Ukudala Imikhandlu kwezomnotho: unyaka owodwa. Yini eyaholela ukusungulwa kwemikhandlu kwezomnotho?

ESoviet Union ngoba sonke isikhathi ukhona, uye washintsha eziningi kuwo wonke amazinga. Thola okungenani yokuthi ukuvela eSoviet Union - phetho izinguquko: ecabanga yalelozwe sabantu, le kabusha ukuziphatha futhi bezibona isimo sawo. Kusukela ngesikhathi ukuvela isimo esisha iningi Izakhamuzi abalimi elula abasebenzi, izinguquko esiyinhloko lonke ekuphileni lamazwe ezithintekayo emnothweni kazwelonke.

Izigaba ukudalwa Imikhandlu kwezomnotho musa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Noma kwakuyinto eyimvelo futhi khona kwabo okwengeziwe yimpumelelo. Njengoba kufakazelwa isingeniso ngokuphindelela umzimba, ukuhlelwa kabusha yayo eqhubekayo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwesulwa kulesi sikhungo isesikhathini ngokugcwele kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. Nakuba kuzoveza amandla futhi ngokubuyela lo mkhuba, nakuba ngaphansi kwamagama ehlukene.

Uyini Imikhandlu kwezomnotho

It amathiphu emnothweni, okuyinto Kwamiswa ukuphathwa zendawo. Baqale yavela ngemva Okthoba 1917 futhi ilawulwe Ephakeme Economic Council ngesikhathi CHP, okuyinto yena, ngo-1918, kwaba ngaphansi kolawulo nasegunyeni lombusi Central Executive Committee of the Council of Yabantu Commissars we RSFSR. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-zomnotho umkhandlu amakomiti kwaba ukuqinisekisa inqubomgomo Ephakeme Economic Council emhlabathini. Lemigwamanda sezisunguliwe ezifundazweni, ezindaweni kanye ngisho izifunda. Kusukela kwamiswa Imikhandlu kwezomnotho liqukethe abasebenzi akhethiwe, amalungu enhlangano, ogama ukhetho zavunyelwa emihlanganweni abafanele.

Umzimba omkhulu lo msebenzi wawumkhulu - ukusungula oda futhi ahlinzeke ukulawula ukubuyiselwa emnothweni kazwelonke ngemva kokubhubhisa futhi ibole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it uqaphe ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo kanye nemiyalelo ukuba enhlanganweni ngokuchaza lemali edingekayo of izinto zokusetshenziswa, nophethiloli ngayinye endaweni ngabanye.

yenhlangano

iyunithi Ubuncane kusukela ukusungulwa kwemikhandlu kwezomnotho baba esifundeni, okwakubekelwa kulawulwa zesifunda, nokunye. Njengengxenye ngasinye sasinothisha amagatsha 14, okuyinto lesinqumo imibuzo ezahlukene - ukusuka esisebenzayo (isibonelo, amaminerali kanye metal) enhlanganweni (isibonelo, izindaba yasebhange).

Qinisa usithonye Imikhandlu kwezomnotho kuhlulekile ngenxa yomgomo ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi izinkampani ezingaphezu esele isimo, izinsiza ngaphezulu anawo igunya ngokucindezela.

Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ukudalwa Imikhandlu kwezomnotho kwaba cishe lutho, ngenxa yomgomo ekuhlukanisweni yokuphathwa. Lena yokwehlayo ecacile, eliholwa Supreme Economic Council, kwaba akusadingeki.

Iningi wesifunda uyekwa nawesifunda kabusha futhi uqambe kabusha Yabantu Commissariat.

Eyesibili wave

Ngemva nokuqedwa okokuqala umbono kabusha ukudala Imikhandlu kwezomnotho iza Nikite Hruschevu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uNobhala Jikelele ubhekwa omunye bezinguquko eyinhloko eSoviet Union. Umqondo ekubuyiseleni isakhiwo umsuka ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kanye nokuphathwa izinhlangano umkhakha.

Ukudala Imikhandlu kwezomnotho ekupheleni 1950 kwakufanele ibambe iqhaza ekwenzeni ngcono uhlelo ukuphathwa nokulawulwa emnothweni kazwelonke. Empeleni, kwaba uhlobo olusha lukahulumeni, ngoba kuye kwavula ukuvela nezindaba eziningana ezibalulekile, okuyilezi: ngesimo esingokomthetho kanye nohlaka lomthetho, isigaba sabaphathi kanye Ukuklanywa komzimba.

Ukudala Imikhandlu kwezomnotho kwaholela ukusatshalaliswa ukuphathwa kwezomnotho phakathi nezifunda zezomnotho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi republic. Ezimweni eziningi, indawo yakwa-ehhotela esifundeni ukuthi singobani futhi imingcele yesifunda.

Ngo kwekhono umkhandlu kwezomnotho olulodwa wayengomunye umkhakha ukuthi esenze sakwazi ukuhlakaza ukunakwa zomzimba munye ngoba izimboni eziningana.

amathiphu isakhiwo

Imikhandlu Economic babe imikhakha emisebenzini yemvelo. Lokho, ikhono lakhe akufanele okungaphezu umkhakha olulodwa noma ukwakhiwa, kwezolimo, ezohwebo, nokunye.

Le ndikimba sasingekho isidingo sokulalela isisebenzeli kweminyango, nakuba incike Plan State kanye republic ngabanye be-USSR iyonke. Ukukhokhela imisebenzi kanye kudalwa Imikhandlu kwezomnotho (ngonyaka nesenzakalo - 1957 th) enikeziwe ngokuphelele isimo. Nakuba ngokuvamile ezinye izinto kwezindleko ehlanganiswa izinhlangano ngaphansi kweso ngqo kwenhlangano. Kodwa kwanqunywa ezingeni wombuso.

