Okuphansi carbon steel: ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo

Okuphansi carbon steel kuyinto ikuyo yonke indawo. ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kusekelwe ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo izakhiwo kanye eziphansi. Lokhu ingxubevange kabanzi lisetshenziswe umkhakha nokwakhiwa. Ake sicabangele lolu hlobo steel.

isakhiwo

Steel - yensimbi ahlanganiswe carbon enqubeni yokuncibilikisa ithusi. Ukuze carbon ejwayelekile liyancibilika khona carbon, okuyinto inquma izakhiwo eziyisisekelo kwensimbi, futhi ukungcola: phosphorus (kufika ku 0,07%), i-silicon (0.35%), i-sulphur (kufika ku 0,06%), manganese (kufika ku 0.8% ). Ngakho, ongaphakeme-carbon steel iqukethe hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0.25% carbon. Ngokuqondene nezinye izithasiselo, manganese ne-silicon kukhona deoxidation (i-oksijini ukususwa kusuka kwensimbi ezibunjiwe, esehlisa brittleness ngesikhathi ukusonteka ashisayo). Kodwa iphesenti anda sulphur kungaholela ngokuhlaziya of the ingxubevange phakathi kwenqubo ezishisayo phosphorus - at abandayo.

Izindlela ukulungiswa

Ukukhiqizwa ongaphakeme-carbon ingxubevange kungenziwa ukubola zibe izigaba eziningana: ukulayisha esithandweni, kanye zensimbi (icala), umthelela ezishisayo isimo ukuncibilika, ukususwa mass ukungcola konke ngokuhuheka. Ngokulandelayo, ekubunjweni kungenzeka steel noma ukwelashwa eyengeziwe: slag noma cleaner bese kuthi amagesi inert.

Kubulawa lezi izinqubo ngezindlela ezintathu yilezi:

• Vula kwemizi amaziko. Imishini ezivamile. Inqubo ukuncibilika senzeka kungakapheli amahora ambalwa, okuvumela ukuqapha izinga lawo amalabhorethri kwengoma.
• Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows kuhhavini. Ikhishwa uthule umoya-mpilo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Alloys etholwe ngale ndlela akuzona high ngoba aqukethe isamba emikhulu amanyela.
• Futhi lokungeniswa amaziko. Inqubo ukukhiqizwa usebenzisa slag. Ngale ndlela, eliphezulu futhi Alloys ekhethekile.

Cabangela izici Ukwahlukaniswa Alloys.

izinhlobo

Okuphansi carbon steel bungabi ezintathu izinhlobo:

• izinga esijwayelekile. Okuqukethwe nesibabule Alloys enjalo ingeqi 0,06%, i-phosphorus 0,07%.
• Ikhwalithi. Ephambi kwezinduna ukwakheka: kufika 0.04% sulphur, kuze 0,035% phosphorus.
• Ikhwalithi ephezulu. Okuqukethwe isibabule ukuze 0,025% phosphorus kuze kube 0,025%
• izinga Special. Okuqukethwe ongaphakeme amanyela: kufika 0,015% sulphur, phosphorus - 0,025%.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ezincane ukungcola, ngcono ikhwalithi ingxubevange. Ezintsha Steel GOST 380-94 izinga abavamile namanje zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• A. kunqunywa impahla yayo lokukhanda. Ifomu kwezidingo kumthengi uvame ezitholakala ngesimo imikhiqizo multidisciplinary futhi ishidi.
• B. izinkomba Key - ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye izakhiwo. Optimum mechanical umthelela ingcindezi ngaphansi isici ezishisayo (ekwakheni, nginyathela).
• B. Ngoba lezi zinhlobo Alloys izakhiwo ezinjalo: lobuchwepheshe, zobuchwepheshe, ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwengoma.

Ngu inqubo deoxidation ensimbi uhlukaniswe:

• Calm. inqubo solidification senzeka ngokuthula. Amagesi nge inqubo esinjalo esabiwe. Ukuncipha kwenzeka phakathi ingot.
• Semikilled. ESigabeni leSisemkhatsini steel uhlobo ukubila phakathi ezolile futhi izingoma.
• Abilayo. Solidification kwenzeka nge gas kwemvelo. Piping ezifihlakele hlobo.

izakhiwo Key

Okuphansi carbon steel libhekene ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu, it is kalula zikhubazekile esimweni abandayo nasesikhathini ashisayo. Isici esiphawulekayo lokhu ingxubevange kuyinto weldability ezinhle. Kuye izakhiwo steel izakhi ezengeziwe zingahluka. Ngokuvamile, ongaphakeme-carbon Alloys asetshenziswa uma kwakhiwa noma umkhakha. Lokhu kungenxa amanani aphansi futhi okuhle amandla izakhiwo. Lokhu ingxubevange libizwa kwesakhiwo. I izakhiwo ongaphakeme-carbon steel ufakwe ku ilebula. Ngezansi sizobheka izici zayo.

kophawu Izici

steel ejwayelekile omnene has a CT incwadi ukuqokwa digital. Inamba kumele zihlukaniswe 100, kuyobe kuqondwe iphesenti carbon okuqukethwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ST15 (0.15% carbon).

