Swedish Tank Battle: Ukubuyekeza imifanekiso nezincazelo

Ukungena okukodwa wokuzibusa khona oyisibopho amabutho akhe ahlomile. Ibutho yiliphi izwe ihlukaniswe ezindaweni eziningana eziyinhloko, okuwukuthi, Air Force, Marine amabutho kanye ngamasosha ahamba. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Army compulsorily igcwaliswe ukwehlukana armored, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuqaliswa emikhulu imisebenzi yezempi. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa imoto enjalo lempi, ithangi Swedish. Mayelana naye ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Imininingwane zomlando

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala awuzange elahlekile phezu Amasosha IsiSwidi ngomqondo wokuthi basuke ngokucophelela ubukele izimoto armored wafuna izindlela ezahlukene nesimanje ibutho laso. Ekuqaleni, abaseSweden wayefuna ukuthenga ethangini British sesifundo somuntu yayo enemininingwane, kodwa ekugcineni umbono sinqatshiwe ngoba ukuphathwa Swedish unqume ukuthi kunani ibiza kakhulu (kroons 40 000).

ukukhwabanisa German

tank wokuqala yaseSweden kwaba ugandaganda. Uma uthi nhlá, kuzwakala silly, kodwa ezicashe imishini yezolimo eJalimane ngemva kokunqotshwa empini yaseSweden ithengiswe 10 amathangi yayo LK-II. Kulokhu, umshini ilethwa unassembled, ibandla lokugcina amathangi wenziwa inhlabathi Swedish. Eyokuqala kakhulu ukulwa imoto yabuthelwa Scandinavians ngo-Ephreli 1922, futhi amayunithi eziyishumi Agasti on uqaphile. In autumn 1924, amathangi Swedish abizwa M / 21.

sesimanje

Phakathi neminyaka engu-1924-1925 ku le mishini, ucwaningo yayiqhutshelwa ukufaka iziteshi zomsakazo. Zonke amathangi 10 ababekhona, "ebhukwinitifundvo kuqala" ukuze Swedish onjiniyela lempi yonke umkhakha. Ngo-1929, omunye in the ukulwa zalamaqembu.I yathuthukiswa: Bafaka Swedish Scania Vabis 1554 izinjini, amandla ngamunye okwakukhona 85 amahhashi (Analogue German waba 56 hp ..).

Umbono we-General Abasebenzi

Ngo-1928, uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi yamemezela nezimfuneko Hammarskjold ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba athobele ithangi Swedish:

• firepower Optimum (ezimbili izibhamu umshini kanye nesibhamu kumele ukufakwa umshini).
• Excellent unqamule izwe by endaweni (okungenani 10 km / h endaweni emangelengele futhi okungenani 20 km / h emgwaqeni evamile).
• Zempi kumele bavikelwe umlilo inganono osezingeni 37 mm.
• Isisindo ethangini kumele singeqi amathani 12, ukuze idlule amabhuloho ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

inikeza onjiniyela

Ngokushesha eziningi imiklamo ezivela ezinkampanini ezahlukene ithunyelwe. Ikakhulukazi Mogårdshammarstridsvagnen ithangi siphakamisiwe e samuntu lesithupha, phakathi obekukhona kuwo umshini endaweni kokuba wesitimela ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Nokho, lo msebenzi engakaze athuthukile ngenxa yokufa umsunguli walo.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, inkampani "Landsverk" ahlinzekwa yakhe Swedish ithangi STRV ngokuthi L-5. Wayefanele ikghono noma amathrekhi, futhi ngokuqondile lishiye amasondo ngokushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu. Izikhali kwaba osezingeni 37 mm inganono futhi ezimbili izibhamu. Nokho, ngoba ubuthakathaka kakhulu incwadi umshini ezingamelana nezinselele umlilo izibhamu.

Inkathi 1930

Lokhu ithangi Swedish ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga, kodwa ekugcineni yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukukhiqizwa kwe izimoto ngo-1930, L-30 - ithangi isondo-zilandelwa. Lokhu nezempi wakwazi ukubonisa kakhulu ijubane izici ngesikhathi ngezilingo 1931. Nge isisindo ukulwa ka 11.500 kg, ithangi amathrekhi ku yashesha kuya 35 km / h, kanti RV - 75 km / h.

