Ayini amandla esisheshayo? Esisheshayo amandla isinxephezelo. Ukubalwa amandla esisheshayo

Amafulethi nasemakhaya abo, imitha elilodwa ugesi ifakiwe, phezu okuyinto ukubala zokukhokha amandla aphele. Kalula ayekholelwa ukuthi ukuphila isetshenziswa kuphela ingxenye yayo iyasebenza, nakuba kungenjalo. izindlu Modern ayegcwele amadivayisi, izifunda esesikhundleni izakhi shift isigaba. Nokho, amandla esisheshayo, okuyinto ngezikweletu zikagesi, incane kakhulu kunaleyo embonini, ngakho ngokuvamile dengwane ukubala yenkokhelo.

Plant noma ifektri, okuyinto ukuphathwa engalandeli ukugeleza imisinga yisinanakazana edabula wesifunda umthwalo, enza umonakalo omkhulu kuya izinhlelo zamandla esifundeni kanye nasezweni lonke. yalutho emoyeni evuthayo emhlabeni umugqa amandla ukudluliswa; emazombezombe transformers ukufakwa ezincane, ayikwazi ukumelana imithwalo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezimatasa.

Layisha exhasa futhi capacitive

Uma sithatha heater ezivamile noma ingilazi yesibani, amandla elicacisiwe amalebula abafanele ku umfuma noma plate-plate, kumelwe ilingane umkhiqizo anamuhla egeleza ngedivayisi, futhi voltage (kithi 220 volts). Isimo sishintshe uma idivayisi yakhiwa transformer, ezinye izakhi ehlanganisa inductors, noma capacitors. Lezi zingxenye babe anezakhi ezikhethekile, igrafu zamanje ogeleza wabo ngemuva noma ngaphambi wave sine supply voltage - ngamanye amazwi, i-shift isigaba kwenzeka. Ideal capacitive umthwalo Vector amashifu by -90 futhi exhasa - +90 degrees. Lokukhipha kuleli cala iba yi hhayi kuphela umsebenzi lamanje voltage, iphuzu ukulungiswa sengezwe. Yini-ke umphumela walokho kuphulukisa?

Geometric inqubo reflection

Esikoleni geometry Yiqiniso sonke siyazi ukuthi hypotenuse lungaphezu kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlangothi ezimbili unxantathu wesokudla. Uma amandla asebenzayo, esisheshayo futhi sobala yakha uhlangothi lwalo, imisinga sokudliwa kwekhoyili isitsha kuyoba ngasikhathi engeli ilungelo ingxenye resistive, kodwa iziqondiso oluyi. Uma wengeza (noma, uma uthanda, ukukhupha, bona raznoznakovye) amagugu okuholela vector, okusho amandla egcwele esisheshayo, kuye ngokuthi yini nohlobo umthwalo owandile isikimu izodluliselwa phezulu noma phansi. Esiqondisweni sakhe kungenziwa yahlulelwe, yini nohlobo umthwalo owandile.

amandla esisheshayo ngenxa Vector kwalokho esemazweni asebenzayo wayenikeza Inani eliphelele amandla ukusetshenziswa. It imidwebo ifanekiselwa hypotenuse amandla unxantathu. Lapho lo mugqa kuyoba eziyize isihlobo esihle x-axis, ngcono.

cos phi

Igrafu ebonisa ukuthi i-engeli φ ezakhiwe zithwala ezimbili, amandla ngokuphelele futhi esebenzayo. Than amagugu zabo zazihluke kancane ngcono, kodwa ukuqeda Fusion kuvimbela amandla esisheshayo, okuyinto kubhekwa kwalo. Ukwanda kwe-angela, ayanda umthwalo phezu umugqa amandla, Uphakamisa uphinde wehlise amandla uhlelo Transformers, futhi Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-asondeze zithwala sithambekele nomunye, kuyancipha izintambo evuthayo kulo iketanga. Kungokwemvelo ukuba le nkinga into okudingeka ukwenze. Futhi ikhambi utholakale, elula nenhle. I isinxephezelo mutual amandla esisheshayo kunganciphisa φ engela futhi esondele cosine (obizwa nangokuthi amandla isici) unit. Ukuze lokhu kufanele luhlanganise Vector capacitive ingxenye ukuze sifinyelele zamanje resonance, lapho "ucime" nomunye (kuhle ngokuphelele, kodwa umkhuba - ngendlela enkulu).

