"Pleiad" - Umlaza zezinkondlo

Ngokwencazelo eyaziwayo yelithi semantic kwegama elithi "Umthala" kusho umphakathi ezithile abantu besizwe esisodwa inkathi nemisebenzi eyodwa. Igama avela zamaGreki. Pleiad - amadodakazi eziyisikhombisa Atlas futhi Pleione, okuyinto uZeyusi saphakanyiselwa esibhakabhakeni ziphenduka umlaza. izinkanyezi eziyisithupha bakhanya ukukhanya okukhulu, futhi enamahloni eyodwa kuphela efihla - ngoba, ngokungafani nodade zakhe ezilalelayo Bakhetha onkulunkulu abathandwa amadoda. Ngokusho izinganekwane esifanayo, abagibeli bemikhumbi yasendulo beacon yasezulwini wakhonza umlaza i-Pleiades.

Akumangazi-ke ukuthi into isikhala amakhulu amaningi eminyaka futhi zeminyaka sekuwuphawu ethandwa umculo izikhonzi. kuveza elikhanyayo Ikakhulu umlaza we Nenkabazwe atholakala belles-Ama-eReaders. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, e-BC III ekhulwini, isikole Aleksandriya zezinkondlo wazalwa. izimbongi Eziyisikhombisa, ubhekisela kulo - Homer Jr., u-Apollo, Nikander, Theocritus, Aramur, Likotron futhi Filiki - ihlelwe umbuthano ehlukile futhi bazibize "Pleiad". Lokhu kuthambekela uhlala emlandweni ka izincwadi zasendulo njengesibonelo zezinkondlo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Zeminyaka zidlulile, umlando uye okuphindaphindiwe uqobo. Phakathi Renaissance, e-1540, France yazibiza izimbongi entsha "Pleiades." Bekusikhathi zaseFrench Romanticism, nokuningi - the Craze zezinkondlo lasendulo. Iqembu izimbongi abasha, eholwa Pierre de Ronsard obungagutshuzelwe uhlelo wamavukelambuso ngempela yentuthuko izincwadi kazwelonke. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, futhi, ayengamakhulu ayisikhombisa, bayiqamba umphakathi wabo nje kuphela "Pleiad". Kwaba ngomzamo ukuvuseleleka ukunikeza umoya omusha kwezincwadi bomdabu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaba uhlobo nandaba amasiko wakudala zezinkondlo French.

Yisiphi isimiso yezimbongi "Pleiades" kusekelwe? Kwakuthinta ezishiwo indatshana Joachim du Bellay, futhi kwaba uhlobo Manifesto hhayi ukuvuseleleka, kodwa kunalokho ukudala izincwadi ezintsha. Esizukulwaneni esisha of izimbongi wabalwela okuthile ukuletha izincwadi French yesiko yevesi Alexandria yasendulo. Okunjalo isifiso babechaza ukuthi kwaba Hellenic, izinkondlo Aleksandriya iseduze ukuphelela - futhi ilunga, futhi Poetics bebonke. Ngo indatshana ngokungagwegwesi ababuthakathaka futhi impikiswano senziwa kunikina ezicashile ukuze ulimi lwendabuko: yebo, isiFulentshi kuyinto enhle, it has ikhono elikhulu, kodwa hhayi njengoba athuthukiswe njengoba isiGreki noma isiLatini, kanye ngoba idinga ukuthuthukisa. Futhi lokho indlela yentuthuko belulekwa ukukhetha "Pleiad"? Bekuyintfo efana mbumbulu abantu basendulo.

Emphakathini olusankondlo, kufakwe emihlanu - Etenn Zhodel, Jean-Antoine de Baïf, Remi Bello, Zhan Dora, ePhontu de Tyard. Ifa "Pleiades", osewaziwa kuze kube sezikhathini zanamuhla, isibe isibonelo eyaziwayo we French lyricism zothando kweqiniso futhi izinkondlo of Pierre de Ronsard kuka kokwenzeka mladoellinistov Renaissance. Kakade 70s, lapho esekhulile wabhala yobuciko yangempela, ikakhulukazi, wahlala emlandweni French izincwadi "Sonnets ngoba uHelen" - kunikezelwa uthando lwakhe lokugcina ezingenathemba. Futhi ziqukethe noluncane mbumbulu, akukho ngezilokotho nenhliziyo yakhe vesi Alexandria, kodwa kukhona kuphela ukuziphilisa, ukuhlupheka umphefumulo imbongi.

Ezinkathini zakamuva emlandweni izincwadi siye samenyezelwa maqondana igama elithi "Pleiad 'izinkondlo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu, kodwa-ke, inkulumo luyingxenye attributive izimbongi kwekhona noma omunye okuqinisekile. Ngakho, ngo-ukugxekwa yesimanje etemibhalo livame ukusetshenziswa elithi "izimbongi Pushkin Umthala", "Umthala yezimbongi esiliva" ubudala. " Kodwa lena indlela Goethe wabhala, 'ikhulu entsha -. Nezinye izinyoni "