Izincwadi Baroque - kuyini? izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala izincwadi yezobuciko. izincwadi Baroque eRussia: Izibonelo nabalobi

Baroque - kuyinto ukunyakaza kwezobuciko ukuthi yasungulwa ngasekuqaleni XVII leminyaka. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi elisho Italian "yinqaba", "ongaziwa". Lokhu kuthambekela oye wathinta izinhlobo ezahlukene yobuciko ikakhulukazi izakhiwo. Futhi yini izici isici izincwadi baraque?

Umlando omncane

Oholela isikhundla ekuphileni zezenhlalo nezombusazwe eYurophu ekhulwini lesikhombisa, yathathwa isonto. Ubufakazi balokhu - i lesikhumbuzo oluvelele bokwakha. Qinisa ngamandla ibandla kwakudingeka kube ngosizo izithombe kwezobuciko. Kudingeka into egqamile, artsy, esilawulayo nakakhulu. Yavela kanjalo-ke ohlangothini olusha kwezobuciko, okuyinto wawuyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo maphakathi ke yamasiko Europe - Italy.

Lokhu kuthambekela waqala ukuthuthukiswa yayo nezobuciko izakhiwo, kodwa kamuva lubandakanye nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko. Ababhali kanye izimbongi musa ukuhlala kude izitayela ezintsha e isiko. Wazalelwa ohlangothini olusha - izincwadi Baroque (nokugqamisa ku ilunga yesibili).

Imisebenzi baraque ayehloselwe ukukhazimulisa amandla isonto. Emazweni amaningi, le ndawo lakhiwe njengendlela uhlobo enkantolo art. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, babephawulwa izinhlobo yezobuciko. Kwakukhona izici olukhethekile lesi sitayela. Ukuthuthukiswa kunazo asebenzayo we-Baroque etholwe emazweni bamaKatolika.

izici eziyinhloko

Nezifiso yeSonto LamaKatolika yokuphazamisa yokuqinisa ukuhewula kwamandla kanye ngangokunokwenzeka ehambisana ubuciko, izici isici okwakukhona ngomusa, pomposity, ngezinye izikhathi yenza ihaba ngobubi bezinkinga imiva. Esikhathini izincwadi kuba ezidabukisayo, ukunakekela Ukwanelisa inkanuko, futhi, Isimanga siwukuthi, isimiso somzimba. Isici ehlukile yobuciko in isitayela Baroque ukuxuba i-sublime futhi lasemhlabeni.

zinhlobo

izincwadi Baroque iqoqo imisebenzi yobuciko, okungase ziqhathaniswa zakudala. Moliere, Racine futhi Corneille wadala imisebenzi yabo ngokuhambisana nemithetho eqinile. Esikhathini imisebenzi wabhala abameleli ezindaweni ezifana izincwadi baraque, kukhona izingathekiso, izimpawu, upholavuthondaba, ukushiyana kwezidalwa. Basuke izimpawu ubunjalo luyakhohlisa, ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene yokukhuluma.

izincwadi Baroque kamuva ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Marinism;
• Gongorism;
• konseptizm;
• euphuism.

Ukuzama ukuqonda izici kulezi zici akudingekile. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana yiziphi izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala kwezincwadi baraque, ngubani abamele nendlela yawo ebanzi.

sobuhle bayo Baroque

Phakathi Renaissance ezincwadini waqala ukubonisa zobuntu umqondo. Esikhundleni emhlabeni amnyama medieval waqaphela ukubaluleka ubuntu. I Ukukhanyiselwa ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni umcabango ngokwesayensi, zefilosofi futhi nomphakathi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekhona isiqondiso ezifana izincwadi yezobuciko. Kuyini lokhu? Singasho ukuthi isitayela Baroque izincwadi - uhlobo isixhumanisi inguquko. It esikhundleni Renaissance Poetics, kodwa ayizange kuphikisa yayo.

Ngesisekelo sobuhle bayo baraque - ushayisile ka imibono emibili eyahlukene. Esikhathini imisebenzi yaleli ukunyakaza kwezobuciko eyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa inkolelo kungenzeka esintu inkolelo omnipotence zezwe ezingokwemvelo. Zibonisa kokubili izidingo ngemibono futhi izinkanuko. Kuyini main theme ngemisebenzi, wadala ngaphansi kokuqondisa 'izincwadi imiklamo yobuciko "? Abalobi kungukuthi awusekele lowo umbono othile ku indima yomuntu kwi-emmangweni nasetindzaweni. imibono yabo zazisuka phakathi hedonism futhi ukuzila, wezulu nomhlaba, uNkulunkulu kanye devil. Esinye isici zezincwadi Baroque kuyinto ukubuya Motifs lasendulo.

izincwadi Baroque, izibonelo ezingasetshenziswa kubonakala hhayi kuphela e-Italy kodwa futhi iSipanishi, isiFulentshi, Polish namasiko isiRashiya, isekelwe esimisweni yokuxuba incongruous. Abalobi ukuhlanganisa emsebenzini wakhe izinhlobo ezahlukene. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukubamangaza, nasekhulwini umfundi. imidwebo Strange, izigcawu engavamile, enqwabelanisa ezihlukahlukene izithombe, inhlanganisela kwezwe nokwenkolo - zonke izici izincwadi Baroque.

umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke

Baroque akabalahli imibono neyobuntu esivela Yempucuko. Kodwa lezi imibono Uyi luhlaza ezibuhlungu. Man Baroque aminyene imicabango kuphikisane. He is ilungela ukulwa nama-inkanuko futhi isimo senhlalo amabutho.

