futhi ibala umsebenzi ingilazi kuyinto nokunamathisela ngomthofu zezimboni efanelekayo.

Yini Udosi kangcono?

Izingxenye zokusebenza nokunamathisela ngomthofu kukhona ezimbili zama, kuye ngokuthi ungakanani:

• ezivamile, ububanzi okuyinto 0.5 cm;
• miniature ne ububanzi 0.2 cm, isetshenziswa nokunamathisela ngomthofu izintambo mncane kakhulu futhi izingxenye zethusi.

Blue-nokunamathisela ngomthofu ingxenye ungase ube ukuma inaliti, Isigaxa futhi ukudla. Ifomu yokugcina yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, ngoba kunika ithuba Ketha lemali edingekayo solder. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube lula udosi nokunamathisela ngomthofu kungaba ngokuqondile noma lwalugobile.

Siyini leso simiso solder?

inqubo nokunamathisela ngomthofu siqukethe ukujoyina izakhi ezimbili metal usebenzisa wesithathu (solder). Amazinga ukuncibilika izingxenye axhunyiwe kufanele kube ephakeme kunaleyo ilungu lwesithathu, esimweni oncibilikisiwe lingena interstices exhunywe izingxenye, futhi kwakusekhona nokuhle isakhiwo sabo, ukuhlinzeka uxhumano lokukhanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi izingxenye uxhumano contact kagesi siyenzeka ukubukeka.

Yini okudingeka?

Inqubo nokunamathisela ngomthofu akuyona into enkulu. Umbuzo ukuthi ukufunda ukuba solder kusuka ekuqaleni isixazululekile kalula. Kwanele ukuthola izinto ezidingekayo bese ulandela imiyalelo ukuba aqale ukuzilolonga.

Lapho ukufunda ukuze solder?

Ungakwazi ukuqeqesha ekhaya, enza nokunamathisela ngomthofu ezivamile izintambo kagesi. Into esemqoka nalokhu - banamathele iziqondiso zokuphepha.

Umsebenzi kungase kudingeke:

• nokunamathisela ngomthofu (emazwini ochwepheshe ukusebenza izintambo ezincane electronics kanye nobunjiniyela bukagesi kuyoba esanele 20-40 Watts ithuluzi);
• impintshisi;
• ummese;
• sikelo;
• yamafayela inaliti;
• lokukhuhla;
• isalothephu lenkhulu;
• rosin;
• solder.

Umbuzo "kanjani ukuba bafunde solder" ziyoxazululwa emva ukusebenzisa ambalwa. Kuzoba khona ithemba saqala nesipiliyoni. Ukuze amsize kulo kuyinto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo for nokunamathisela ngomthofu.

Kuphi ukuqala?

• Ukulungiselela Udosi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa impintshisi ne amafayela inaliti, udinga bahlanze ingxenye zokusebenza insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Sting kufanele abe i-engela 30-45 degrees. Kuleso simo, uma ichopho lilimele, kubalulekile ukuba alole futhi, enika ifomu kunesidingo. Ngemva kwalokho, ithiphu tinning - the evuthayo nokunamathisela ngomthofu yensimbi kumele kuqala elicwiliswe resin, bese - ku solder.
• Kuyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha ukulungiselela ulwelwesi insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idivayisi iku eliwu lokushisa ezingaphezu kuka-300 futhi usebenza ngaphansi high voltage kagesi. Kubalulekile ngesikhathi ukusebenza nokunamathisela ngomthofu yokwandisa lapho besebenzela khona. Desirably, Esekelwa isetshenziswa njengoba ucezu plywood noma PCB. emathileyi okukhethekileko okudingekayo ukuze solder futhi rosin.
• Ukuhlanzwa metal evele bajoyine solder. Lokhu kudinga lokukhuhla, kuphela noma nokunamathisela ngomthofu acid. Kubalulekile ukuthi evele lapho solder sisetshenziswa, akabanga uwoyela izinsalela, amafutha nezinye izinto.