Ngemva kwalokho, amathangi Swedish engu-30 wathola kuphela isibungu. Amasondo wenqaba. Imoto ethandwa kakhulu wathola L-10, akhiwe "Landsverk". Babefanele amaloli amabili, ngamunye ephethe ezinamasondo ezimbili ukwesekwa ukuwo. Futhi, ezinamasondo eyenziwa amabili kwadingeka band zenjoloba. Izinqola Ezinombhobho efanayo emhlanganweni ubakaki zigxilé phansi sikebhe uhlangothi futhi ube cushioning. I zempi okuqondile umshini uyalingana 24 mm. Kusukela izingalo emshinini kwadingeka projectile 37 mm Cannon "Bofors" ekhiqizwa lapho ibanga kwamamitha angu-300 edlule u-42 mm uthayela, ne ibanga 1000 m - 28 mm ishidi. Kwakukhona isibhamu 6.5 mm ubukhulu.

Ngo-1934, "Landsverk" ahlinzekwa imiklamo ezimbili ezintsha ukuze uthole enye i-Armed Forces: ithangi L-100, okuyinto kwadingeka kancane isisindo sazo, futhi lwenzelwe kwesimo endaweni, kanye L-60 - indlalifa L-10, okuyinto ekuqaleni obekumele ukuthi bathunyelwe, futhi ngoba ibutho isiSwidi uthenge ezimbalwa zokuqala yale mishini kuphela ngo-1937. Tank L-60 eneminyaka engu-15 mm inganono othomathikhi nezikhali 20 mm ubukhulu.

Ngo-1939-ke iye yamukelwa Tank M-39, ifakwe isibhamu semi-automatic "Bofors" nge ububanzi 37 mm kanti amabili izibhamu. Umbhoshongo waba nomklamo omusha.

Inkathi 1940

Uma sicabangela Swedish amathangi Second neMpi Yezwe, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yentuthuko ithangi Sweden ngesikhathi nomthelela isipiliyoni wezempi isiJalimane, okwaphoqa abaseSweden ukuba bayihlole kabusha imibono yakhe amabutho ithangi iyonke.

Ngo-1942, lolu hlelo sivunyiwe eSweden, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa Armed Forces nokunikeza ukusungulwa brigades ezintathu zempi. In ngamunye kubo kwakufanele abe Battalion ezimbili. Inombolo ephelele izimoto ukulwa bezingaphansi amayunithi 315 sokukhanya 228 esindayo.

Swedish ithangi ukukhanya m / 40k kwaba omunye ethandwa kakhulu ibutho kuleli zwe zaseScandinavia. Imoto lithole ukumiswa kwagcizelela nezinjini ngokukhiphayo 160 amahhashi. ukubhuka Frontal wayeneminyaka engu-50 mm kanti bead - 20 mm. Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi abaseSweden wakwazi ukuthola kusukela ukudluliswa German mechanical, ezifana nalezo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza ku m / 39.

amathangi legatsha Swedish m / 41 laye wayethe kwagcizelela zempi phambi futhi izingxenye aft. Umbhoshongo laliyisakhiwo lula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zempi namandla kakhulu. Zonke izinguquko ezihlelekile uholé yokuthi onjiniyela kwadingeka ukuba ukwandisa ubude izindlu kuya 65 mm nokunyusa umthamo uphethiloli ithangi (kusuka 190 kuya 230 amalitha). Futhi kubhekwe ukuthi kungenzeka usebenzisa umklamo ezingcono sikebhe ashiselwe kanye turret, kodwa kwanqunywa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa Ukukubika kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi ekugcineni lo mbono yashiywa dengwane.

