Missile Ballistic "Sineva": izici kanye nencazelo

Emuva ekhulwini le-19, umzamo wokuqala ukubeka ezicitshwayo nakumikhumbingwenya Benziwe. Umqondo kungokwalabo unjiniyela Russian K. A. Shilderu. Ngokusho iphrojekthi ngesikhathi Alexandrovsky Foundry ngoMashi 1834 yayakhiwe "rocket" ngwenya. Kodwa ungalokothi wamukelwa Russian Imperial Navy. Nokho, umbono lokukhulula ezicitshwayo covertly ngwenya yasungulwa ukuthuthukiswa Nabanye onjiniyela lempi. Interesting ikakhulukazi lo mbono ka missile "Sineva".

isikhali Underwater ukuziphindiselela

III kwamaNazi futhi wazama ukusebenzisa umqondo ka kokuqala ezicitshwayo kusuka ngwenya practice. Ngakho, maphakathi Peenemunde ehlobo lika-1942 U-511 ngwenya aguqulwa le njongo. Kuze kube yimanje, i-rocket - ezimayini alufakwa osezingeni 280 mm 210 mm - seziqediwe.

Futhi olwenziwa ukuhlolwa lapho sigameko eyenziwa ekujuleni-9 no-15 amamitha. Kulokhu, ububanzi esiphezulu missile kwaba ngaphakathi 4 km.

Kokudubula Imiphumela aba yimpumelelo kangangokuba embikweni test ikhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa isiteleka esikhoselweni ngu ngwenya German ogwini American.

I "Wave"

Lapho umsebenzi yokuqalisa ezicitshwayo kusukela ngwenya kudingeka kucatshangelwe izingxenye eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• rocketry;
• shipbuilding kwamanzi;
• Qalisa kweminsalo;
• isilawuli zindiza.

bakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele iphrojekthi lithole ikhodi "Wave", kwathi ngo-October 1948 unjiniyela V bheka yanikwa isitifiketi womqalisi sika. Kuyaqapheleka ikhono ukwethula ezicitshwayo kusukela izikhundla ezahlukene:

• ovundlile,
• mpo
• ezintweni ezingafanele.

Isisekelo yonke imicibisholo waqala ukusebenza-Tactical P-11 emhlabeni wokuqala. Yena kwakufanele eziningi eziwusizo:

• Ukuchayeka isimo egcwele;
• Usayizi encane;
• esetshenziswa njengoba oxidizing ejenti izingxenye esekelwe nitric acid.

Konke lokhu kuye kwasiza lula ukusebenza izikhali ezinjalo.

isiqalo Underwater, lapho R-21 lasetshenziswa rocket ketshezi iphutha e-USSR. Kwakungenxa 1960. Kulokhu, qala senziwa kweminsalo ngwenya zingenzeka ekujuleni kwamanzi kwamamitha 40 kuya 50.

"Sineva"

It anazo izici eyingqayizivele indlela P-29RM, okuyinto engcono eyaziwa njengendlela missile ballistic "oluhlaza".

It ukuzixazulula izinkinga eziningana:

• Yiqiniso ukulungiswa kwi amasignali satellites;
• indiza endleleni washintsha kuye ngokuthi ibanga;
• ikhono ezinqumela nika sezikhali Izinjongo ezahlukene;
• ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo e-Arctic.

The kungenzeka umlilo kusukela North Pole luye lwaboniswa Septhemba 2006 missile zenethiwekhi "eYekaterinburg". missile "Sineva" lalisetshenziselwa ekuqaleni-up.

Submarine "Tula"

Umqondo ukubeka imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ezicitshwayo nakumikhumbingwenya seyenziwe ngokugcwele inzuzo yako ngaleso ngwenya yenuzi 'Tula ".

Ukuze missile efakwe "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), kusukela ngo-June 2000 kuya ku-April 21, 2004 "Tula" wathatha sesimanje ezijulile, okuyinto basiza ekwandiseni ngwenya esilayidi. It sashintsha izikhali electronic. Futhi anda yesimiso sokuhamba komkhumbi survivability, okubandakanya ukuphepha zenuzi.

"Tula" has ngesivinini kwamanzi ka 24 ifindo (44 km / hr) ngaleso esiphezulu ukucwiliswa 650 amamitha ukujula. I kwemikhumbi ezizimele, kungaba izinsuku ezingu-90 nge crew zabantu 140.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ngwenya okuqinile kakhulu. Ngaphezu missile ballistic "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) kanye 16 iziqhumane ngoba ngwenya ifakwe torpedo amashubhu. Futhi ebhodini kukhona MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Ukuze unombono zobukhulu we ekilasini ngwenya yenuzi 'Tula ", ukuphathwa tingentiwa kanye namanje ubude enkulu (design waterline) - 167,4 amamitha! Ubude enkundleni yomdlalo webhola, isib, 120 amamitha.

Ngemva ngcono ngwenya "Tula" azenzile missile kwethulwa "Sineva" oLwandle uBarents at amatshe Pacific enkabazwe. Ngemva sokunqoba 11.547 km Okuqondiwe beshaywa ngempumelelo.

