Anesthesia jikelele: izinhlobo kanye contraindications

Anesthesia (izinzwa) ngesikhathi esinikeziwe kokungenela kuhlinzwa, kungase kube zezinhlobo ezimbili:

• lendawo - isiguli bayazi, izinzwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela yomzimba lapho ukusebenza kuyokwenzeka;
• Imininingwane - isiguli is egxilile ezijulile imithi ubuthongo.

ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile futhi yasendaweni ngokulinganayo ukuthola indawo imithi yesimanje. Izinzwa wendawo isehlane izinzwa umgogodla futhi epidural. Kulezi zimo, isiguli bengazi, kodwa akanawo ingxenye yalo ephansi somzimba ndikindiki ngokuphelele futhi ulahlekelwe ukuzwela. Anesthesia ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi.

Umqondo izinzwa

Anesthesia - ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile; ngesiGreki lisho "ukuba ndikindiki" "ndikindiki." nencazelo yalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngosizo imithi inethonya isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi ngokuphelele ukuvimba ezinzwa amaza ukuthi uthumela. Ngenxa zonke ukusabela kwabantu behlisa ijubane, bakhathala futhi bacwiliswa okuthiwa ubuthongo izidakamizwa olubangelwa.

Leliphupho ayikwazi eqhathaniswa ubuthongo evamile yansuku zonke uma umuntu ungakwazi uvuke ngesikhathi rustle kancane. Lapho ubuthongo wezokwelapha e abantu, eqinisweni, kuvaliwe isikhashana cishe zonke izinhlelo ezibalulekile, ngaphezu zenhliziyo.

prenarcosis

Ngaphambi ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile isiguli kumelwe ibhekane ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile - premedication. Cishe bonke abantu bathambekele ekubeni nezinga wokukhathazeka nokwesaba bokuhlinzwa. Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukukhathazeka, zikwazi zathiya ngokuhamba ukuhlinzwa. Isiguli Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona omkhulu adrenaline rush. Lokhu kuholela ukungasebenzi izitho ezibalulekile - inhliziyo, izinso, emaphashini, isibindi, okuyinto igcwele yezinkinga ngesikhathi ukusebenza futhi emva kokuqedwa kwalo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nababulala izinzwa bebona kudingekile ukunqanda indoda ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kuze kube yimanje, wamisa ejenti sine nemvelo - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi premedication. Emisebenzini, umi ngomumo, premedication ukuchitha enkulu eyayine ngayizolo. Ngokuqondene eziphuthumayo - ilungile etafuleni yokusebenza.

Intuthuko, zinhlobo futhi isigaba ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile

izinzwa Jikelele wenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Lokungeniswa ngokusungula indlela yokubulala izinzwa noma lokungeniswa - kwenziwe ngokushesha njengoba lesi siguli etafuleni yokusebenza. Wangena amalungiselelo yezokwelapha, ukuhlinzeka ubuthongo obukhulu, ukuqabuleka okuphelele nempumuzo ubuhlungu.
• Isondlo izinzwa - izinzwa kumelwe ukubala ngokunembile inani nemithi edingekayo. Phakathi ukusebenza, njalo igcinwe ngaphansi kolawulo yonke imisebenzi ye isiguli: blood pressure kulinganiswa, ziqashwe kwenhliziyo kanye ukuphefumula. Isikhombisi esibalulekile kulesi simo kufanele inhliziyo kanye umoyampilo nesikhutha egazini. Udokotela obulala izinzwa kufanele bazazi zonke izigaba ukusebenza futhi ubude bayo, kangangokuba lungakwazi, uma kunesidingo, engeza noma ukunciphisa umthamo izidakamizwa.
• Awakening - aphume izinzwa. Udokotela obulala izinzwa kuyinto ukubala ngqo ukuthi lingakanani izidakamizwa futhi sinombono ukuletha isiguli ngesikhathi imithi ezijulile ubuthongo. Kulesi sigaba, imithi kudingeka ukuqedela isenzo yayo, futhi umuntu uqala uvuke ngobumnene. Lihlanganisa zonke izitho neenkambiso. Udokotela obulala izinzwa akabashiyi nesineke uma nje efika ngokugcwele ku ukwazi. ukuphefumula nesineke kufanele abe ezimele, wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo usimamise, ikhaliphe futhi imisipha ithoni ukuza ngokuphelele evamile.