amathangi Swedish m / 42 ibe nesisindo elilingana amathani 22.5. Amatilosi ezine. amasu Okuhlezi emqondweni njengoba izingalo kwadingeka 75-mm twin inganono osezingeni machine gun, futhi ezimbili 8 mm. I isibhamu sesithathu ogibele kulungiselelwa Yiqiniso. Futhi turret bezinhlamvu basuke eziphothene ndawonye abe umumo ovikelekile. Nomdeni ukusebenzisa izingxenye olubunjiwe e engaphelele ingxenye. Zempi imoto safinyelela 55 mm (ezinye imithombo bathi lesi sibalo lathinta ngisho 80 mm). Engine kanye ne-transmission enziwa izinguqulo eziningana, okuyinto basuke besithole ngokuyisimangaliso lesi ezifanele ikhodi enezinhlamvu ezimbili. onobuhle Early amathangi ayenendawo ezimbili ngamandla uhlelo ephethe namandla 325 amahhashi futhi kwadingeka ibhukwana ukuwudlulisa ubuxhakaxhaka obuzisebenzela control. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile imoto waqala ukukhiqiza omoya othomathikhi ngamunye izinjini. Ngemva kwesikhashana amathangi waqala ukukhiqiza owodwa injini ekhiqizwa "Volvo", amandla lapho, ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, zifike 380 kuya 410 amahhashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona indawo futhi automatic transmission osekuvele obumbene.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo umehluko lobuchwepheshe, yonke amathangi m / 42 ezifanayo isivinini ukunyakaza - 42 km / h.

Endaweni ehlukile, onobuhle eziningana eziye eqoqwe izinduna, masampuli wahlomisa ngokukhethekile nge transceiver asizayo kokuba Lidlulisela 70-watt. Wanikwa endaweni exchange angaphandle izibhamu ukufakwa, owathatha ngemva izinga isiqu izakhiwo acatshangelwe.

Esikhathini inkathi 1944-1945 main yesiteleka amandla IsiSwidi amabutho armored zaba m / 42 umshini. Lezi amathangi Swedish, isithombe ngezansi, kunathi ababengaphambi zabo ezingalweni, futhi ukusatshalaliswa nezisebenzi imisebenzi. Kodwa, naphezu kwayo yonke le, phakathi kuka-1944, lo mkhuba kwaba phansi rankings amathangi medium ngesisekelo ekhona ke amazinga emhlabeni. barreled isibhamu 75 mm ububanzi kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe ngempela kahle ngenxa ongaphakeme Isivinini kokuqala indiza udibi ukubhoboza projectile. Ukuze lokhu kufanele wanezela, futhi izinkinga kuyindaba ebalulekile nge nokwethenjelwa: chassis ngokushesha aluphala, ogcwele kakhulu Ukujikeleza indlela, wenqaba ukudluliswa electromechanical.

Thayipha wezikhali self ezinezinjini

Ngo-September 1941, inhloko-Army ivume isidingo sokuthuthukisa kanye ukukhiqizwa izibhamu self ezinezinjini. Kakade ekuqaleni kuka-1942, ukuhlolwa kwe-ukufakwa prototype ku ethangini chassis m / 38 osezingeni isibhamu nge 74 mm luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa isiqondiso ethembisa kakhulu.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe kwaveza ukuthi elikhulu kakhulu kwaba m / 41 chassis. Ngo-March 1943, waqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezibhamu self ezinezinjini nge m isibhamu osezingeni 75 mm / 02. Ngawo lowo nyaka isivivinyo Pav m / imishini 43 sezenziwe, eyabonisa ukuthi okungcono kungase kutholakale 105mm howitzer.

Ngo-1944, izibhamu self ezinezinjini bathunjelwa inkonzo imakwe Sav m / 43. Lezi imishini ezibolekwe chassis m / 41 SII, endaweni turret ukusika amabhokisi yafakwa, ifakwe zempi frontal 50 mm obukhulu. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe amathuluzi wakhuthaza isibhamu kanye ububanzi of 75 mm. Nokho, kusukela ngo-1945, saqala ukushintsha ubukhulu 105 mm. Combat Kit kwaba 43 badutshulwe. Ukuze isetshenziswe njengoba isikhali lokushaya ACS anisondelanga, ngoba wayengaselona isibhamu kanye nokuvikelwa edingekayo ngokumelene anti-tank izibhamu.

ngemva kwempi

amathangi Swedish esindayo waqala ukuba athuthukiswe ngo-1949. Project ukwakha imishini esindayo futhi enamandla KRV wathola cipher. Umgomo oyinhloko umsebenzi kwaba ukwakha ithangi ukulwa esindayo isisindo eyayizoba amathani 40-45.