Cabanga wokugubha bese wokufunda izimpawu:

• Uhlamvu lokuqala noma itlhogeko elikushoyo fanele kuze lo noma njengeqembu. Kungenzeka uB noma uC Uma kungekho incwadi ke i ingxubevange kungokwalabo esigabeni A.
• Cm lisho ukuthini igama elithi "steel".
• izimpawu Digital - ngekhodi iphesenti carbon.
• kp, ps - lisho abilayo noma ingxubevange semikilled. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukuqokwa ubonisa ukuthi steel wabulala (cn).
• Futhi isiqu esithi incwadi ngemva digital ukuveza noma yikuphi ukungcola kufakwe ukwakheka amaphesenti abo. Ngokwesibonelo, T - manganese, Yu - aluminium, F - vanadium.

incwadi isiqu esithi "St" ku wokugubha ungacimi eliphezulu ephansi carbon steel. Futhi, isiqu umbala sisetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carbon ongaphakeme steel grade 10 mhlophe. Steel izinjongo ezikhethekile kungenzeka okhonjiswe izinhlamvu ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, "K" - isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa okokubilisa; USAWOTI - esetshenziswa okwenza imoto enama-asi, njll ...

imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa

Kunamaqembu amaningi imikhiqizo steel:

• Ishidi steel. Zenyathi: iphuma (GOST 19903-74) asongwe (GOST 19904-74), wideband (GOST 8200-70), emapheshana (GOST 103-76) kuyinto lukathayela (GOST 8568-78)
• amaphrofayli Angled. Equilateral (GOST 8509-93), ukungalingani (GOST 8510-86).
• Iziteshi (GOST 8240-93).
• I-imishayo. I-ugongolo abavamile (GOST 8239-89), mina-ugongolo, wide- (GOST 26020-83, STO AISU 20-93).
• Inqawe.
• flooring profiled.

Ukuze lolu hlu engeza izigaba yesibili, okuyinto akhiwa Welding umsebenzi ngomshini.

Fields of kwesicelo

Inkambu ukusetshenziswa ongaphakeme carbon steel kabanzi futhi kuncike wokugubha:

• Cm 0, 1, 3Gsp. Kabanzi ukwakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, wire yokugcizelela ensimbi omnene,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08U. Okuhle Ngomsebenzi isibhakela kanye nekudvweba abandayo (plasticity okusezingeni eliphezulu). Zisetshenziswa embonini yezimoto: zomzimba, nophethiloli amathangi, ohlobo, izingxenye izakhiwo ashiselwe.
• 10, 15 asetshenziselwa izingxenye ezingenziwanga ngaphansi imithwalo eliphezulu. Amaphayiphi boilers, isibhakela, couplings, amabhawodi, ngezikulufo.
• 18kp. isicelo ejwayelekile - ukwakhiwa, okuyinto eyenziwa ngosizo Welding.
• 20, 25. It is kabanzi womshini yasibamba izinto. Couplings, valve tappets, ozimele kanye nezinye izingxenye imishini yezolimo.
• 30, 35. I-eksisi lapho umthwalo incane, sprockets, amagiya nokunye. D.
• 40, 45, 50. Yokuxhumana uhlangabezana umthwalo isilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, crankshafts, ngomshikisho akwazi ukugcina.
• 60-85. Izingxenye kuncike load yakho iphezulu kakhulu. Kungaba komzila amasondo ujantshi ngoba Cranes, iziphethu, washers.

Njengoba singabona, ekhiqizwa nohlu olubanzi - kuyinto ephansi carbon steel wire hhayi kuphela. Iphinde imininingwane izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

ingxubevange okuphansi kanye ongaphakeme-carbon steel: umehluko

Ukuze ungeze ngcono yanoma yimuphi izici ingxubevange izakhi alloying. Lezinsimbi eziqukethe Cheb inani eliphansi carbon (kufika ku amaphesenti ikota) kanye dopants (iphesenti Imininingwane - 4%) abizwa ngokuthi ongaphakeme elixutshiwe. rolling okunjalo igcina eliphezulu weld izinga, kodwa izakhiwo ezahlukene zithuthukiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla, anticorrosion ukusebenza nokunye. Ngokuvamile, zombili izinhlobo asetshenziswa izakhiwo eziphothene ukuthi kumelwe ukumelana izinga lokushisa uhla kusuka lokususa 40 plus 450 degrees Celsius.

Welding Izici

Zokushisela carbon lezinsimbi anezinga eliphezulu. Zokushisela uhlobo, electrode ukushuba yabo kuyakhethwa esekelwe idatha yomsebenzi osizayo alandelayo:

• Egcekeni kumelwe nakanjani siyomiswa eziboshiwe.
• Kufanele kube khona ezivuzayo zamehlo.
• Ukwakheka amakhemikhali weld ukuba kwenziwe amazinga ngokuhambisana licaciswe ku GOST.
• uxhumano ashiselwe kumele bahlangabezane izimo zokusebenza (vibration ukumelana, ukucindezeleka mechanical, izinga lokushisa umbuso).

Kube lingasetshenziswa ahlukahlukene izinhlobo Welding kusukela igesi Welding nebhoduluko carbon dioxide electrode consumable. Uma acabangele ukukhethwa fusibility okusezingeni eliphezulu ephansi carbon futhi ephansi ingxubevange.

Ngokuphathelene ngqo ubanzi, ongaphakeme-carbon steel isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kanye ne-engineering. Steel grade ikhethwa esekelwe okukhipha edingekayo Izakhiwo futhi amakhemikhali. Ukuba khona izakhi alloying kungathuthukisa impahla eyodwa (ukumelana ukugqwala, okushisa), kodwa futhi zilulaza abanye. weldability Good - enye inzuzo Alloys ezinjalo.

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi umkhiqizo ziphansi-carbon futhi ephansi ingxubevange steel.