Theory kanye umkhuba

Zonke izibalo theory sinokubaluleka, aba maningi zingabantu esebenzayo umkhuba. Ukudweba kunoma iyiphi isitshalo zezimboni athuthukile ezilandelayo: iningi amandla sokudliwa motor (zokuvumelanisa, indlela, owodwa isigaba, ezintathu okhombisa), kanye neminye imishini. Kodwa kukhona transformers. Isiphetho ilula: endaweni yangempela ukukhiqizwa imvelo ubuswa esisheshayo amandla exhasa nemvelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabhizinisi ukusungula imitha ezingaphezu kweyodwa ugesi njengoba izindlu zokuhlala, futhi ezimbili, enye yazo iyasebenza, futhi enye - ungakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi iyiphi. Futhi overruns ize "nokulwela ukufica" kanye imizila emizimbeni amandla kagesi elihambisana waphakamisela wahlawuliswa ukuze ekuphathweni ibaluleke nesithakazelo eqinisweni, ukubala amandla esisheshayo futhi athathe izinyathelo ukunciphisa ke. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngaphandle capacitance hhayi ukuphatha ukuxazulula le nkinga.

Isinxephezelo theory

Kusukela igrafu ngenhla kuyacaca indlela ukufezekisa nokwehlisa imisinga yisinanakazana kuze kube ukuqedwa kwabo okuphelele, okungenani theory. Ukuze wenze lokhu ngokulinganisa ne exhasa umthwalo capacitor zihlanganisa abafanele capacitance amagugu. I zithwala ku kwalokho uyonika zero, futhi kuyoba khona kuphela ingxenye esebenzayo ewusizo.

Ukubala senziwa ngokusho ifomula:

• C = 1 / (2πFX), lapho X - i-reactance ingqikithi wonke amadivayisi kufakwe inethiwekhi; F - voltage imvamisa (esinayo - 50 Hz);

Kubonakala sengathi - yini lula? Phindaphinda «X» futhi nenombolo "pi" 50 YEBO. Nokho, konke iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho.

Futhi umkhuba?

Ifomula ilula, kodwa ukuze abone abuye abale X akulula kangako. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha yonke idatha emayelana amadivaysi, funda reactance zabo, futhi ifomu vector, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi ... Eqinisweni, akekho azinjalo, ngaphandle abafundi umsebenzi laboratory.

Thola amandla esisheshayo kungaba ngenye indlela, ngosizo idivayisi ekhethekile - imitha isigaba, okubonisa amandla isici, noma ngokuqhathanisa Ukufundwa amandla imitha, ammeter futhi voltmeter.

Nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ngempela inqubo ukukhiqizwa umthwalo kushintsha njalo, njengoba abanye imishini operation afakiwe, kuyilapho ezinye ziba inqanyuliwe kunethiwekhi, njengoba kudingwa amasheduli omkhiqizo. Ngakho, izinyathelo ezidingekile unomphela ukuqapha isimo. Phakathi ebusuku egijima izibani, ebusika ezitolo kungase kube Ukushisa emoyeni, futhi ehlobo - Ukupholisa yayo. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa esisheshayo amandla isinxephezelo senziwa ngesisekelo izibalo theory ngezinga eliphezulu kokulinganisela esisebenzayo cos φ.

Ukuxhuma nokunqamula capacitors

Indlela elula futhi esobala kunazo zonke yokuxazulula inkinga - ukutshala eduze isigaba imitha isisebenzi ezikhethekile owayezolubonisa Kunika amandla noma kukhubaza inombolo oyifunayo capacitors, ekufezeni inani lemali elincane ukuphambuka kusuka ubunye umcibisholo. Ngakho ekuqaleni ngenzile, kodwa umkhuba luveza ukuthi isici womuntu eziyihlazo akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Kunoma ikuphi, le isinxephezelo kwamandla esisheshayo, esesikhundleni ikakhulukazi exhasa, uxhumano kagesi senziwa okuhambisanayo capacitance amagugu, kodwa ukukwenza kangcono mode okuzenzakalelayo, noma isisebenzi budedengu kungaletha ibhizinisi bomdabu ngaphansi emihle emikhulu. Nalapha futhi, abasebenzi abanamakhono lakhe lingeke ladalulwa, kuba impela amenable ukuba ezishintshayo. Isikimu elula kuhlanganisa optical electron pair of i emitter futhi isamukeli ukukhanya. Umcibisholo ivinjiwe inani eliphansi - ke udinga ukwengeza umthamo.