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe umsebenzi

Kanjani ukuze ufunde ukuthi solder kahle, kuyokhanya uma ulandele izinyathelo ngezansi. kumele:

• Setha insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu kwi ukuma bese uvula kugridi.
• Dunk in the rosin. Lokhu kwenziwa imizuzu 5-7 emva uxhumano yokuxhuma. Inhloso yalesi kunemidanti ukuhlola lokushisa amalahle ithiphu futhi balahle esikalini. Nokunamathisela ngomthofu kubhekwa isilungele ukusetshenziswa, uma resin Incibilikile nekucala ubilise. Uma kuphela ithambisa udosi insufficiently sekuqala ukufudumala. Endabeni ka okweqile of nokunamathisela ngomthofu yensimbi rosin hisses futhi wafutha. Kuleso simo lowo mshini kudingeka kuphole kancane.
• Inqubo esemathinini ebusweni. Olubunjiwe imikhiqizo solder metal ehlanganiswa isikhala ukuxhumana.
• evele esemathinini sicindezelwe ndawonye. Ezindaweni lapho ukuhlanganisa ukubeka entsha yensimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu solder ingxenye. izingxenye Ixhunyiwe Zulu njengoba nje solder ayaphola bese osemanzi.

Sebenzisa solder

Kuphumelele nokunamathisela ngomthofu kungenzeka ukukhethwa ngobuhlakani solder oyifunayo - tin ingxubevange nomthofu. Kubhekwa solder ezivamile, umkhiqizo pos-40 futhi POS 60. Basuke izimpawu ephansi ukuma (183 degrees) kanye zisetshenziswa emsebenzini kakhulu nokunamathisela ngomthofu yokuxhuma izakhi steel. Lokhu solder standard ngesimo wire 2.5 mm ububanzi, okuyinto ekahle kakhulu ukusebenza chips.

Ukuze brazing aluminiyamu izingxenye kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthola aluminium solder ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, nokuba evuthayo, zezakhi tin-lead ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amagesi okuyinto ziyingozi abantu. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuba asebenze nabo ukwenza endaweni kahle umoya nokusetshenziswa respirators ekhethekile, amagilavu kanye nezibuko.

Kanjani ukuze ufunde ukuze solder izintambo?

Ngakho, indlela ukuxhuma izintambo? Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe msebenzi ejwayelekile zonke izinhlobo nokunamathisela ngomthofu. wire Ujoyine uphela ludyatsya. Kodwa lwemidlalo onokwethenjelwa Kunconywa umshudo ndawonye uvalwe. Ngesikhathi inqubo, udosi ayina ngesandla nokunamathisela ngomthofu ithunyelwa iphuzu uxhumano, kanye nezinye kusayithi ihlinzekwa solder wire.

Kwezinye izimo, le kuhlanekezela izintambo engenakwenzeka. Khona-ke ukuxhuma emikhawulweni izintambo ulaliswe parallel nomunye ngawakhamela impintshisi. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngesandla esisodwa, kanti eyesibili - eliqondisa nokunamathisela ngomthofu yensimbi ithiphu ne solder kuya ngokuhlanganyela. Sibambe semikhawulweni izintambo kumele kwenziwe emva kokukhipha ithiphu nokunamathisela ngomthofu zone nokunamathisela ngomthofu.

Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isidingo ukuxhuma komunye umkhawulo kwentambo kusukela maphakathi omunye. Ukusonta kulokhu senziwa evala ongale kocingo emhlabeni nezinye, ukuze ngalo kufakwe.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesidunu brazing wire akunakwenzeka ngoba linokwethenjelwa incike ngamandla uxhumano lokukhanda.

Umbuzo ukuthi ukufunda ukuba solder wire, ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi abasebenzisi Inthanethi. Njengoba kahle inqubo ye splicing futhi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, bayakwazi balukhulume bebodwa, ngaphandle kosizo ochwepheshe ukwenza eziningi imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Isisetshenziswa Ukushisa Seamless;
• Intambo isandiso i isiginci sikagesi;
• USB-ikhebula uxhumano-antenna, nabanye.