Ukuze ukuheha abasebenzi nokuphathwa umkhakha, kwanqunywa ukuba usethe Imikhandlu njengoba isigungu esibunjwe. Ekuqaleni kwendalo emikhandlu kwezomnotho waphawula iqhaza kwabasebenzi.

abasebenzi Council

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ukugeleza ezintsha kusukela abasebenzi abavamile - kuhle, kodwa yonke imibono ephathelene edingekayo agumenti zinesisindo futhi ucwaningo. Uma kungenjalo, engozini ukuze ahlale ngaphandle kokusebenza yangempela. Khona-ke kwanqunywa eMkhandlwini zihlanganisa ososayensi kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi izinqumo ezithathwe emhlanganweni, bebelokhu zicatshangelwa izazi ephakeme. Ngakho, kahle njengoba onegunya ngaphezulu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, amanye amathiphu uma amabhizinisi babé owaziwa futhi kwakukhona uhlobo olusha mncintiswano - impi ukuze best okunengqondo iziphakamiso. Leyo mibono, okuyinto wathola imvume kubaphathi bakhe, kwangena ezimbonini ezweni lonke ne ukuphathwa lombhali noma iqembu. Portrait ayelenga udumo umqulu isisebenzi kuba uhlobo udumo. Nakuba kokuvusayo yezinto ezibonakalayo njengesihluthulelo kwakungesona futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwakuyintando ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa egalitarianism ethandwa.

Ukuqedwa zezinkonzo

Ukudala Imikhandlu kwezomnotho, umnyaka ngomnyaka ilandelana ke kuye kwanciphisa indima zezinkonzo, futhi abanye babo babethola ngokushesha iqedwe. ukuphathwa komnotho manje kwenziwe njalo indawo, esekelwe - ukusatshalaliswa imingcele ephakathi izifunda ngesisekelo izici eziningi zemvelo. izindawo Border uvumelane ngandlela ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezingaphandle kanye nezifunda zezomnotho.

Ukumiswa zezinkonzo kanye kudalwa Imikhandlu kwezomnotho abahlinzeke okwandisa indima republic ahlukene emnothweni Union.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusakazwa kwamandla izokwenza sikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi kuyo leyo ndawo futhi alethe ubuholi ekukhiqizeni uqobo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okwesibili ukusungulwa kwemikhandlu kwezomnotho kanye enikeziwe imiphumela emihle, uhlelo sekuneminyaka eside - eminyakeni 8 kuphela ubudala. Esinye isizathu sokwesulwa inhlangano enjalo komnotho baba ukwesula Khrushchev ngonyaka 64th. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke sahoxiswa nezinye kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi.

balimaze kwekuhlela kabusha

Ekuhlukanisweni kwamandla Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi isikhundla lesifunda amakomiti nonobhala amathuba zandile izikhathi eziningana. Kunamandla ilungu ebambe encane, kulapho ukusekela wesifunda. Ngaphandle yena, uNikita Khrushchev ithole ukulawula imboni, okwakusho eqinisa isikhundla yayo.

commissars Abaningi besiphikisa obala ukwethulwa kabusha. Ezinjalo njengoba Kaganovich awazange aphendule ngalolu isimo, kodwa umane indiva ngayo ngokukhululekile.

Lokhu kungenxa amaqiniso athile. Eyokuqala ukuqedwa zezinkonzo umugqa kanye nokusungulwa emikhandlu kwezomnotho kwakusho ukulahlekelwa izikhundla eziningi izibalo kwezombusazwe. Okwesibili, commissars zabantu kanye nobuholi enye inhlangano wafuna ukulawula uNobhala Jikelele kanye ngenye lokuxhaphaza ke. Kungokufanayo Nikita Sergeyevich isikhathi eside ukuba athathwe ngokungathi sína, mhlawumbe ngaphandle jester enkantolo.

isingeniso ngempumelelo: Izimbangela

Naphezu kwalezo zithiyo, uhlelo yethulwa. Futhi ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile kuqinisekiswa uhlelo ukujezisa nemivuzo. Uma sikubeka kalula, ukusungulwa kwemikhandlu kwezomnotho wenza isinyathelo sokuqala yokululama wobulungisa owonakalisayo. Ngezinye inkampani ngamunye wayenikwa uhlelo ukunikezela edingekayo izinga zokukhiqiza. Uma okuyisilinganiso esiphansi semali edingekayo akwenziwa, thina-ke thatha izinyathelo ezinqala - ukuxoshwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo ungabi Inhloso ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Uma ukwehluleka uhlelo abathintekayo nesizathu esihle, wayesebanga wahlupheka isigebengu.

Khansela Imikhandlu kwezomnotho

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuqedwa emzimbeni itholakala ukusetshenziswa engenangqondo kwezinsiza. Ezinye izindawo baye bazama knock out isikhungo kakhulu ngendlela izimali kunokwenzeka, ngokuhambisa incazelo isicelo eqinisweni nobunzima non-akukho.

Esinye isizathu - kwehlukana zesifunda isimiso kwezomnotho. Lona isikhundla ahlukene ugesi: imikhiqizo ngabanye e amapuleti ezahlukene. Kodwa badinga uhlanganise isaladi. Futhi kule mboni wesikhathi: ukubambezeleka of indaba ngenxa lesifunda ekuphathweni amaphutha kwaholela ekumisweni kwe umsebenzi omunye. Isibonelo: isiqephu kusukela movie "Indlovukazi likaphethiloli", lapho ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ayikwazanga ukuqoqa izinto ezidingekayo.