Automation nohlakaniphe algorithm

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo tinhlelo endzaweni lefanele kute ngokuphephile ubambe cos φ ku ezahlukene 0.9 kuya 1. Njengoba uxhumano capacitors kuzo senzeka discretely, umphumela ephelele awutholakali, kodwa umphumela kwezomnotho othomathikhi amandla esisheshayo compensator namanje unikeza ezinhle kakhulu. Ukusebenza nale divayisi algorithm ezihlakaniphile ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngisho ngaphandle izilungiselelo ezengeziwe. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe e ubuchwepheshe bama-computer yenza sikwazi ukufeza uxhumano umfaniswano zonke izigaba capacitor amabhange ukuze ugweme ukuhluleka kwesikhathi esisodwa noma ezimbili. Impendulo isikhathi nayo lincishisiwe kanye inductors ezengeziwe ukunciphisa ubukhulu voltage iconsi ngesikhathi transients. Modern ukulawula ibhodi iIgama ine isakhiwo esifanele ergonomic, okuyinto kudala izimo ukuhlola okusheshayo isimo opharetha, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ukubhidliza, uyakwamukeliswa alamu ngokushesha. Intengo Ekhabetheni eside enjalo, kodwa ukuze ukhokhele kuwufanele inzuzo ehambisana nako.

kudivayisi compensator

Common esisheshayo amandla compensator kuyinto ekhabetheni zensimbi ngosayizi ojwayelekile nge ukutjheja kanye control panel on the front panel, ngokuvamile ivulekile. Ezansi it has iqoqo capacitors (ibhethri). Leli lungiselelo kungenxa ifilosofi elula: capacitances abasakwazi esindayo, futhi kuyisifiso ngempela okunengqondo ukwenza isakhiwo uzinze ngokwengeziwe. Ngo engxenyeni engenhla nehlo ka-opharetha, kukhona amadivaysi control kudingeka, kuhlanganise inkomba isigaba, esingakwazi ukwahlulela ubukhulu namandla isici. Kukhona ukubonisa ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-alamu, izakhi lokulawula (ukushintsha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe, ukushintshela kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo, nokunye.). Ukuhlola nokumadanisa ukufundwa of the izinzwa wokulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa yezenzo lokulawula (ukuxhuma oyifunayo capacitor ngokulinganisa) wesifunda wenza, base kuyinto microprocessor. Actuators usebenze ngokushesha futhi buthule, bavame ukuba eyakhelwe thyristors amandla.

Ukubala silinganisiwe capacitor amabhange

A amabhizinisi elincane uchungechunge amandla esisheshayo kungenziwa cishe wehlulelwa nenani lamadivayisi axhumene ngokuhambisana ezinezici isigaba-kwethunzi. Ngakho, esiku motor indlela (main "plodder" izimboni kanye izitshalo) ngesikhathi umthwalo elilingana kwesigamu walo amandla wazikala has cos φ, ilingana 0,73, futhi luminaire - 0.5. Sepharamitha contact Welding apharathasi zokhahlamba kusuka 0.8 kuya 0.9, arc esithandweni usebenza nge-cosine φ, ilingana 0.8. Amathebula atholakale cishe zonke amandla ezinkulu, aqukethe idatha zonke izinhlobo imishini industrial, futhi pre-ukufakwa esisheshayo amandla isinxephezelo kungaba kwenziwe ukuzisebenzisa. Nokho, lezi idatha ukunikeza kuphela isizinda phezu kwayo kubalulekile ukwenza izinguquko ngokungeza kumbe ukhupha amabhange capacitor.

kuzwelonke

Kungase futhi kunikeze umuzwa wokuthi wonke ukunakekelwa supply voltage umthwalo ngokulinganayo ku esimweni sakhe babeka izimboni kanye nezinye amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Lena akuyona ngakho. Amandla uhlelo ilawula shift isigaba ezingeni ezifundazweni, ngakwesokudla ophumayo kwezimpahla amandla ayo ekhethekile. Enye inkinga ukuthi isinxephezelo esemazweni esisheshayo akuyona izuzwe ngokuxhuma capacitor amabhange, kanye enye indlela. Ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi enikeziwe amandla abathengi Windings Rotor kuyinto adjustable ukuchema kuzo zamanje okungukuthi ugesi zokuvumelanisa akuyona inkinga enkulu.