Ekuqaleni, njengoba izibhamu okuyiyona kubhekwe 105, 120 no-155 mm. 155 mm ubukhulu inganono kwaba ezithakazelisa kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo wakwenqaba. Emuva kokuchitha ukuhlaziywa ezithile, amasosha ukhethe i-120-mm isibhamu rifled.

Lolu cwaningo kwaholela ilungiselelo ukuthi onjiniyela babeqiniseka: ukunikeza isisindo oyifunayo kanye nosayizi ethangini kuyadingeka ukulahla zonke umbhoshongo evamile. Sicabangele option best for ushintsho oscillating turret, okwakubekelwa akhiwa izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye engezansi kwakuhlelwe ukubeka ekuphishekeleni. Wayeye ukubophezeleka ovundlile isiqondiso amathuluzi. Ingxenye engenhla idluliswa e indiza mpo.

Ngakho ukuthi igatsha elisha ngemali ephansi Swedish amathangi yasungulwa, kwanqunywa ukuba athenge kusukela France ithangi esindayo AMX 50. Ngemva kokubukeza zonke izici, abaseSweden wasungula iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi KRV Emil. Abadali uhlela ukuthuthukisa umbhoshongo, kokuba yonke imishini ezidingekayo kanye ezishintshayo, kangangokuthi akabanga khona abasiboni isidingo sokuba umuntu. Yiqiniso, le ndlela iye yabangela nobunzima, kodwa noma kunjalo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ethangini esizayo engokwemvelo yaklanywa.

Esokuqala siphathelene ukukhiqizwa imishini enesisindo phakathi amathani 28. Imodeli kufanele kube 5.8 budze, 2.6 amamitha ububanzi futhi 2.35 metres ubude. Calibre Gun - 120 mm.

Ngaphambili okuyingxenye ethangini kumelwe abe litheku umshayeli, isilinganiso zibekelwe oscillating turret, uphinde wenze - ngaphansi gumbi injini-ukudluliswa. Umbhoshongo kwadingeka ukuba ihlanganise umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye ithangi nomyali. I zempi ezinhlangothini umshini futhi okuphakelayo engu-20 mm, kanti phambi ingxenye - 70 mm. Umbhoshongo ifakwe Ukuvikelwa lubucayi kakhudlwana: ngaphambili ingxenye 150 mm, izinhlangothi futhi bakhulise - 30 mm. Dvadtsativosmitonny ithangi okuhloswe ukuhlomisa enamandla injini 550 l. a.

Ingxenye ezithakazelisa kakhulu umshini wawukhona umbhoshongo, okuyinto has a liyaphambuka ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungagcini ivolumu ubophekile ukuhlomisa nezempi autoloader okukhethekile. Ngo ezingemuva umbhoshongo Kwakuhlelwe ukubeka sigubhu ezimbili, okufanele ukuba kwakumangalisa amagobolondo, kanye chambering ukulayisha umugqa kanye nokuhlinzekwa nezinhlamvu.

Le nguqulo ethangini yesibili KRV Emil Yahlela ukusebenzisa isibhamu ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi zempi obukhulu. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye waba ukushuba 145 mm, a bead - 60 mm. imishini isisindo ziye anda ukuze amathani 38. Umthamo nalehleliwe injini kwaba ezingeni of 665 amalitha. a.

Inketho yesithathu - okunzima kakhulu ngomqondo truest izwi, ngoba umshini bekumele nesisindo 42 amathani futhi ube injini 810 ilitha. a. Izinga Ukuvikelwa ngalesi azishintshile nge samuntu ethangini yesibili.