Anesthesia alinalo izinyathelo:

• Surface izinzwa - ubalekela ukuzwela ethintekayo, awusebenzi uzizwe embundwini ubuhlungu, kodwa kubonisa we imisipha yohlaka, futhi izitho zangaphakathi.
• izinzwa Khanyisa - ephumula imisipha yohlaka, iningi ubalekela ikhaliphe. Odokotela Abahlinzayo kukhona kungenzeka yokukhanya ebusweni imisebenzi.
• izinzwa Okugcwele - muscle of imisipha yohlaka, ivinjiwe cishe yonke ingqondo futhi izinhlelo, ngaphezu zenhliziyo. Kuba kungenzeka ukuba afeze imisebenzi yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi.
• izinzwa Ultra-ezijulile - kungashiwo ukuthi lesi simo phakathi kokufa nokuphila. Uvinjiwe cishe yonke ingqondo, imisipha ekhululekile ngokuphelele njengoba imisipha lwamathambo futhi abushelelezi.

Izinhlobo ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile:

• Isivuvu;
• emthanjeni;
• jikelele.

lithathelwe isikhathi ngemva kokubulawa izinzwa jikelele

Emva isiguli aphume ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile sesimo sakhe nge udokotela ukuba khona. Izinkinga ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile awavamile. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngakunye has izinkomba lalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Wahlinzwa ku esiswini, isikhathi abakwazi aphuze amanzi. Kwezinye izimo, kuba kuvunyelwe. Zempikiswano namuhla udaba ukuhamba isiguli emva kokuhlinzwa. Kwakuvamise ukuba ukuthi umuntu kwesikhathi nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa efiselekayo njengoba kungenzeka ukuba embhedeni eside. Namuhla, kutuswa ukuba ngivuke, ukuhambisa ngokuzimela enkathini kwetfulwe esifushane emva kokuhlinzwa. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kunomthelela ukululama ngokushesha.

Kunoma ikuphi, isiguli kufanele ulalele izincomo udokotela wakho, uma ungenjalo nokuvulwa zephuze.

Kukhethwa indlela yokubulala izinzwa

Ukuze inqubo ukuqedwa kwezinhlungu kuyinto obulala izinzwa wemfanelo. Sikanye udokotela ohlinzayo futhi isiguli, ukunquma onjani izinzwa ukuze makudle endabeni ethile. Kukhethwa indlela yokubulala izinzwa bathonywe izinto eziningi:

• Umthamo we ukuhlinzwa okuhleliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukususwa imvukuzane akudingi ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile, kodwa ukuhlinzwa ku izitho zangaphakathi lesiguli - ke kuyindaba engathí sina futhi kudinga imithi obujulile futhi isikhathi eside ubuthongo.
• isimo wesiguli. Uma isiguli usesimweni esibucayi noma Kulindeleke nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, umbuzo izinzwa wendawo akukwazi.
• I isipiliyoni kanye namakhono of nodokotela ohlinzayo. Udokotela wokudikizisa uyazi mayelana inkambo ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho udokotela omkhulu ohlinzayo isebenza akuyona okokuqala.
• Kodwa-ke, ongudokotela obulala izinzwa e ukukhetha futhi ukungabi khona Izimo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhetha indlela yokubulala izinzwa, okuyinto eduze yena, futhi kulo magazini kangcono ukuthembela kuye. Noma ngabe ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile noma wendawo - okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwami kuhambe kahle.

Iziyalezo isiguli ngaphambi kokuba uhlinzwe

Ngaphambi ukusebenza kuthatha njalo ukukhulumisana indawo phakathi isiguli kanye nodokotela obulala izinzwa. Udokotela kufanele ukubuza idluliselwe imisebenzi ngaphambili, eyayibonakala izinzwa kanye ogulayo wahlupheka yakhe. On the ingxenye nesineke kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela konke, hhayi ulahlekile umniningwane owodwa, njengoba kungaba ke zinendima ukusebenza.

Ngaphambi kokuba ahlinzwe, isiguli kufanele sikhumbule izifo okwakudingeka uhambe phezu yonke inkathi yokuphila kwakhe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezifo ezingamahlala khona. Futhi, isiguli kufanele utshele udokotela wakho mayelana imithi ukuthi iyaphoqeleka ukuba okwamanje. Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho angacela okuningi imibuzo eyengeziwe ngaphezu kwawo wonke la mazwi angenhla. Lolu lwazi kudingeka kuye ukuze aqede ngisho iphutha kancane ekukhetheni indlela yokubulala izinzwa. eziyingozi ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile nale, uma zonke izenzo ingxenye obulala izinzwa, futhi ingxenye nesineke ziye kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

izinzwa wendawo

izinzwa wendawo ezimweni eziningi akudingi ukungenela ongudokotela obulala izinzwa. Odokotela abahlinzayo bayakwazi ngokuzimela bafeze lo uhlobo izinzwa. Bamane anqamula esikhundleni imithi ukuhlinzwa.