Yini zincipha?

Phakathi Splice ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile ukushisa Nciphisa tubing. ubukhulu yabo kumele kube izikhathi ezimbili obukhulu kunobukaJohane wire. I tube lufakwa eyodwa ongale kocingo. Ngemva kokwenza ukubandakanyeka yayo mechanical nabanye ngocingo futhi nokunamathisela ngomthofu ukushisa ukuncipha uhudulelwa endaweni uxhumano yabo. Kumele kahle ukuze ekupheleni kwaso, maqondana lekuhlanganeni ngayinye babuyizingalo 1 cm. Ngemva kwalokho nokunamathisela ngomthofu iyaphindwa. Nciphisa kumelwe nombala ukumboza wiring nokushisa. Ngenxa okushisa aphezulu ku tube ivaliwe, uhlinzeka ukwahlukanisa okunokwethenjelwa endaweni ngokuhlanganyela kanye amandla Ubuhlobo obuseduze lokukhanda.

Kanjani ukuze ufunde ukuze solder ebhodini?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale nokunamathisela ngomthofu nzima, isibonelo, ukusebenza diode emapheshana, ochwepheshe batusa Wabasaqalayo amakhosi ukuthola isabelomali amabhodi engabizi. Njengoba oqeqeshiwe phezu kwabo, futhi kahle amasu nokunamathisela ngomthofu ejwayelekile, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile saqala ukufunda ukuze solder chip.

Lolu hlobo solder yakhiwa Ezikhathini ezilandelayo:

• Preparatory. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka uxhumano ngokuqinile, nokumelana aphansi. Ngenxa yale njongo, ebusweni kumele kahle bahlanza of amafutha nothuli. Degreasing lingasetshenziswa napkin futhi isixazululo insipho. Acetone isetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukuze bathuthukise kobuso wesifunda isicwebezelisi eliphezulu. Njengoba yokukhomba ephephe kakhulu methyl hydrate kuphela Kunconywa. It is njengoba nomphumela njengoba acetone, kodwa akukho iphunga ebukhali ezinjalo.
• izingxenye Ufaka soldered amabhodi. Ngaphambi ufunde indlela solder wesifunda, kubalulekile ukwazi indawo zonke izingxenye zalo. Ngokuyinhloko ukuba soldered izingxenye flat. Lokhu Resistor futhi varistor. Ngemva kokuqalisa capacitor, Transistor, transformer, i-microphone potentiometer. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha poocherednost izakhi ibhodi ukuthi nozwelo lokushisa kukhona.
• Amalahle enkompolo yokuthuthukisa conductivity ezishisayo we kwensimbi. Ichopho nokunamathisela ngomthofu kumelwe ukuncika ngokumelene imizuzwana embalwa ukuze izingxenye circuit. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela it kusuka okweqile. Ngeke ibe ngufakazi wabonakala phezu Bubbles. Kulokhu, udinga ukususa insimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu kusukela zone nokunamathisela ngomthofu.
• Isicelo solder. It wenziwa nje isikimu akuyona egqumeni elincane elivelayo.
• Ukususa ngokweqile. Okwenziwe emva Ukupholisa ngomoya kanye solidification we solder. Kunconywa ukuba basheshe futhi ukunikeza isikhathi uhlelo okwesikhashana kudambe. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ungakwazi ukugqashula uxhumano Kuye kwenziwa, futhi umsebenzi kuyodingeka wenze futhi.

Funda indlela solder wesifunda kufanele wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuzonika ithuba ukulungisa Imigudu siqu sakhe, modems, nokunye. D.

Nokunamathisela ngomthofu yenqubo akugcini ukusebenza babashayeli yethusi microcircuits. Kahle ikhono lokusebenzisa nokunamathisela ngomthofu kuzintambo, zingadlulela okwalandela, imisebenzi more xaka usebenzisa solders ehlukahlukene ngezinto ezihlukahlukene.