Ngeshwa i-ibutho isiSwidi, KRV Emil iphrojekthi engakaze ethwele imiphumela emihle. Izinkinga ukuthuthukiswa nokudalwa umbhoshongo liyaphambuka kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi Amasosha IsiSwidi wanquma ukuthenga ubuchwepheshe angaphandle, ngakho amathangi abangu British ezenziwe izingalo Sweden ngaphambi kokuqala kowezi-2000.

tank Destroyer

Ukudla kwasekuseni Strv Tank 103 Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko ukulwa iyunithi IsiSwidi amabutho armored ngawo-1960. Empeleni, akusiyo kangaka ithangi, bangaki fighter. Yena sinikezwe layout esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto kubonakala singekho umbhoshongo kanye kanzima kwakwakhe amathuluzi kule ndaba. Isiqondiso isibhamu eyalo Ukujikeleza nokuthambekela umzimba mshini ukumiswa. Futhi lena ethangini wokuqala emhlabeni, okuyinto ngaphezu udizili wamiswa futhi i-injini yegesi ophephela.

I kwezikhali umshini - isibhamu of 105 mm, ezintathu machine gun 7,62 mm, omunye anti-aircraft isibhamu, ezimbili amabhomu chetyrehstvolnyh. Injini eyinhloko udizili K-60 nomthamo 240 amalitha. nge, kanye nokwesekwa -. "Boeing-502" nomthamo 330 amalitha. a.

Futhi, ithangi waba aft Izilawuli impinda elise. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona itholakala opharetha umsakazo Ungase futhi usebenze umshini bawuthwale reverse uma kunesidingo.

Swedish iphrojekthi

Ngo-1997, Hägglunds inkampani waqala ukwakha ithangi entsha Swedish. Le phrojekthi wathola ikhodi CV 90-120.

Lokhu ithangi isetshenziswa ngesisekelo chassis BMP C90. Futhi thina wanezela ekhethekile ubambo rigidity, esangenza sihlale sizinzile umshini ngemva kokudubula 120 mm ubukhulu inganono. Nokho, ngenxa yalokhu kwathiwa kancane encishisiwe ukusebenza ashukumisayo.

Motor tank - 8 cylinder Scania iyunithi eba namandla 640 l. s ukudluliswa imoto -. Perkins X 300. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo tank at isisindo emzimbeni amathani 26 nge izinhlamvu ezigcwele ukusheshisa 70 km / h. I-geometry yemizila futhi phansi elungiselelwe ishayelwa asemoyeni, mini ngekhephu. Umshayeli ungasebenzisa amadivayisi ezintathu telescopic ukuba ibukwe izindawo.

Swedish ongabonakali CV90120 ithangi ine okuphakelayo ngokuzenzekelayo amagobolondo uhlelo ukushaja. Umshini ungenza kuze kube imizuliswano 14 ngomzuzu. Ammunition amagobolondo 45. I isibhamu ifakwe idivayisi ekhethekile, enifeza ukumuncwa umusi okuholela ngemva ingacaci.

oshayelayo okuzenzakalelayo ukuvumela umbhoshongo ukwenza Ukujikeleza isiyingi bese ukuhambisa Insimbi uhla - degrees 8 kuya +22. I Bhalobhasha unekhono ukusebenzisa rangefinder laser, kudivayisi sokukhomba, a imager ezishisayo.

I lokungabonakali ethangini inikezwa nesicelo Adaptiv uhlelo ukumaska ezisebenza uhla infrared.

I yangaphandle okuyingxenye Adaptiv - ipuleti ne-engeli eziyisithupha. Njengoba izici kwesakhiwo ithangi ke hhayi kuphela ingabonakali esitheni kodwa futhi ukwazi ukwenza okuthiwa phantom yamanga, "ukudonsa" electronics. Uma kudingeka, umshini izifutho efwini aerosol emhlabeni ngokwabo, agcina esibukweni lokungabonakali imizuzu engaphezu kwemibili. Likhono ukwakheka ilingana 300 amalitha.

Kuncike emotweni nokuvikelwa electronic, okothi abazise ukuthi amatilosi ukuthi inkambo yabo iyona intelligence iyunithi. Ngemva kwalokho kungenzeka njengoba ukubhujiswa ngqo ka wathola ubuciko, kanye Jamming.

isiphetho

Lokhu kubuyekeza uwukufingqwa amathangi Swedish. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla akuyona emi namanje, futhi kwenkululeko umkhakha ukuzivikela iyathinteka. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha namhlanje - imishini zobuchwepheshe ukuthi Ungahambisa ngokushesha ukuthola futhi abhubhise isitha.