I-Colossal squid: incazelo, usayizi, isithombe

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalowo omele eyingqayizivele we-genus Mesonychoteuthis uqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Isazi sezokwelapha esidumile uRobson GK sichaza i-squid ekhulu, isisindo sayo esingaba yingxenye yethi. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ulwazi ngaye aluzange lamukelwe, futhi isidalwa esikhulu sikhohliwe. Kodwa ngo-1970, kutholakala izimpungushe zalezi zinhlanzi ezijulile zasolwandle, futhi eminyakeni engu-9 kamuva kwatholakala isampula emdala ngaphezu kweyodwa imitha ubude. Ngokokuqala ngqa umhlaba wafunda ngokukhona kwalezi zinhlanzi ngo-1856. Ngemuva kokuba usosayensi uStanstrup wanquma ukuqhathanisa ubukhulu bomlomo obutholakala olwandle, ngobukhulu be-squid evamile. Umphumela wawusabeka - ngokusho kwedatha eyamukelwe ukuthi i-shellfish kufanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu.

Incazelo

I-squid ekhulu kakhulu inomzimba ohlotshiswe nge-torpedo. Ubude bengubo yakhe bufinyelela emamitha amathathu, futhi kanye nezintambo - zonke eziyishumi. Isisindo sabamele abakhulu ikakhulu singaba ngamakhilogremu angu-500. Kodwa-ke, kunolwazi olumayelana nama-mollusk amakhulu ngamamitha angu-20 ubude futhi lunesisindo esingaphezu kwethani, kodwa le datha ayibhaliswanga.

Isigqoko sivulekile, isithathu sokugcina sobude bayo sigcwaliswe ngomsila omncane ombotshiwe, ozungezwe yizinhlayiya ezincane, ezinzima, eziphelile. Bakha cishe isigamu ubude bomzimba we-mollusc futhi ngendlela eqondisiwe ifomu isimo esifana nenhliziyo. Isigqoko sesithambile, cishe ububanzi obuyi-5-6 cm. Ama-crustaceans kanye ne-cartilage ye-occipital yinyene, emfushane, ephihliwe kancane; kubantu abadala, ama-tubercles anqatshelwe.

Amehlo amahle ane-squid ekhulu kakhulu. Isithombe ngezansi sinikeza ukubuka konke okuhle. Ehambisana nama-photophores amabili, amakhulu amakhulu - ububanzi bawo bufinyelela kumamitha angu-27. Amehlo amakhulu kangaka asenayo yizilwane eziyaziwayo emhlabeni.

Lezi zintambo zinezigaba ezimbili zama-suckers azungezile ngama-maces, imigqa emibili yezingwegwe ehlelwe ngaphakathi, kanye namashukela amancane angakapheli. Futhi, i-squid inezandla ezinamandla zokubamba, ezinamandla ezisekelweni ezinomlenze omkhulu kanye nemigqa emincane. Ezingxenyeni zamatende, noma kunalokho ephakathi kwabo, kunezinhlangothi ezimbalwa zezingwegwe ezinama-hooded, kanti ingxenye engezansi yazo ifakwe ama-suckers.

Isikhali esiyinhloko esiphezulu se-squid sinomlomo onzima, onamandla we-chitin.

Indawo yokuhlala

Kukhona i-mollusc enkulu kakhulu emanzini ase-Antarctic, lapho ingaba khona amaqoqo abantu abaningana. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izinombolo zazo zincane, futhi zizingela ngokuyinhloko. Futhi, i-squid itholakala ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, eNew Zealand naseNingizimu Melika.

I-Antarctic squidal squid, isithombe sayo esitholakala lapha, itholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2 futhi cishe ayifinyeleli phezulu. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwayo ngaphansi kwemibandela yemvelo.

Indawo yendawo yokucabangela i-mollusk inganqunywa kusuka ekushiseni kwamanzi emanzini. Ngakho, amathuba amakhulu okuhlangana naye kungenzeka ngokushisa kwamanzi kusuka -0.9 kuya ku-0 ºС. Kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Mashi bangabonakala ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Antarctic.

Ubukhulu

I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiyona engavamile - ama-squid ama-squid amakhulu kakhulu kunamadoda. Amasosha omabili wezocansi atholakala esiswini sezinyoni zamaduna. Ubude bezimzimba zabo babuyi-80-250 amasentimitha, futhi ubukhulu bezingu-250 kilogram. Omkhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni wama-squid ama-colossal wabanjwa abadobi baseNew Zealand ngo-2007 emanzini ase-Antarctic. Ubude bezingubo zakhe babuyi-3 m, ubude obuphelele - ubude obuyi-10, nesisindo - 495 kg.

