Kuyini parasitism? Ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana ne parasitism predation

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi yini parasitism, iziphi izinhlobo zalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkinga ye letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile zalesi simo nge predation.

ukuphila

Eziphilayo eplanethini yethu kunemithala engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4 iminyaka. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi-ke uye wakwazi ziyaphuma, ziphenduke, zinyamalale lenqwaba zilwane. Futhi cishe le nqubo izoqhubeka. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphila, ngisho elula kakhulu futhi encane, iyamangaza kakhulu kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi. Nokho, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zama-khona. Omunye wabo - parasitism. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuyinto ngempela kwandile. Ngakho lokho parasitism, yini ukuthi lunjani, iziphi izici zayo? Kulesi siyowuqonda ngokwengeziwe.

definition

Parasitism - ingenye izinhlobo ezinkulu co-khona izinto eziphilayo. Ngokungafani nabanye abantu, ngoba it libhekene yokuthi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu izidalwa abangenayo uxhumano zofuzo phakathi futhi ngokuvamile kukhona heterogeneous, siphile ndawonye isikhathi eside, kodwa kukhona abaphikisi. Lolu hlobo ubudlelwano phakathi ezahlukene kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Omunye wabo silwanyana. Isebenzisa kwenye (impi) njengendlela umthombo wamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke ziwumthwalo kuyo liphelele noma liyingxenye ubuhlobo olwenzeka endaweni ezungezile. Manje siyazi ukuthi lokhu parasitism.

Uma sikhuluma amaqembu omphakathi ihlangabezane lolu hlobo co-khona, bona zahlukahlukene kakhulu: izilwane, lenyama, isikhunta, ama-bacterium. Njengomthetho, isenzo bokuphila amagciwane ngokuvamile subordinated kumnikazi. Futhi ukuphila yayo umjikelezo nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha kukhona sixhomeke kakhulu kokuthola izenzo ezidingekayo ukuze lezi zinsiza begazi. Uma sikhuluma ngezinga elithile parasitism, isikhathi eside umzimba ukhona ngezithukuthuku umnikazi, ingasaphathwa ngenxa okubangela ukulinyazwa yokugcina. Isisulu njalo avumelane. Kuyini parasitism, manje sesiyazi ukuthi. Ake sihlole kabanzi kodwa izinhlobo zako ezisemqoka.

ukuma

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho amafomu zalesi simo khona, kunjalo futhi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Izimuncagazi zifana izilwane, nemifino. Basuke zihlukaniswa yokuthi izinsiza ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla emithonjeni ehlukene: abameleli zezilwane nezimila, ngokulandelana. Plant ngokuvumelana ngezigaba esemthethweni Ivame ukubizwa fitoparazitami. Ziyakwazi kaningi kunaleyo amakhowe amancane, kancane kancane - amagciwane. Manje cabanga izinhlobo parasitism. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela.

Kukhona okuthiwa ectoparasitism futhi endoparasitism. Endabeni wokuqala, isidalwa uhlala ngaphandle eseduze kwayo futhi ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne isikhumba sakhe noma ezinye izembozo. Isibonelo kunazo yesiteleka - izibungu noma namazeze. Bobabili ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila kwabantu noma izilwane. Baqamekele noma izinwele noma ukuluma esikhunjeni.

Endabeni endoparasitism, umzimba uhlala ngaphakathi nenhlalakahle, esinikela kuye nazo zonke ezidingo ezidingekayo begazi. amafomu ezinjalo zihlanganisa lenyama, yisinanakazana izimpethu nabanye. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa uhlobo lwesibili - ukuphila ngaphakathi aphethe - kuyinto ectoparasitism kwande. Ngokusho ososayensi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlala phakathi kuba lula futhi kulula ukuthola ngoba inkathazo kunzima kakhulu. Kwakuthinta ngephutha ochotshoziwe, hhayi smahnosh njengoba umkhaza efanayo noma zigcwele.

Ngokuvamile, izimuncagazi ezihlala ngaphakathi umninikhaya, sebenzisa yokwenziwa ukusabalalisa izindlela. Ngokwesibonelo, izibungu alala utshani, bese kanye izimila isilwane esidla, futhi ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu labo dweba. A ectoparasites zokusabalalisa usebenzisa izindlela asebenzayo. Kukhona nezinye izimuncagazi necrotrophy. Ahluke ukuthi ukubangela ukufa imoto yakhe ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezakhi. Noma efa ngenxa ezinobuthi wukukhanya eziwuhlupho ukuphila kwabo.

Sverhparazity

Sverhparazitov ngakho okuthiwa ngesizathu esihle. izici yabo ehlukile hhayi usayizi noma ukusatshalaliswa izindlela. Into siwukuthi bangamalungu izimuncagazi, ezifana uzithanda wena. Thanda izidalwa uhlala ngezithukuthuku Pest, ababehlezi isilwane. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-amagciwane uhlobo lwesibili. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ungathola lezi oda yesithathu neyesine "oweyisayo '!

Predation futhi parasitism

Ukwehlukanisa ngokuvumelana ngezigaba phakathi predation okumsulwa kanye parasitism kuyinto impikiswano. Futhi ngokuvamile kubangela ukudideka. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho le ncazelo isho ukudla noma yini eyingcuba sika omunye komunye, ngaphandle umhlatshelo. Ngamafuphi nje, kungenxa isilinganiso amagciwane futhi umninikhaya. Kodwa thina namanje ngizame ukukuqonda.

Njengoba kunjalo nge predation isilwane classical, umonakalo amagciwane isakhiwo kwangaphandle nangekhatsi umzimba aphethe. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela umgomo bengamenyiwe nsada. Uma sicabangela letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile ka predation futhi parasitism, inkathazo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, njengoba umthetho, phila umninikhaya efanayo. Yena akanandaba ekufeni kwakhe. Nokho, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kunjalo. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphila ngezinto esimila kuzo ukuphila ngaphakathi Nokho, kodwa umgomo oyinhloko ushwabadela yabo isisulu. Ngokwesibonelo, yenzani kanjalo izibungu ezinye Diptera.

It is owaziwa isayensi, ezinye izilwane ezingaba ukuhlanganisa indlela yokuphila yisinanakazana ne ezidla inyama. Lezi zimfanelo libe neziphazamiso reduviidae umndeni. Angadla ukudla okuyingxenye njengamanye izinambuzane, kanye negazi isilwane womuntu noma ezinye esinegazi elifudumele.

Kuyini ukufana phakathi predation futhi parasitism?

Ukuze zonke umehluko yayo, ukufana Yiqiniso, kukhona. Futhi izimuncagazi, kanye nezinto ezidla ophilayo ngezithukuthuku zabanye. elidlule nje kwenziwa ngezikhathi kuqhubeka ekuzingeleni. Ngakho ukwenza wezingonyama, amahlosi, panthers, nokunye. Abanye, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo amancane, kufanele adle ngokucophelela, ne Ukugcizelelwa esilayidi.