Izici "Sineva"

missile Three-esiteji, ezakhiwe wesifunda uphawu lapho izigaba ahlelwe ngokulandelana. Okunika "waminza" ku LRE amathangi olulodwa inhlangano elihlangene lapho uhlelo tank ezabiwe.

Lapho isisindo missile ka 40,3 m ubude 14.8 amamitha. Sekubhala kushaft kokuqala PL ubukhulu sehliselwe 1.9 m, isisindo kuphela esemqoka ingxenye ilingana 2.8 m.

Omunye izici rocket uyinhloko ingxenye yayo esemqoka, okuyinto yakhiwa emabhuloki lamane kanye eziyishumi. Ngakho, ngamunye wabo isiqondiso ngamunye.

Uma kweminsalo asetshenziswa ukungqubuzana non-zenuzi, inhloko ingxenye ifakwe okusezingeni eliphezulu alufakwa kwehlukana warhead ukugcwaliswa, okuyinto unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-2. Lezi izinhlelo babe isici ezehlukile - ephezulu ukucacisa ekubhujisweni bamatshe.

Missile "Sineva", izimfanelo okuyinto sicabanga ingase ifakwe warhead yenuzi usayizi ultrasmall ( TNT okulingana amathani 50). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba sisebenzise iziteleka kuhlinzwa endaweni inikezwe.

"Ngemishini" labadubuli range

missile Intercontinental "oluhlaza" kufakwe kweminsalo D-9RM. Basuke behlome ngemibese ngwenya yenuzi 667BRDM iphrojekthi (NATO ngezigaba Delta-IV).

I uqobo eziyinkimbinkimbi wathatha ku promvooruzhenie ngo-1986. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-1999, i-Phaphama! Yezikhali ezicitshwayo kumisiwe. Futhi ngo-1999 ukukhiqizwa yabo lapho kuqaliswa futhi inguqulo yesimanje.

Nge ngcono uhla missile "Sineva" Udlule izinkomba US izinhlelo alesi sigaba ( "Trident-2"), okungaba yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane 11. A Reserve ibanga akanayo missile omunye emhlabeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokusemthethweni wavuma ukuthi ububanzi "Sineva" kuyinto 8300 km. Kusukela lapho izikebhe benziwa missile oluqalisa blue?

UMbusi we Russian Navy uVladimir Vysotsky watshelwa ukuthi lokhu ukuguqulwa ezicitshwayo behlome ngemibese ngwenya yenuzi ezisebenza ukulwa umsebenzi ulwandle. Kuphela 7 yephrojekthi missile laliqongelelwe Navy Russian.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental missile ballistic "Bulava" kuthiwa ukuhlomisa uhlobo ngwenya "Northwind", elitholakala 12 missile silos.

Lolu hlelo ukusebenza zifane nge phansi ezisekelwe missile izakhiwo "Topol-M". Kulokhu, "Bulava" lo engaba indiza ifinyelela 8000 km, ngesikhathi isisindo amathani 36,8 yezikhali ezicitshwayo. sezikhali weNyutliya sezikhali amaningi. isiqalo esiphakanyisiwe ivumela isiqalo kwamanzi "hambani niyokwenza."

Ngokusho yayo izici missile "Bulava" futhi "Sineva" efanayo kakhulu futhi kuhluke kuphela uhlobo ngamandla injini. Ngesikhathi "Bulava" He is okuqinile, futhi "Sineva" - ketshezi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Esigabeni sokugcina indiza missile "Mace" lisetshenziswa motor fluidic amathuba ezengeziwe ukwandisa isivinini kanye ikhuluma.

izicelo Unokuthula ezicitshwayo ballistic

Ukuguqulwa Uhlelo esasinenjini ezicitshwayo ballistic aba isisekelo umklamo abathwali ezifana "Wave" futhi "Calm".

Yiqiniso, balahlekelwa amakhono abo, "Union" futhi "Proton", kodwa kahle bazivumelanisa mkhathi ukulethwa ku ongaphakeme Umhlaba orbit.

Lezi izakhiwo ngokuthi "Calm" futhi "Wave" baziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kutsi babedalelwe ngesisekelo R-29R (missile "Sineva").

Ngo 1991-1993, abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya-Russian benziwa siqala ezintathu yezikhali ezicitshwayo esinjalo trajectory suborbital.

Yini enye kungaba Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula? Uhlobo lokuguqulwa micibisholo "Sineva" behlakaniphe encwadini Guinness World Records njengoba esheshayo-imeyli.

Juni 7, 1995 ngosizo esiphathiswa rocket R-29R nge iqoqo imishini Ososayensi by Russian ophihliza iqhwa yenuzi-powered "Ryazan" umkhankaso. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu futhi wabeka-e-mail ukuxhumana. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20, i-flying 9000 km, i-capsule wakhululwa ngokuphumelelayo eKamchatka.