Izici zokudla nokukhiqiza

Yiqiniso, kuncane okuyaziwa ngempilo yalezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu, kodwa ososayensi bakwazi ukuveza ikhono labo eliyingqayizivele. Umzimba wabo uqukethe inani elikhulu le-ammonium chloride, okufaka ekwenzeni ukunciphisa amandla adonsela phansi, okwenza ukuthi i-squid neyour neoyral iphile. Ngenxa yalokhu bangakwazi ukukhipha ikholomu yamanzi, cishe ngaphandle kokuhamba. Ngakho-ke, izidumbu zikwazi ukugubha futhi zilinde inyamazane yazo. Ukuzulazula izilwane ezifuywayo kakhulu bambamba izintambo bese bezithela ngezingwegwe.

Zondla ama-giants ikakhulukazi ama-anchovies aqhakazile, izinhlanzi ze-mesopelagic, i-Antarctic toothfish. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthwa komuntu kungabandakanyi kuhlobo lwabo. Ama-mollusk abantu abadala angadla amafry kanye nabantu abafayo bezinhlobo zabo.

Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili baba lapho ubude bezingubo zingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1, nesisindo - esingaphezu kuka-25 kg. Ukusabalalisa kwenzeka ekupheleni kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Izitha

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhle, i-squid ekhulu, echazwe ngenhla, inezitha zayo. Okuyinhloko yi-sperm whale. Kwakungenzeka ukuthola lokhu kusukela ezinhlakalweni ze-squid ezikhulu kakhulu esiswini. Abantu abancane abafayo bangadla i-albatross ne-Antarctic toothfish.

Ngokwemvelo, isitha esibi kakhulu se-deep mol-sea mollusk indoda. Inyama ye-squid eyisiliva isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma senza isidlo sendabuko seKalamari kusuka kulo mkhulu, khona-ke ububanzi bezindandatho ezinqunywe kuso buzofana nokulinganisa kwamathayi agandaganda.

Amacala okuhlaselwa umuntu

Mayelana nama- squid giant, ngokuqondile ngokuhlasela kwawo kubantu, ibhalwe emisebenzini eminingi yobuciko. Okudumile kunazo zonke kusebenza nguJules Verne.

Kodwa empilweni kunezimo lapho i-squid ekhulu kakhulu ihlasela imikhumbi. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezikhathi ezenzeke ngaphambili senzeke nabasolwandle baseFrance phakathi nohlanga lomhlaba wonke.

Ngokomunye wababoshi babo, u-Olivier de Kerwuson, i-shellfish yathatha i-yacht yawo ngasemuva ngemuva kwamahora nje ngemva kokushiya iBrittany. Abasolwandle bathi inqwaba enkulu yamanzi yayisongile umkhumbi ngamanqina akhe amakhulu, emilenzeni, emithanjeni, futhi yaqala ukudonsa umkhumbi olwandle. Ngama-tentacles amabili, wavimbela isondo lokuqondisa lomkhumbi. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, aba-yachtsmen kwakudingeka balwe naye. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-yacht imile, i-mollusk yayisikhulula futhi yanyamalala ekujuleni kolwandle.

Njengoba kamuva utshele abagibeli, ubude besidumbu sika-squid budlule ngamamitha angu-8, futhi uma isidalwa sasinobudlova, sasizokwazi ukuguqula futhi sigwebe i-yacht.

Izilwane ezincane ezaziwayo

Sekuphelele, ososayensi babhala cishe ngamacala angu-250 omuntu ohlangana ne-squid ekhulu kakhulu, kodwa bambalwa kuphela abakwazi ukubona lesi giant siphila. Ososayensi babengenalo lelo thuba. Kumele bafunde kuphela izidumbu ezikhishwe esiswini sezilwane eziphila emanzini, nemizimba ephonswa ogwini noma ebanjwe ngabasolwandle.

Nakuba engaziwa kancane, kodwa engenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yimuphi omunye ummeleli wekilasi lakhe, i-squid ekhulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu, izithombe zakhe ziyakwazi ukushaya noma ubani. Ngokusho kolwazi oluthile, i-deep-sea colossus, ifinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-20 futhi ibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani.

Eminyakeni emingaki ehlala emhlabeni lezi zimantombazane, ihlala imfihlakalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuncane kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ze-squid ezivele zifundisiwe zingaphezu konyaka.