Nge izinzwa wendawo njalo ingozi ukuthi anenombolo enganele izidakamizwa owethulwa umbundu ubuhlungu obuphatheka ngesandla. Kulokhu, ningatatazeli. Kumele ucele udokotela ukwengeza izidakamizwa.

izinzwa emgogodleni

Lapho umgogodla (umgogodla) izinzwa is injected ngqo emgogodleni. Isiguli azizwa kuphela umjovo. Ngemva lokungeniswa ngokusungula indlela yokubulala izinzwa, lonke engxenyeni engezansi ndikindiki umzimba, ngilahlekelwe yiyo yonke umuzwa.

Lolu hlobo izinzwa isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekusebenzeni phezu imilenze, Urology ukusebenza kwayo nezifo zabesifazane.

izinzwa epidural

Ngo izinzwa epidural endaweni ephakathi umsele umgogodla spinal cord ipayipi, okuyothi ingasatshenziswa amaphilisi ezinhlungu.

izinzwa Epidural ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukukhululeka ubuhlungu emshikashikeni ngokuvamile - ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngesikhathi eside emkhakheni zabesifazane kanye Urology.

Yikuphi okungcono, epidural noma ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile? Kuyinto evusa impikiswano kakhulu namuhla. Ngamunye kufanele agumenti zabo ngalolu daba.

the narcosis imaski

I izinzwa imaski noma inhalational izinzwa jikelele yethulwa emzimbeni yomoya lesiguli. Kulesi hlobo ubuthongo izinzwa alondolozwa gas ekhethekile lapho izinzwa Kondliwa buso enamathiselwe ubuso lesiguli. Isetshenziselwa omnene imisebenzi yesikhashana.

Uma usebenzisa izinzwa imaski isiguli okubaluleke - ulalele udokotela: ukuphefumula kwenza akufunayo, senze lokho akushoyo, ephendula imibuzo ebhekiswa kubo. Uma imaski izinzwa esigulini kulula ukungena ubuthongo, futhi kubelula amvuse.

phlebonarcosis

Ukuze izidakamizwa emthanjeni izinzwa ezibangela ubuthongo izidakamizwa olubangelwa nokungcebeleka, yethulwa ngqo emthanjeni wesilwane. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele nomphumela ngokushesha futhi izinga imiphumela.

izinzwa intravenous ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. He is ezivamile ekuhlinzeni classical.

ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile nge muscle multicomponent

Multicomponent lolu hlobo izinzwa okuthiwa ngoba ihlanganisa imaskhi futhi izinzwa ngomjovo. Okungukuthi, uphiko ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile esinikezwa izidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi futhi ngesimo amagesi ngokusebenzisa imigudu yokuphefumula. Lolu hlobo lwe-izinzwa ikuvumela ukuba kuzuzwe imiphumela esiphezulu.

Muscle - ukuphumula imisipha yohlaka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi kokungenela kuhlinzwa.

izinzwa Multicomponent Kunconywa imisebenzi sina futhi yesikhathi eside. Namuhla, ngaphansi izinzwa, ngakho-ke usebenza ezithweni besisu, esifubeni.

ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile. Izimo

Ngu ukusetshenziswa ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile, kukhona ezinye Izimo:

• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
• igazi kakhulu;
• isilethikusebenza;
• i-pneumonia,
• izinso oyingozi futhi isibindi;
• somoya;
• isithuthwane;
• ukwelashwa anticoagulant;
• izifo endocrine ezifana thyrotoxicosis, isifo sikashukela decompensated, isifo adrenal;
• usuthi;
• esindayo utshwala ukudakwa;
• ukungabi khona ongudokotela obulala izinzwa, nemithi ebalulekile kanye nemishini.

ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile futhi lendawo - yizici ezibalulekile kakhulu ukuhlinzwa yesimanje. Ayikho operation senzeka ngaphandle izinzwa. Kule ndaba, kumelwe ngincome imithi, ngoba wonke umuntu lingashukumisela ukushaqeka ezibuhlungu.