Iphuzu elibalulekile zomhlaba Baroque kuyinto inhlanganisela sangempela kanye iplanethi, ekahle kanye lasemhlabeni. Ababhali owadala imisebenzi yabo ngale ndlela, ngokuvamile atholakala ukhangwa nokungezwani, ihaba elibi.

sici Lwangaphandle Baroque art ukuqonda ikakhulukazi yobuhle. amafomu Pretentiousness, ubukhazikhazi, ubukhazikhazi - izici isici lokhu kuthambekela.

namaqhawe

A uhlamvu ejwayelekile baraque imisebenzi umuntu enze intando eqinile, ukuhlonipheka ikhono ukucabanga ngendlela ehluzekile. Ngokwesibonelo, amaqhawe Calderon - wemidlalo iSpanishi, omunye abameleli bhá kwezincwadi Baroque - imbozwe isifiso sokuthola ulwazi, afise ukuba kwenziwe ubulungisa.

Europe

Abameleli beNdikimba izincwadi Italian Baroque - kuyinto Jacopo Sannadzoro, Tebeldeo, Tasso, Guarini. Ngo imisebenzi nalaba ababhali pretentiousness samanje, ornamentalism, igama mdlalo futhi ekhangwa izifundo basezinganekwaneni.

Omele eyinhloko izincwadi Spanish Baroque kuyinto Luis De Góngora, omunye izinhlobonhlobo isiqondiso kwezobuciko ngemva kobani okuthiwa. Okunye abameleli - UBaltasar Gracian, Alonso de Ledesma, Frntsisko de Quevedo. Mangithi ukuthi yavela e-Italy, sobuhle bayo Baroque kamuva wathola ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo e-Spain. Izici bale nhlangano etemibhalo khona futhi temibhalo yephrozi. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula adumile "Don Quixote." iqhawe Cervantes 'uhlala ngokwengxenye ezweni fantasy bona. Misadventures we Knight kobuso lusizi zifane uhambo Homeric yohlamvu. Kodwa encwadini abaseSpain umbhali elibi lamanje futhi yamahlaya.

Isikhumbuzo kwezincwadi Baroque iyona "Simplicissimus" Grimelsgauzena. Kulesi inoveli, okuyinto abantu besikhathi kungase kubonakale ome njengeqanda kancane hhayi ngaphandle yamahlaya, kubonakala sibhicongo emlandweni eJalimane, okungukuthi i-Iminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu neMpi. Maphakathi ngesakhiwo - insizwa elula, ngubani wokujikeleza engapheli futhi uhlangabezana kokubili adventure esidabukisayo futhi funny.

E-Fulansi, le nkathi bekulokhu ethandwa kakhulu "Précieuses".

EPoland izincwadi baraque emelelwa amagama ezifana Zbignev Morshtyn, Vespasianius Kohovsky, Vatslav Pototsky.

Russia

Polotsky F. Prokopovich - abameleli izincwadi Russian yezobuciko. Lokhu kuthambekela kwaba kwezinye esemthethweni umqondo. izincwadi Baroque eRussia wavezwa ikakhulukazi izinkondlo courtly, kodwa uye savela kancane ehlukile kuka emazweni Western Europe. Iqiniso liwukuthi, njengoba sazi, ama-Baroque esiye sathatha indawo Renaissance, okuyinto engekho eRussia. Ikhona inhlangano tetemibhalo, okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko, waba umehluko ambalwa kusukela isiqondiso bokubeka isiko esingokwemvelo Yenguquko.

USimeyoni ka Polotsk

Ngakho-ke sifuna enza futhi izinkondlo zakhe imiqondo ehlukene nemibono. Polotsk wanika logic of izinkondlo ngisho ezimbalwa ubungane bakhe obuseduze isayensi. Amaqoqo yemisebenzi yakhe zifane izichazamazwi encyclopedic. Imisebenzi yakhe ikakhulu enikelwe ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo.

Yini izinkondlo zinezimo kumfundi wanamuhla? Yiqiniso, kamuva. Yini imnandi indoda Russian - izincwadi Baroque noma Isiliva Age? Cishe, lona wamuva. Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Gumilev ... Creation, okwadala Polotsk, ongalichaza injabulo ukwethula abathandi izinkondlo. Lo mlobi wabhala uchungechunge izinkondlo, moralizing uhlamvu. Niyabona kubo namuhla kunzima ngenxa yobuningi yisikhathi amafomu nemithetho yolimi nendlela archaisms. "Kumuntu a vinopiytsa byashe" - umusho, value ukuthi akubona bonke baqonde wesimanje yethu.

izincwadi Baroque, kanye nobunye ubuciko kule isitayela, amathuluzi customizable imiva Ukukhetha svobodu. Imisebenzi kukhona izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ngokuvamile yokungabaza samanje kubangelwa zokuqiniseka namandla womuntu nebandla zangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokuqaphela impermanence zomhlaba ngokuhlanganiswa isifiso ukuba banqobe bomnotho. Ngosizo etemibhalo kwenziwa imizamo yokwazi umqondo ephakeme, ukuqonda indawo yomuntu kwi-nobukhulu bendawo yonke.

I Baroque isitayela kwaba umkhiqizo izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Ngezinye izikhathi esizicabangelayo njengezaba umzamo ukubuyisela umhlaba ephakathi. Nokho, lesi sitayela unendawo ebalulekile emlandweni izincwadi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba kwaba isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa ngaphezulu Amathrendi yamuva.